Diseño de un software para el reconocimiento de símbolos matemáticos en latex mediante síntesis de voz para personas con discapacidad visual

El contenido de este proyecto hace referencia al diseño de un software para el reconocimiento de símbolos matemáticos en LaTeX, mediante el cual se pretenden establecer los modelos necesarios para la posterior implementación del software. La primera parte del proyecto muestra el planteamiento general, en esta fase se incluye información como la introducción, los objetivos propuestos, y el diseño metodológico para la construcción del mismo. La segunda parte del proyecto tiene como objetivo brindar al lector la información sobre el estado del arte de las herramientas existentes y en proceso de desarrollo para realizar la síntesis de voz de documentos con alto contenido matemático, para ello se ha recopilado una serie de información de diversas fuentes, y se ha elaborado un documento con la información más relevante. En la tercera parte se realizó el desarrollo de la investigación, para ello se elaboró un documento bajo el estándar de la IEEE 830 para la especificación de requerimientos, en el cuál se establece el ámbito del sistema, la descripción detallada del proyecto, los requisitos funcionales, y otra información necesaria para alcanzar los objetivos del proyecto. Además de un modelo que integra los componentes principales para implementar el software. En la cuarta parte se encuentran las conclusiones del proyecto, con las cuáles se pretende dar a conocer el resultado de la investigación y el cumplimiento de los objetivos. La quinta parte contiene la bibliografía y los anexos del proyecto

Diseño hidráulico de losas en pavimento poroso rígido como estructuras complementarias al drenaje pluvial de Bogotá

Los pavimentos tradicionales, incrementan las áreas impermeables en la ciudad, ocasionando inundaciones y contaminaciones diferidas a los cuerpos acuáticos receptores. Como solución a estos problemas, los pavimentos porosos se han utilizado como una de las conocidas técnicas alternativas de drenaje. El objetivo de este trabajo de grado fue revisar y aplicar las metodologías de diseño hidráulico existentes para pavimentos porosos rígidos, para luego ser adaptadas a una zona de estudio específica (área de parqueadero de un establecimiento localizado en el noroccidente de Bogotá) utilizando los resultados obtenidos a través del método de validación propuesto para unos datos de precipitación de 3.5 años (2008-2011), con una resolución horaria, aplicado a una mezcla de concreto con propiedades hidráulicas y de envejecimiento conocidas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el método de la curva envolvente y el de los volúmenes son las metodologías mas apropiadas para el diseño de pavimentos porosos en el área de estudio para periodos de diseño de 2 y 3 años, respectivamente.Traditional pavements increase impervious surfaces on urban areas, causing flooding and pollution of receiving water bodies. As a solution, the pervious concrete pavements are used as one of the Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). The objective of this study is to review and apply existing hydraulic design methodologies for concrete pervious pavements, and then to adapt them to a specific study zone (parking area of an establishment located at the Northwest part of Bogota) by using simulation results obtained for a one-hour resolution rainfall data set on 3.5 years (2008-2011) applied to a mixture of pavement with known hydraulic and aging properties. The results obtained show that the Envelope Curve and the Volume Methods are the most appropriate ones for designing pervious pavements in the study area for 2-years and 3-years design periods, respectively.Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad

Desarrollo de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en la Amazonía

Estudios realizados en diversas áreas de la Amazonía permiten afirmar que la forma como se ha venido desarrollando la colonización en los últimos años, no garantiza que se de una producción estable a largo plazo y, por el contrario, ha generado procesos de degradación del suelo. Existen numerosos ejemplos que ilustran estos hechos: el más antiguo de ellos se refiere a la colonización en la región Bargantina al Este del Brasil, a lo largo de la carretera Belén-Braganca , la cual se inició hacia finales de la década del cuarenta. En este caso, en contra de las expectativas iniciales, el decrecimiento de las cosechas propició el abandono de la tierra; igual sucedió en años posteriores a lo largo de la carretera Belén-Brasilia (Eden, 1977). &nbsp

DETERMINANTS OF DIVIDEND POLICY IN PORTUGUESE BANKING SYSTEM

The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that influence the payment of dividends in banks operating in the Portuguese market. The study uses advanced financial data, in the period between 2005 and 2018. The model analyzed is tested using multiple regressions with data in the unbalanced panel. The results show that the payment of dividends is mainly driven by the historical distribution and the positive influence of performance. In addition, the size of the bank is significant, although with a sign opposite to that expected. Another valuable result is associated with the changes that occurred before, during and after the financial crisis. The study supports the hypothesis of the influence of the crisis on dividend policy. Evidence is presented that in the post-crisis period, dividends were conditioned by the policy of retention of results imposed by the authorities. The study presents limitations that must be taken into account as can represent restrictions on the results obtained. The size of the sample and the explicit policy of retention of results, imposed by authorities on some entities, stand out during part of the period under investigation

A new model for the formation of microbial polygons in a coastal sabkha setting

The stratigraphic record of microbially induced sedimentary structures spans most of the depositional record. Today, microbes continue to generate, bind and modify sediments in a vast range of depositional environments. One of the most cited of these settings is the coastal microbial mat system of the Persian/Arabian Gulf. In this setting, an extensive zone of microbial mat polygons has previously been interpreted as resulting from desiccation‐related contraction during episodic drying. This study employs 15 years of field‐based monitoring of the interaction between environmental factors and the development and evolution of polygon morphologies to test the desiccation model in this setting. On the basis of these observations, a new model is proposed that accounts for the genesis and development of microbial polygons without the need for desiccation‐induced shrinkage. Conversely, the formation, development and erosion of microbial polygons is a direct result of the production of large amounts of organic matter in a healthy, yet spatially limited, microbial community. The recognition of microbial polygons has previously been applied as a diagnostic tool for the reconstruction of ancient depositional environments. The present study calls these interpretations into doubt. It is inferred that preservation of the microbial polygons as a recognizable form would be rare. Biological degradation and compaction will reduce polygons to produce the ‘wispy’ laminae that are a common feature of ancient sabkha lithofacies

From Office to Home: Drivers of Gender Job Satisfaction During COVID-19

Research on job satisfaction and gender has yielded mixed results, underscoring the need to understand how men and women may experience job satisfaction differently. This study builds on extant literature by examining how extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, work relations, work-life balance, and work design contribute to job satisfaction among men and women. Moreover, the study examines these relationships in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using measurement items from the International Social Survey Programme Work Orientation Module, the study examined data from 766 employees in the United States who were employed throughout the pandemic. Findings revealed that women and men reported similar levels of job satisfaction, although the drivers of job satisfaction differed across genders. The findings and implications of the study can assist managers in maximizing job satisfaction among employees

A Cross-National Comparison: Job Satisfaction and Gender

Comparative gender job satisfaction studies have been inconclusive with some finding that women are more satisfied on the job than men and others finding no difference. Previous research has also identified similarities and differences in gender and job satisfaction globally based on cultural, economic, social, and political factors across countries and world regions. Overall, however, limited cross-national or global research has been conducted in this area. The current study uses International Social Survey Programme data to investigate the role of gender and country on job satisfaction. Findings support previous beliefs about gender differences but with significant country variations

Criteria-Referenced Formative Assessment in the Arts

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of criteria-referenced formative assessment on achievement in the arts. Seventy-five schools in New York City were assigned to either the treatment or control condition. The treatment involved 3195 elementary, middle, or high school students instructed by 43 music, visual arts, theater, or dance teachers. The teachers were involved in a professional development program focused on formative assessment practices, particularly criteria-referenced peer and self-assessment. The control group consisted of 2445 students in classes instructed by 32 teachers who did not receive the professional development. Discipline- specific, performance-based pre- and post-measures were used to evaluate student learning. Fidelity of implementation was examined before the analysis of the treatment effect. Propensity score matching analysis was used to examine group differences in performance on the post-assessment. Results based on a sample of 611 matched pairs of students showed that, overall, criteria-referenced formative assessment ha