Arms tracing: perspectives on control, traffic and use of illegal weapons in Colombia

The publication reports on an extensive research endeavour to screen small arms stockpiles that were seized from illicit non-state actors in Colombia in the course of the past 5 years. It determines the proportion of these arms that are of European Union origin and reconstructs these arms flows 'upstream', so as to assess whether and to what extent these arms have been subject to unauthorized re-exports by states that obtained the arms legally from European Union member states

MBTI personality test related to performance in the workplace and economic benefits to the firm.

The purpose of this investigation is to find the relationship between employee personalities and the effect on work performance. All enterprises have employees with different kind of personalities, this personality is a guide and shows us what the employee considers important and what not. Every human is motivated differently and in the labor area we want to know what actions or things motivates the most to the employees; it could be salary, the activities they perform or just the purpose of its work. This study can also be used in the hiring process of a company by analyzing the type of personality and if it will fit the position applied.El propósito de esta tesis es encontrar la relación entre las personalidades de los empleados y su desempeño en las actividades laborales. En una empresa existen personas con diferentes personalidades. La personalidad es una guía que nos da información de cuál es el sentido en la vida del trabajador y cómo se ve influenciado su trabajo. A cada persona le motivan cosas diferentes; en el ámbito laboral se quiere identificar qué es lo que causa esta motivación dependiendo de las personalidades: si es el salario o el trabajo que desempeña a diario, o solo el hecho de disfrutar de las actividades que realiza, como también puede ser su motivación por el producto final o el valor que está entregando la empresa a la sociedad. Se puede también utilizar como una estrategia al momento de contratar personas en las compañías puesto que contiene pautas para analizar y descubrir si su personalidad se aplica al tipo de trabajo a realizar, y cuáles van a ser sus principales motivadores frente a su trabajo

Multi-channel Unbounded Optical Communication through Modulation of LED Lighting

With the ever-increasing demand for more mobile bandwidth and higher data transfer rates, expansion into the Terahertz spectral range is inevitable. Modern Wi-Fi technologies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) theoretically support data rates up to only a few Gbps. A newly emerging technology, Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) provides communication with potentially Tbps rates through LED lighting. One unique benefit of Li-Fi is that it can be used simultaneously for illumination and high-speed, secure (line-of-sight) communication. Li-Fi would be best utilized in conjunction with Wi-Fi and mobile LTE networks as it is more suitable for one-way short range communication due to relatively high power needed for the lighting source. Combining wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM), this project focused on realizing a high-speed optical communication link for a cost comparable to a Wi-Fi router. By processing data using a microcontroller with an Ethernet connection, a 52 Mbps link was demonstrated [three frequencies (n=3) for each of the primary colors (Red, Green, Blue) — a total of nine (3n) channels]. Data transfer rates up to 486 Mbps were shown to be viable with this three-color three-frequency system. Integrating data processing and multiplexing/demultiplexing functionalities on a single chip would eliminate the bottleneck imposed by the microcontroller clock speed. Additionally, this Li-Fi system can be scaled up by adding a yellow LED, which would also improve the quality of white light, and by adding more carrier frequencies. With these improvements, Li-Fi stands to provide high-speed communications through LED lighting.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/1110/thumbnail.jp

Rastreo de Armas: Perspectivas sobre control, tráfico y uso de armas ilegales en Colombia

The publication reports on an extensive research endeavour to screen small arms stockpiles that were seized from illicit non-state actors in Colombia in the course of the past 5 years. It determines the proportion of these arms that are of European Union origin and reconstructs these arms flows 'upstream', so as to assess whether and to what extent these arms have been subject to unauthorized re-exports by states that obtained the arms legally from European Union member states

Physiological responses and post - stress recovery in field - grown maize exposed to high temperatures at flowering

Neiff, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Corrientes, Argentina.Ploschuk, Edmundo Leonardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Valentinuz, Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná (EEA Paraná). Paraná, Entre Ríos. Argentina.Andrade, Fernando Héctor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (EEA Balcarce). Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.2053-2061Heat stress affects physiological traits and biomass production in major crops, including maize. We researched the responses of maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), relative cell injury (RCI), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf photosynthesis (CER), and crop growth rate (CGR) in two maize cultivars exposed to high temperatures around silking (R1) under field conditions. Temperature regimes (i.e. control and heat) were performed during the pre-silking (–15d R1 to R1) and post-silking (R1+2d to R1+17d) periods. In the heat treatments, polyethylene shelters were used in order to increase daytime temperatures around midday (from 10 A.M. to 2 P.M.) during each period (i.e., pre- and post-silking). In the control treatments, the shelters remained open during the entire growing season. Gas exchange variables, Fv/Fm and relative cell injury (RCI) were measured on ear leaves. CGR was estimated based on biomass samples. CER and Fv/Fm presented maximum reductions at the end of the daytime heating. However, 30 min after the shelters were reopened, Fv/Fm of heated leaves reached values similar to controls, which were closely linked to CER recoveries. RCI was negatively associated with Fv/Fm, and cell injury increased gradually as heating continued. Ci was unaffected by heat treatment, indicating that gs was not the primary cause of CER reduction. Heat stress decreased CGR, and the reduction was positively associated with CER and Fv/Fm in both heating periods. We attempted to scale from cell to crop level and identify some physiological traits that could be helpful in breeding programs for heat stress tolerance

Proyecto Empresarial "Alas S.A.": Escenarios y razones financieras.

Alas S.A. is an entrepreneurial firm located in Quito, Ecuador. The goal of Alas S.A. is to provide the target market a unique and original product through butterflies’ release designed for any social event; targeting social economic status A and B. This firm is created by Nicolas Almeida, Ma. José Bustamante, Daniela Contreras, Anggelo Toscano y Samantha Vergara. Alas S.A. is a pioneer enterprise in the national market, being this one of its competitive advantage. Its competitors designed other specific products in order to ornament the atmosphere of the event. However, Alas S.A. is committed with its consumers since its proactive behavior create memories and unique moments through the butterflies’ release. This project will be profitable since its third year; the breakpoint will be in the 52.38th month. Alas S.A. is an opportunity for presenting the target market a new way of executing wonderful events.Alas S.A. es una empresa creada en Quito, Ecuador; con el objetivo de brindar un producto emprendedor, innovador y único mediante la liberación de mariposas para cualquier tipo de evento social. Los productos y servicios están dirigidos a un segmento alto y medio alto a nivel nacional. Esta organización es forjada por Nicolás Almeida, Ma. José Bustamante, Daniela Contreras, Anggelo Toscano y Samantha Vergara. Alas S.A. es pionera en el mercado, convirtiendose aquella en la principal ventaja competitiva. Otras empresas brindan servicios para armonizar el ambiente. Sin embargo, esta empresa proactiva se compromete con sus clientes a crear recuerdos y momentos únicos a través de la liberación de mariposas. El proyecto está previsto que sea rentable desde el tercer año, alcanzando el punto de equilibrio a los 52.38 meses. Alas S.A. es una oportunidad única para brindar al público objetivo nuevas formas de presentar y ejecutar momentos inolvidables

Barreras percibidas y nivel de actividad física en adultos mayores de Aguascalientes, Ags.: Un estudio transversal

Introduction. Mexico is in demographic transition being more than 10% of its population older adults who have a high frequency of non-communicable diseases. The objective was to know the relationship between perceived barriers and physical activity level in older adults from Aguascalientes in Mexico. Material and methods. The present study is cross-sectional, analytic, and observational.150 older adults registered in the Family Integral Development System from Aguascalientes State were included at random, who accepted to participate by signing a consent form. A questionnaire to detect perceived barriers as well as an international physical activity questionnaire was applied. Statistical analysis. Z for two proportions, p-value and odds ratio, 95% confidence interval were calculated, between external and internal perceived barriers and low physical activity level in older adults from the sample. Results. In reference to the sample, 71.3% were between 60 and 70 years old; 72% were female, 78% had low physical activity level. The lack of information about physical activity benefits is a barrier in relation to low physical activity (Z=2.36, p=0.02, OR=2.97 95%CI=1.28 to 6.90); the lack of support from their family is another barrier in relation to their low physical activity (Z=2.91, p=0.003, OR=3.82, 95%CI=161 to 9.10); another barrier was the lack of places (such as health centers and gyms for older adults) to perform physical activity (Z=4.2, p<0.05, OR=5.8, 95%CI=2.5 to 13.3). Conclusion. The nursing designing programs to perform physical activity in older adults should take into account these perceived barriers.Introducción. México está en transición demográfica con más del 10% de su población, siendo adultos mayores, quienes tienen elevada prevalencia de enfermedades no transmisibles. El objetivo fue conocer la relación entre las barreras percibidas y el nivel de actividad física en adultos mayores de Aguascalientes, Ags.Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio transversal, observacional, analítico. 150 adultos mayores registrados en el Sistema de Desarrollo Integral Familiar de Aguascalientes, que firmaron el consentimiento, fueron incluidos. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de barreras percibidas y el internacional de actividad física.Análisis estadístico. Z para dos proporciones, valor de p, Razón de Momios e intervalos de confianza al 95% fueron calculados, entre barreras percibidas externas e internas y el nivel de actividad física que realizaban los adultos mayores de la muestra.Resultados. La muestra estuvo integrada por adultos mayores con edad entre los 60 y 70 años; 72% fueron mujeres, 78% tenían bajo nivel de actividad física. La falta de información acerca de los beneficios de la actividad física es una barrera para tener mejor nivel de actividad física (Z=2.36, p=0.02, RM=2.97 IC95%=1.28 a 6.90); la falta de apoyo de las familias es otra barrera para la actividad física (Z=2.91, p=0.003, RM=3.82, IC95%=161 a 9.10); también fue una barrera la falta de espacios para realizar actividad física, tales como centros de salud y gimnasios para adultos mayores (Z=4.2, p<0.05, RM=5.8, IC95=2.5 a 13.3).Conclusión. El diseño de programas de enfermeríapara realizar actividad física en adultos mayores, deberán tomar en cuenta las barreras percibidas

Crecimiento del cultivo

En este capítulo se analizan para el cultivo de maíz, los componentes de la tasa de crecimiento, la acumulación de biomasa a lo largo del ciclo y la partición de materia seca entre los distintos órganos de la planta. Se discuten, además, los efectos de las principales prácticas de manejo en el crecimiento del cultivoEEA BalcarceFil: Andrade, Fernando Héctor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Andrade, Fernando Héctor. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Andrade, Fernando Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Neiff, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Andrade, José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Andrade, José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The Complexity of Bipartite Gaussian Boson Sampling

Gaussian boson sampling is a model of photonic quantum computing that has attracted attention as a platform for building quantum devices capable of performing tasks that are out of reach for classical devices. There is therefore significant interest, from the perspective of computational complexity theory, in solidifying the mathematical foundation for the hardness of simulating these devices. We show that, under the standard Anti-Concentration and Permanent-of-Gaussians conjectures, there is no efficient classical algorithm to sample from ideal Gaussian boson sampling distributions (even approximately) unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. The hardness proof holds in the regime where the number of modes scales quadratically with the number of photons, a setting in which hardness was widely believed to hold but that nevertheless had no definitive proof. Crucial to the proof is a new method for programming a Gaussian boson sampling device so that the output probabilities are proportional to the permanents of submatrices of an arbitrary matrix. This technique is a generalization of Scattershot BosonSampling that we call BipartiteGBS. We also make progress towards the goal of proving hardness in the regime where there are fewer than quadratically more modes than photons (i.e., the high-collision regime) by showing that the ability to approximate permanents of matrices with repeated rows/columns confers the ability to approximate permanents of matrices with no repetitions. The reduction suffices to prove that GBS is hard in the constant-collision regime.Comment: 44 pages; v3 - journal versio

Distribuir el liderazgo para mejorar la calidad de la educación: Estudio comparativo en escuelas municipales de una ciudad del norte de Chile

El liderazgo distribuido es un constructo que ha adquirido gran relevancia en el campo de la investigación de la mejora escolar, sin embargo, en Chile la investigación aún es incipiente. La presente investigación buscó comparar la distribución del liderazgo en escuelas de logro intermedio e inicial en el SIMCE. Se aplicó la escala de liderazgo distribuido a 64 profesores de 4 escuelas de la ciudad de Calama (2 de logro inicial y 2 de logro intermedio). A través de pruebas de comparación de medias, se encontró que aquellas escuelas con logro intermedio obtuvieron puntajes significativamente superiores en las escalas de visión escolar, cultura escolar, programa instruccional, uso de artefactos, liderazgo docente y relaciones intuitivas de trabajo. Se discuten los resultados y limitaciones del estudio. ---- Distributed  leadership  is  a  construct  that  has obtained  broad  relevance  in  the  field  of  school improvement    research,    however,    in    Chile research is still incipient. The aim research was to compare the distribution of leadership in schools of intermediate and initial achievement in SIMCE in a city of north of Chile. We  applied distributed leadership scale to 64 teachers from 4  schools  in  the  city  of  Calama  (2  of  initial achievement and 2 of intermediate achievement).   Through    means    comparison tests, it was found that those schools with intermediate achievement obtained significantly higher scores in the scales of school vision, school culture, instructional program, use of artifacts, teacher leadership and intuitive work  relationships.  The results and limitations of the study are discussed.   Keywords: Leadership distribution, educational attainment, educational quality, SIMCE, Distributed Leadership Scale