Energy loss as the origin of an universal scaling law of the elliptic flow

It is shown that the excellent scaling of the elliptic flow found for all centralities, species and energies from RHIC to the LHC for $p_{T}$ less than the saturation momentum is a consequence of the energy lost by a parton interacting with the color field produced in a nucleus-nucleus collision. In particular, the deduced shape of the scaling curve describes correctly all the data. We discuss the possible extensions to higher $p_{T}$, proton-nucleus and proton-proton collisions as well as higher harmonics.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Phenomenological studies of initial state effects and jet quenching in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions at LHC

Heavy ion collisions (HICs) are the appropriate tools to study the so-called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). This thesis is focused on the analysis of two types of effects arising in HICs: initial state effects and final state effects. Among the former, there are the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs), whose precise determination is crucial for the correct interpretation of any observable used in HICs. In this thesis a global analysis of nPDFs at next-to-next-to-leading-order in perturbative QCD (pQCD) is performed. Another very interesting issue regarding the initial stage of HICs are the collective phenomena that give rise to the QGP. These are addressed within the string percolation model (SPM). The results obtained in this framework for different observables are compared to available experimental data. Amongst the final state it is worth stressing hard probes, which are observables characterized by a high energy or mass. An analysis of single-inclusive suppression of hard particles at different center of mass energies and centralities in presented. The main result of this work is the extraction of the so-called jet quenching coefficient

EVOLUCIÓN MACROECONÓMICA DE NORUEGA DURANTE EL PERIODO DE 2000 A 2020

En este trabajo se analiza la evolución macroeconómica de Noruega durante el periodo de 2000 a 2020. Se ha estudiado la evolución de las principales macromagnitudes, además de algunas otras cuestiones de interés que ayudan a entender la economía de Noruega y que complementen el análisis, como la importancia del petróleo (recurso natural predominante del país) y el Fondo Soberano de Pensiones de Noruega. En el estudio realizado se han empleado diversas fuentes de información, tanto nacionales de Noruega (SSB, Norges Bank, Gran Enciclopedia Noruega) como internacionales (Banco Mundial, Eurostat, OEC, Knoema), además de las diferentes noticias informativas y de divulgación referentes al país, que han servido para establecer una relación entre los datos y acontecimientos desarrollados a lo largo del periodo objeto de estudio. Previo al análisis macroeconómico, se realiza una breve introducción del país así como la exposición de los antecedentes del mismo, para comprender mejor la situación y evolución reciente de la economía Noruega. Para iniciar el análisis macroeconómico, en primer lugar se realiza un estudio del PIB y sus componentes, tanto desde la perspectiva de la demanda como de la oferta. En segundo lugar, se tienen en cuenta otras variables consideradas de importancia: las relacionadas con el mercado de trabajo, los precios, los salarios, la balanza de pagos y las finanzas públicas, además de realizar, como hemos mencionado anteriormente, el Fondo de Pensiones noruego. Para finalizar, en el último apartado, se sintetizan las conclusiones y resultados más relevantes del trabajo. <br /

La tributación del arrendamiento de viviedas

En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster de la titulación Gestión Administrativa, el tema escogido a desarrollar es “La tributación del arrendamiento de viviendas”. La elección del tema tiene su razón de ser en el interés de redactar una guía práctica, con la intención de proporcionar la información básica, tanto para el arrendatario como para el arrendador.<br /

Energy versus centrality dependence of the jet quenching parameter q̂ at RHIC and LHC: a new puzzle?

The central goal of jet quenching studies in high-energy nuclear collisions is the characterization of those QCD medium properties that are accessible by these probes. Most of the discussion in the last years has been focused on the determination of the jet quenching parameter, q^ . We present here an extraction of this parameter using data of inclusive particle suppression at RHIC and LHC energies for different centralities. Our approach consists in fitting a K factor that quantifies the departure of this parameter from an ideal estimate, K≡q^/(2ϵ3/4)K≡q^/(2ϵ3/4) , where q^q^ is determined by the local medium quantities as provided by hydrodynamical calculations. We find that this K factor is larger at RHIC than at the LHC, as obtained already in previous analyses, but, surprisingly, it is almost independent of the centrality of the collision. Taken at face value, the K factor would not depend on the local properties of the medium as energy density or temperature, but on global collision quantities such as the center of mass energy. This is a very intriguing, unexpected possibility for which we cannot yet provide a clear interpretation. We also comment on the limitations of the formalism that may affect this conclusionThis research was supported by the European Research Council Grant HotLHC ERC2011-StG-279579; the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA Grant Agreement #318921 (NA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain under project FPA2014-58293-C2-1-P; Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Educación)—the group is part of the Strategic Unit AGRUP2015/11. C. Andrés thanks the Spanish Ministery of Education, Culture and Sports for financial support (Grant FPU2013- 03558)S

La omnicanalidad como medio de homogeneización de la experiencia de compra

Una estrategia que adquiere cada vez más importancia entre las empresas es la omnicanalidad fruto de los cambios que tienen lugar en el entorno, convirtiéndose en un elemento imprescindible para las empresas que persiguen optimizar sus ventas por internet. De forma paralela a los cambios en las empresas, también se han producido cambios en los consumidores que tienen presente ambos canales a la hora de realizar el proceso de decisión de compra. Con este trabajo se pretende analizar esta estrategia en el sector de la moda y complementos en empresas españolas con el fin de dar a conocer las oportunidades que supone esta estrategia para las empresas. Para ello se ha desarrollado una investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas en profundidad que ponen de manifiesto que es una de las estrategias más seguidas por parte de las empresas entrevistada

Swimming behaviour patterns of Carassius auratus and Solea senegalensis at different velocities

Peer Reviewe

Fetal abdominal cysts: Predicting adverse outcomes

Abdominal; Cyst; PerinatalAbdominal; Quist; PerinatalAbdominal; Quiste; PerinatalIntroduction The primary aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with fetal or neonatal loss, neonatal morbidity, and the need for surgery in fetuses diagnosed with an abdominal cyst. The secondary aim was to compare the characteristics of the cyst according to trimester at diagnosis. Material and methods This was an observational retrospective study performed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital. The study included pregnant women aged 18 years or older with diagnosis of a fetal abdominal cyst from 2008 to 2021. Results A total of 82 women with a median gestational age of 31+1 weeks (12+0–39+4) were included in the analysis. Seven (8.5%) cases were diagnosed in the first trimester, 28 (34.1%) in the second trimester, and 47 (57.3%) in the third trimester. Fetal or neonatal loss occurred in 10 (12.2%) cases; significant predictors were diagnosis in the first trimester (OR 36.67, 95% CI: 4.89–274.79), male gender (OR 4.75, 95% CI: 1.13–19.9), and associated abnormalities (OR 15.2, 95% CI: 2.92–79.19). A total of 10 of 75 (13.3%) neonates showed at least one neonatal complication, and the only predictor was occurrence of associated abnormalities (OR 7.36, 95% CI: 1.78–30.51). A total of 16 of 75 (21.3%) neonates required postnatal surgery, and the predictors were second-trimester diagnosis (OR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.23–12.51), associated abnormalities (OR 3.81, 95% CI: 1.15–12.64), and bowel location (OR 10.0, 95% CI: 1.48–67.55). Conclusions Factors associated with adverse outcomes in fetuses diagnosed with abdominal cysts are first-trimester diagnosis and associated abnormalities. Cysts detected in the second trimester and those of intestinal origin are more likely to require surgery

Fetal Transient Skin Edema in Two Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Altres ajuts: Funding was provided for the Gesta-COVID19 Study by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PR(AMI)181/2020) (ISCIII's reference: COV20/00188).Fetal skin edema in the second trimester might be associated with maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The risk of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. Positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and placental tissue have been reported, and immunoglobulin M antibodies have been detected in neonates born to mothers with infection. The first case is a woman at 22 3/7 weeks of gestation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who was admitted to the intensive care unit. In the second case, the patient remained at home with mild symptoms, starting at 20 weeks of gestation. In both cases, fetal skin edema was observed on ultrasound examination while maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results were positive and resolved when maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results became negative. The RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid was negative in both cases. The two pregnancies are ongoing and uneventful. Transient fetal skin edema noted in these two patients with COVID-19 in the second trimester may represent results of fetal infection or altered fetal physiology due to maternal disease or may be unrelated to the maternal illness

Estrogen Receptor-Alpha (ESR1) Governs the Lower Female Reproductive Tract Vulnerability to Candida albicans

Estradiol-based therapies predispose women to vaginal infections. Moreover, it has long been known that neutrophils are absent from the vaginal lumen during the ovulatory phase (high estradiol). However, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil influx to the vagina remain unknown. We investigated the neutrophil transepithelial migration (TEM) into the vaginal lumen. We revealed that estradiol reduces the CD44 and CD47 epithelial expression in the vaginal ectocervix and fornix, which retain neutrophils at the apical epithelium through the estradiol receptor-alpha. In contrast, luteal progesterone increases epithelial expression of CD44 and CD47 to promote neutrophil migration into the vaginal lumen and Candida albicans destruction. Distinctive to vaginal mucosa, neutrophil infiltration is contingent to sex hormones to prevent sperm from neutrophil attack; although it may compromise immunity during ovulation. Thus, sex hormones orchestrate tolerance and immunity in the vaginal lumen by regulating neutrophil TEM.The authors thank the units of flow cytometry, cell culture and statistical analysis. We are grateful to J. Villarejo, M. Fernandez-Garcia, and F. Sanchez-Cobos, for expert help and support. This work was partially supported by Fundacion Mutua Madrilena and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness ISCIII-FIS grants PI13/00269, PI16/00050, and PI17/01324, co-financed by ERDF (FEDER) Funds from the European Commission, ``A way of making Europe.´´ MR holds a Miguel Servet II contract (CPII14/00009). LS-M holds a IiSGM intramural contract.S