Variance and covariance components and genetic parameters for fat and protein yield of first-lactation Holstein cows using random regression models

Background: the genetic parameters of the lactation curve in dairy cattle can be analyzed as longitudinal data using Random Regression Models (RRM). Objective: to estimate the (co) variance components and genetic parameters for fat (F) and protein (P) yield in first lactation Holstein cows of Antioquia (Colombia) by RRM based on Legendre polynomials. Methods: monthly F and P records (9,479) from 1,210 first-lactation Holstein cows were used. Twenty-two and 24 RRM were used for F and P, respectively, with different orthogonal Legendre-polynomial orders to estimate the fixed-curve population coefficients and predict direct-genetic additive and permanent environment effects. The models considered homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances of 5, 7, and 10 classes. Results: the best fit for F was the fourth order model for the population fixed-curve and the additive genetic effect, and the third order for the permanent environment with seven heterogeneous variances. The best fit for P was the fifth order model for the population fixed-curve and the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects with five heterogeneous variances. The variance for the animals' genetic, phenotypic, permanent environment, and residual effects for both F and P decreased as lactation progressed. F and P heritabilities were between 0.13 and 0.38, and 0.12 and 0.32, respectively. Conclusion: first-birth animals can be selected in Antioquia for F and P characteristics. Selection should be done preferably at the beginning of lactation since they reach the highest heritability values at this time

Variance and covariance components and genetic parameters for fat and protein yield of first-lactation Holstein cows using random regression models

Background: the genetic parameters of the lactation curve in dairy cattle can be analyzed as longitudinal data using Random Regression Models (RRM). Objective: to estimate the (co) variance components and genetic parameters for fat (F) and protein (P) yield in first lactation Holstein cows of Antioquia (Colombia) by RRM based on Legendre polynomials. Methods: monthly F and P records (9,479) from 1,210 first-lactation Holstein cows were used. Twenty-two and 24 RRM were used for F and P, respectively, with different orthogonal Legendre-polynomial orders to estimate the fixed-curve population coefficients and predict direct-genetic additive and permanent environment effects. The models considered homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances of 5, 7, and 10 classes. Results: the best fit for F was the fourth order model for the population fixed-curve and the additive genetic effect, and the third order for the permanent environment with seven heterogeneous variances. The best fit for P was the fifth order model for the population fixed-curve and the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects with five heterogeneous variances. The variance for the animals' genetic, phenotypic, permanent environment, and residual effects for both F and P decreased as lactation progressed. F and P heritabilities were between 0.13 and 0.38, and 0.12 and 0.32, respectively. Conclusion: first-birth animals can be selected in Antioquia for F and P characteristics. Selection should be done preferably at the beginning of lactation since they reach the highest heritability values at this time.Antecedentes: os parâmetros genéticos da produção de leite podem ser estimados usando Modelos de Regressão Aleatória (RRM). Objetivo: estimar por RRM com base em polinômios de Legendre os componentes de variância e covariância e os parâmetros genéticos para produção de gordura (F) e proteína (P) em vacas leiteiras de primeira lactação da raça holandesa em rebanhos de Antioquia, Colômbia. Métodos: foram avaliadas 9.479 registros mensais de F e P pertencentes a 1.210 vacas. Para F e P foram usados 22 e 24 RRM, respectivamente, com diferentes ordens de polinomiais ortogonais de Legendre para estimar os coeficientes da curva fixa da população, os efeitos genéticos aditivo direito, do ambiente permanente e residual. Os modelos consideraram variâncias residuais homogêneas e heterogêneas de 5, 7 e 10 classes. Resultados: para F, o melhor modelo foi o de quarta ordem para a curva fixa da população e o efeito genético aditivo, e de terceira ordem para o ambiente permanente com sete variâncias heterogêneas. Para P, o modelo que forneceu o melhor ajuste foi do quinto ordem para a curva fixa da população, o efeito genético aditivo e de ambiente permanente, e com 5 variâncias heterogêneas. Para ambas as características as variâncias genética aditiva direita, fenotípica e residual diminuíram no tempo. As herdabilidades para F e P ficaram entre 0,13 e 0,38 e entre 0,12 e 0,32, respectivamente. Conclusão: é possível fazer a seleção de animais da raça holandesa para F e P, de preferência no início da lactação, pois as duas características têm altas herdabilidades.Antecedentes: los parámetros genéticos de la curva de lactancia en ganado de leche pueden ser analizados como datos longitudinales usando Modelos de Regresión Aleatoria (RRM). Objetivo: estimar mediante RRM basados en polinomios de Legendre componentes de (co) varianza y parámetros genéticos para producción de grasa (F) y proteína (P) láctea en vacas Holstein de primera lactancia de Antioquia (Colombia). Métodos: se incluyeron 9.479 registros mensuales de F y P pertenecientes a 1.210 vacas Holstein de primera lactancia. Para F y P se usaron 22 y 24 RRM respectivamente, con diferentes órdenes de polinomio ortogonal de Legendre para estimar los coeficientes de la curva fija de la población, la predicción de los efectos genético aditivo directo y del ambiente permanente. Los modelos consideraron varianzas residuales homogéneas y heterogéneas de 5, 7 y 10 clases. Resultados: para F, el mejor modelo fue el de cuarto orden para la curva fija de la población y el efecto genético aditivo, y de tercer orden para el ambiente permanente con siete varianzas heterogéneas. Para P, el modelo que presentó mejor ajuste fue el de quinto orden para la curva fija de la población, el efecto genético aditivo y el ambiente permanente y 5 varianzas heterogéneas. Para ambas características las varianzas genética aditiva directa, fenotípica, de ambiente permanente y residual disminuyeron a medida que avanzaba la lactancia. Las heredabilidades para F y P estuvieron entre 0,13 y 0,38, y entre 0,12 y 0,32, respectivamente. Conclusión: es posible realizar la selección para F y P en animales de primer parto en el departamento de Antioquia, preferiblemente al inicio de la lactancia, ya que ambas características presentan heredabilidades altas en esta etapa

Lactose and milk urea nitrogen: fluctuations during lactation in Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate lactose and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in milk from Holstein cows and their relationship with days in milk (DIM), milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count (SCC). A total of 1,034 records corresponding to morning and afternoon milkings of 148 Holstein cows were used. Records were taken from 16 herds located in the Northern and Eastern dairy regions of Antioquia (Colombia). The curves were fitted using a generalized additive mixed model with smoothed estimates to find the best smoothing intensity factors involved in MUN and lactose concentration. Regarding MUN, the contemporary group effect was highly significant, but the parity effect was not significant. The DIM, lactose and milk fat smoothed covariates were highly significant, while milk yield and fat and SCC showed no statistical difference. Regarding lactose content, the contemporary group effect was highly significant, while the parity effect was not significant. Days in milk, MUN, milk fat, milk protein, and afternoon-milking SCC smoothed covariates were highly significant, while milk yield and morning-milking SCC were not significant. Lactose and milk urea nitrogen concentrations are affected by various factors throughout lactation, mainly by days in milk

Anales de la Academia de medicina de Medellín, Año 1, No. 08. Septiembre. 1888. Primera época

Fiebre larvada y diabetes azucarada intermitente. Pag.207-210 * Escleroderma o trofoneurosis diseminada. Pag.210-215 * Trofoneurosis. Pag.215-216 * Envenamiento por la analgesina. Pag.217 * Manzanillo y Manzanilla. Pag.217-222 * Informe de una comisión. Pag.222-224 * El Tuntun. Pag.224-227 * Algunos Hipnoticos. Pag.227- 228 * Incompatabilidad química de algunas sustancias medicinales. Pag.228-232 * Patología de gusano de seda. Pag.232-23

XVII International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Advanced Science, Technology and Innovation to move towards a new socio-technical system: Sustainable Social Transformation"

Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of batsContent: Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of bat