Burbuja inmobiliaria, el caso Bogotá (2007-2018)

Trabajo de investigaciónEste trabajo se basó en analizar si en Bogotá los incrementos de los precios en la vivienda son producto de la oferta y la demanda o de una burbuja inmobiliaria. Se tomaron como referencia las crisis inmobiliarias mundiales como la de Estados unidos , para comparar su relación con los principales determinantes que se encuentran con el desarrollo de estas crisis.0. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. LEVANTAMIENTO DE INFORMACIÓN 3. CONCLUSIONES 4. RECOMENDACIONES 5. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 6. ANEXOSPregradoEconomist

Herramienta para el reconocimiento de referencias bibliográficas

RESUMENCada vez que se realiza un artículo o algún trabajo, debe documentarse y realizársele una extensa revisión, debido a que un correcto uso de las citas, junto con la inclusión de las referencias bibliográficas, demuestran no sólo la honradez de la persona en reconocer que el trabajo no ha salido de su entero conocimiento, sino que esa persona está argumentando lo expuesto en dicho escrito. Realizar una bibliografía es un proceso que podría resultar bastante complicado y tedioso, ya que, si no se tiene el conocimiento básico para crear una bibliografía, o la experiencia en el uso de una herramienta que le ayude a realizarla, puede resultar complejo organizar de forma correcta las referencias. En este artículo se dan a conocer los resultados del desarrollo de una herramienta que reconoce determinados tipos y estilos de referencias bibliográficas con el fin de facilitar a los investigadores o personas próximas a realizar un trabajo de investigación, con el reconocimiento de referencias bibliográficas y elementos de dichas referencias para ayudar en la solución de la problemática anteriormente expuesta.ABSTRACTWhenever we realize an article or some work, it must receive documents and an extensive review be realized, due to the fact that a correct use of the appointments, together with the incorporation of the bibliographical references, they demonstrate not only the honesty of the person in admitting that the work has not gone out of his entire knowledge, but this person is arguing exposed in the above mentioned writing. To realize a bibliography is a process that might turn out to be complicated enough and tedious, since, if the basic knowledge is not had to create a bibliography, or the experience in the use of a tool that it helps her realize, it can turn out to be a complex to organize of correct form the references. In this paper there are announced the results of the development of a tool that recognizes certain types and styles of bibliographical references in order to facilitate the investigators or persons close to realize a work of investigation, with the recognition of bibliographical references and elements of the above mentioned references to help in the solution of the problematic previously exposed

Influence of Dietary Algae Meal on Lipid Oxidation and Volatile Profile of Meat from Lambs with Competent Reticular Groove Reflex

Dietary lipid sources influence intramuscular fatty acid composition, which in turn may affect the volatile profile of meat. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of marine algae supplementation (Aurantiochytrium limacinum) on volatile compounds of cooked lamb meat. Forty-eight lambs with 42 days of age were divided into three groups: lambs fed a conventional diet without algae meal supplementation (NOALG), lambs with competent reticular groove reflex (RGR) fed the same diet supplemented with 2.5% marine algae meal mixed in the concentrate (ALGCON), and lambs with competent RGR, receiving the same diet and fed with 2.5% marine algae meal in a milk replacer to bypass the rumen (ALGMILK). Lipid and protein oxidation in raw meat was assessed and volatile compounds in grilled meat were determined. The highest and lowest lipid oxidations were observed in the ALGMILK and NOALG groups, respectively. Protein oxidation was unaffected. Out of 56 identified compounds, 12 volatiles significantly increased in both algae groups and 6 of them exclusively in the ALGCON treatment. Algae meal supplementation and its form of administration, either protected or not from rumen degradation, are important factors to consider in lipid oxidation and the aromatic profile of lamb meat

Pérdida de suelo en laderas bajo cambio climático: procesos físicos, modelación predictiva y posibles estrategias de mitigación - El proyecto de investigación “SmuCPhy”

Este proyecto de investigación estudia los mecanismos de la pérdida de suelos en zonas montañosas mediante un método multidisciplinar y el trabajo a diferentes escalas. Uno de los objetivos principales es analizar el efecto del cambio climático sobre estos mecanismos y buscar métodos de mitigación para afrontarlo correctamente. Se utilizan datos obtenidos mediante la auscultación de un experimento físico a gran escala y cuatro laderas y cuencas naturales situadas en el Pirineo Catalán, para alimentar y validar un modelo numérico innovador que implementa un módulo de interacciones suelo-vegetación-atmósfera. Finalmente, los resultados de la auscultación y de la modelización numérica se usarán para realizar una correlación de factores condicionantes de la inestabilidad con la ocurrencia espacio-temporal de deslizamientos superficiales utilizando técnicas SIG a escala regional.Postprint (published version

Rockfalls: analysis of the block fragmentation through field experiments

Fragmentation is a common feature of rockfall that exerts a strong control on the trajectories of the generated blocks, the impact energies, and the runout. In this paper, we present a set of four real-scale rockfall tests aimed at studying the fragmentation of the rocky blocks, from the global design of the field procedure to the data analysis and the main results. A total of 124 limestone, dacite, or granite blocks ranging between 0.2 and 5 m3 were dropped from different heights (8.5 to 23.6 m) onto four slopes with different shapes (single or double bench) and slope angles (42º to 71º). The characteristics of the blocks, in particular the size, surface texture and joint condition, were measured before the drops. The trajectories of the blocks and both the initial and the impact velocities were tracked and recorded by means of three high-speed video cameras. A total of 200 block-to-ground impacts have been studied. On average, 40% of the blocks broke upon impact on the slope or on the ground, making it necessary to measure the fragments. The initial and final sizes of the blocks/fragments were measured by hand with tape, though photogrammetric techniques (UAV and terrestrial) were also used for comparison purposes. The information gathered during the field tests provides a deep insight into the fragmentation processes. On the one hand, the high-resolution slow-motion videos help to describe when and how the block breakage takes place and the spatial distribution of the pieces. On the other hand, it is possible to compute the block trajectories, the velocities, and the energy losses using videogrammetry. The results include, for instance, a block average fragmentation of 54% and 14% for the limestone and granitoids, respectively; the systematic inventory of the size fragments, which may be used for fitting the power law distributions; and after each breakage, the total angle of aperture occupied by the fragments has been measured, with values in the range 25º–145º. To figure out the different behavior of the blocks in terms of breakage/no breakage, each block-to-ground impact has been characterized with a set of parameters describing the energy level, the robustness of the substrate, and the configuration of the block contact at the impact point, among others. All these terms are combined in a function F, which is used to adjust the field data. The adjustment has been carried out, first, for the whole 200 events and later for a subset of them. The procedure and the results are described in the paper. Although the discrimination capability of F is moderately satisfactory, it is very sensitive to the test site and setup. It must be highlighted that these field tests are a unique source of data to adjust the parameters of the numerical simulation models in use for rockfall studies and risk mitigation, especially when fragmentation during the propagation is considered.The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the research projects RockRisk (BIA2013-42582-P), RockModels (BIA2016-75668-P, AEI, ERDF/FEDER, UE) and GeoRisk (PID2019-103974RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). GeoRisk is funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) on the framework of the Plan for Scientific-Technical Research and Innovation. The support of the Spanish Ministry of Education (grants to the second and third authors, codes FPU13/04252 and BES-2014-069795, respectively) and the BBVA Foundation (thirteenth author’s contract) is also appreciated. The collaboration of Canteras Hermanos Foj and Canteras Ponderosa S.A., Marc Janeras, and S. Moreno is greatly acknowledged. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor who helped to improve the structure and content of the final version. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The RockRisk project: rockfall risk quantification and prevention

Rockfalls are frequent instability processes in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. The orientation and persistence of joints within the rock mass define the size of the kinematically unstable rock volumes and determine the way how the detached mass be-comes fragmented upon the impact on the ground surface. Knowledge of the size and trajectory of the blocks resulting from fragmentation is critical for calculating the impact probability and intensity, the vulnerability the exposed elements and the performance of protection structures. In this contribution we summarize the main goals and achievements of the RockRisk project. We focused on the characterization of the rockfall fragmentation by means of the analysis of the fracture pattern of intact rock masses, the development of a fragmentation model and its integration into rockfall propagation analysis. The ultimate goal of the project is to quantify risk due to rockfalls and develop tools for the improvement of prevention and for protection from its occurrence.Postprint (published version

Pérdida de suelo en laderas bajo cambio climático. procesos físicos, modelación predictiva y posibles estrategias de mitigación : el proyecto de investigación “Smucphy”

RESUMEN: Este proyecto de investigación estudia los mecanismos de la pérdida de suelos en zonas montañosas mediante un método multidisciplinar y el trabajo a diferentes escalas. Uno de los objetivos principales es analizar el efecto del cambio climático sobre estos mecanismos y buscar métodos de mitigación para afrontarlo correctamente. Se utilizan datos obtenidos mediante la auscultación de un experimento físico a gran escala y cuatro laderas y cuencas naturales situadas en el Pirineo Catalán, para alimentar y validar un modelo numérico innovador que implementa un módulo de interacciones suelo-vegetación-atmósfera. Finalmente, los resultados de la auscultación y de la modelización numérica se usarán para realizar una correlación de factores condicionantes de la inestabilidad con la ocurrencia espacio-temporal de deslizamientos superficiales utilizando técnicas SIG a escala regional. 1200Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Consolidación de un modelo híbrido de enseñanza (Blended Learning) en la docencia de disciplinas jurídicas

Memoria ID-071 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

La gamificación o mecánica de los juegos en el desarrollo de habilidades profesionales en disciplinas jurídicas: búsqueda y utilización de documentos en un entorno virtual y de la e-Administración

Memoria ID2022-113 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

A manera de conclusión

El proceso creativo del ilustrador y, por extensión, del diseñador gráfico y, por extensión, de todos los diseñadores (industrial, de modas, de interiores, arquitectos, etc.), no está limitado a los momentos en los que se enfrenta a la solución de un problema de diseño específico. Situación reforzada, tal vez, por la idealización de la imagen del ilustrador-diseñador frente a una mesa de dibujo con múltiples herramientas y materiales (pigmentos, lápices, pinceles, papeles, plantillas, etc.) disponibles a la mano, al lado de un gran ventanal con una vista inspiradora