Measurement of consensus with a reference

In this work we contribute to the formal analysis of the measurement of consensus in a society. Instead of approaching the topic from an absolute perspective we are concerned with a practical application: the proposal of a decision mechanism with respect to which consensus is measured. Surprisingly this produces a powerful unifying model, a restriction of which is deeply analysed. We also study the axiomatic properties of particular expressions for consensus with various salient social rules as a reference.Consensus; coherence; measurement; Borda rule; Copeland rule

La concepción del derecho a la vida en la Sharía: un enfoque desde las tesis colectivistas

Tesis de maestríaLos derechos humanos, propuestos desde Occidente, no se consideran compatibles con su orientación oriental. El significado que la ley islámica les concede podría relacionarse con una tradición colectiva. Se establece dicha conexión mediante elementos jurídicos, culturales, filosóficos y religiosos. Se examinan nociones esenciales sobre los derechos humanos universales, el colectivismo, el individualismo, y el carácter relativo del derecho a la vida.1. Introducción 2. Nociones sobre los derechos humanos 3. Derechos humanos: universalidad y globalización 4. Los derechos humanos: piedra de discordia entre Oriente y Occidente 5. Individualismo y colectivismo 6. El individualismo y el colectivismo en la formación 7. Significados divergentes de los derechos humanos 8. Concepciones del derecho a la vida 9. El carácter relativo del derecho a la vida 10. La Sharía y la pena de muerte 11. ConclusionesMaestríaMagíster en Derechos Humano

Sistema IoT para monitorización del estado de un centro de proceso de datos de grandes dimensiones

Los Centros de Proceso de Datos (CPD) son grandes instalaciones con centenares de equipos de alto rendimiento funcionando de manera concurrente. El correcto control de parámetros como la temperatura, humedad o consumo energético se convierte en un aspecto clave para un funcionamiento correcto, eficiente y seguro. En este proyecto, se propone el despliegue de una infraestructura compuesta por un elevado número de sensores inalámbricos de bajo consumo y coste en distintos puntos de un CPD de grandes dimensiones siguiendo el paradigma IoT (Internet of Things), controlando y reportando periódicamente distintos parámetros como temperatura, humedad, consumo energético, presencia o humos entre otros. Dicha información será centralizada en un panel de control web que ofrezca una visión integral y en tiempo real del estado del CPD y, bajo ciertas circunstancias, tome de manera automática decisiones que aseguren el correcto funcionamiento del mismo cuando alguno de dichos parámetros supere los límites aceptables. Además, se demuestra la flexibilidad de la solución aplicando el entorno desarrollado a dos escenarios diferentes: la monitorización de una sala fría equipada con un elevado número de servidores; y la monitorización de un laboratorio científico en el ámbito de la Física de Materiales, donde el correcto control de la temperatura resulta clave para la corrección experimental y la seguridad durante el proceso

Dilatometric characterization of pearlite dissolution in 0.1c-0.5mn low carbon low manganese steel

The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC- 7210. EC/939) and the Spanish Comisio´n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a (CICYT-MAT95-1192-CE)Peer reviewe

Kinetics Model of Isothermal Pearlite Formation in a 0.4C-1.6Mn Steel

The present article is concerned with a theoretical and experimental study of the growth kinetics of pearlite in a 0.4C-1.6Mn medium carbon steels. Factors controlling the isothermal formation of this microconstituent are explored in this work. In this sense, the transition temperature between local equilibrium (LE) and no partition local equilibrium (NPLE) growth mechanisms is theoretically determined. Moreover, the nucleation of pearlite has been considered as a cementite precipitation process on a moving austenite-ferrite interface. Finally, a theoretical model is presented in this work to calculate the evolution of austenite-to-pearlite transformation with time at a very wide temperature range.The authors acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a (MAT2001-1617). C. Capdevila would like to express his gratitude to the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifı´cas for financial support as a Post-Doctoral contract (I3P PC-2001-1). F.G. Caballero would like to thank the Consejerı´a de Educacio´n. D.G. de Investigacio´n de la Comunidad Auto´noma de Madrid (CAM) for the financial support in the form of a Postdoctoral Research GrantPeer reviewe

Kinetics Model of Isothermal Pearlite Formation in a 0.4C-1.6Mn Steel

The present article is concerned with a theoretical and experimental study of the growth kinetics of pearlite in a 0.4C-1.6Mn medium carbon steels. Factors controlling the isothermal formation of this microconstituent are explored in this work. In this sense, the transition temperature between local equilibrium (LE) and no partition local equilibrium (NPLE) growth mechanisms is theoretically determined. Moreover, the nucleation of pearlite has been considered as a cementite precipitation process on a moving austenite-ferrite interface. Finally, a theoretical model is presented in this work to calculate the evolution of austenite-to-pearlite transformation with time at a very wide temperature range.The authors acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a (MAT2001-1617). C. Capdevila would like to express his gratitude to the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifı´cas for financial support as a Post-Doctoral contract (I3P PC-2001-1). F.G. Caballero would like to thank the Consejerı´a de Educacio´n. D.G. de Investigacio´n de la Comunidad Auto´noma de Madrid (CAM) for the financial support in the form of a Postdoctoral Research GrantPeer reviewe

Universal geometrical scaling of the elliptic flow

The presence of scaling variables in experimental observables provide very valuable indications of the dynamics underlying a given physical process. In the last years, the search for geometric scaling, that is the presence of a scaling variable which encodes all geometrical information of the collision as well as other external quantities as the total energy, has been very active. This is motivated, in part, for being one of the genuine predictions of the Color Glass Condensate formalism for saturation of partonic densities. Here we extend these previous findings to the case of experimental data on elliptic flow. We find an excellent scaling for all centralities and energies, from RHIC to LHC, with a simple generalization of the scaling previously found for other observables and systems. Interestingly the case of the photons, difficult to reconcile in most formalisms, nicely fit the scaling curve. We discuss the possible interpretations of this finding in terms of initial or final state effects.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys Rev

A New Species of Neoglyptatelus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Late Miocene of Uruguay Provides New Insights on the Evolution of the Dorsal Armor in Cingulates

The genus Neoglyptatelus Carlini, Vizcaíno and Scillato-Yané has been considered a member of Glyptatelinae, a group encompassing the purportedly basal-most glyptodonts. It is up to now represented by two species from Colombia: Neoglyptatelus originalis Carlini, Vizcaíno and Scillato-Yané, from the middle Miocene (a carapace fragment, isolated osteoderms and postcranial bones), and Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus Villarroel and Clavijo, from the middle or late Miocene (a partial carapace and a caudal armor). More scarce material assigned to this genus was recovered from the late Miocene of Uruguay and Brazil. In this article, we describe a new species, Neoglyptatelus uruguayensis, from the late Miocene Camacho Formation, Uruguay, based on an almost complete carapace and several postcranial bones. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on 167 morphological characters (23 new ones and 144 from previous analysis) scored for 19 taxa, encompassing some of the best known glyptodontid genera, one pampathere and four armadillos (including the enigmatic genus Pachyarmatherium Downing and White). In the most parsimonious tree that was obtained, Neoglyptatelus forms a clade with Pachyarmatherium (Pachyarmatheriidae), which is the sister group of the glyptodonts + pampatheres clade; consequently, it is not a glyptodont, as previously believed. This result, together with the known stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Neoglyptatelus and Pachyarmatherium, suggests that this new cingulate clade originated in South America and that Pachyarmatherium reached North America during the Plio--Pleistocene. The carapace of Neoglyptatelus and Pachyarmatherium comprises pelvic and scapular shields overlapping each other without separate intervening transverse mobile bands, an arrangement that differentiates both genera from the remaining cingulates.Fil: Fernicola, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Rinderknecht, Andrés. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; UruguayFil: Jones, Washington. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; UruguayFil: Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Porpino, Kleberson de Oliveira. Universidade Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Norte; Brasi

Incubation time of isothermally transformed allotriomorphic ferrite in medium carbon steels

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Comisio´n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a (CICYT) (project-PETRI 95-0089-OP). GSB Acero S.A. and CEIT are thanked for providing the steel and their collaboration in this projectPeer reviewe