CCIC CASID Research Program : APG bi-annual meeting presentation April 10th

The presentation provides background to the program collaboration between the Canadian Council for International Co-operation (CCIC) and the Canadian Association for the Study of International Development (CASID). The partnership is a three-year program funded by IDRC designed to test and refine models of collaboration between the academic community and practitioners. The aim is to strengthen the Canadian international development continuum

Le patrimoine commun de l'humanité : solution possible à l'anthropocentrisme en droit international de l'environnement?

Ce mémoire étudie la possibilité d'utiliser le patrimoine commun de l'humanité (PCH) afin de transcender l'anthropocentrisme en droit international de l'environnement. La motivation de ce questionnement est apparue en constatant l'absence de corrélation entre la prolifération des accords de protection environnementale relativement à la dégradation actuelle de l'environnement. En étudiant le droit international de l'environnement, le morcellement de la nature apparaît au sein des diverses conventions. Les différents éléments de la nature sont préservés individuellement en omettant fréquemment de penser la protection en terme d'écosystèmes. En effet, la protection de l'environnement est principalement effectuée dans le sillage de la logique de la souveraineté absolue que possèdent les États sur les éléments de la nature qui se trouvent sur leur territoire. Le droit international de l'environnement, quoi qu'essayant d'uniformiser la façon de préserver la nature, est rarement organisé autour de la protection des écosystèmes au sein desquels les éléments naturels évoluent. Si les États reconnaissent leurs frontières, la dégradation de l'environnement, elle, ne s'y attarde pas. Partant du postulat que le droit international de l'environnement est anthropocentrique, nous avons cherché une solution juridique qui pourrait aspirer à soustraire l'anthropocentrisme dans la préservation de la nature sur la scène internationale. Afin de vérifier si le PCH pouvait transcender l'anthropocentrisme, nous avons établi une grille d'analyse bâtie sur diverses éthiques environnementales existantes. Quatre éthiques ont été recensées : l'éthique anthropocentrique, l'éthique de la responsabilité, l'éthique de la social ecology et l'éthique de l'écologie profonde. L'éthique spirituelle sera brièvement abordée sans pour autant faire l'objet d'une analyse approfondie devant son absence de lien avec le PCH. Ce dernier est étudié au regard des différentes éthiques afin d'évaluer s'il peut se détacher de l'anthropocentrisme. Ce mémoire démontre que malgré une certaine scission avec l'anthropocentrisme, l'application du PCH comme vecteur de protection environnementale demande une réinstrumentalisation du concept. Considérant que la protection environnementale n'était pas à l'origine de sa création, diverses théorisations du PCH, comme moyen de gestion des ressources naturelles, sont analysées afin de conclure que malgré l'impossibilité de transcender totalement l'anthropocentrisme en droit international de l'environnement, le PCH offre une avenue se distançant suffisamment de l'anthropocentrisme pour permettre une protection environnementale plus près des intérêts de la nature.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : éthique environnementale, patrimoine commun de l'humanité, droit international de l'environnement, anthropocentrisme, gestion commune des ressources naturelle

La participation locale comme conditionnalité de l’aide ? L’expérience des camps de déplacés en Haïti

La participation locale aux réponses humanitaires ainsi que le rôle des populations affectées font désormais l’objet de nombreuses discussions. Les différentes logiques qui sous-tendent la participation dans les situations de post-urgence peuvent être analysées en fonction de l’application qui en est faite par certaines organisations d’aide, mais aussi de la perception qu’en ont les populations. En outre, le recours au comité de camp comme stratégie de participation a soulevé une série d’enjeux de légitimité et de représentation auxquels les différents acteurs ont tenté de répondre. Dans ce contexte, le modèle de participation érigé en norme par la communauté d’experts humanitaires constitue-t-il une nouvelle forme de conditionnalité de l’aide ? À la lumière d’enquêtes menées en 2012 et 2013 dans les camps de déplacés en Haïti, nous proposons dans cet article d’analyser les logiques participatives en tenant compte des conflits, des contraintes et des résistances qui en résultent au sein des communautés. Pour conduire cette analyse de discours, nous étudions d’une part les normes guidant les pratiques des organisations humanitaires et d’autre part les récits d’entretien avec les bénéficiaires et autres acteurs du camp.The role of affected populations in humanitarian responses as well as the effects of local participation have become the topics of numerous discussions. Participation in post-emergency situations can be analyzed through the strategies applied by aid organizations but also the perceptions of the affected populations. Furthermore, the use of camp committees as a participative strategy has raised several issues of legitimacy and representation, which those active in the aid community have attempted to address. In this context, does the model of local participation erected as a norm by the humanitarian expert community represent a new form of conditionality of aid? Based on interviews conducted in 2012 and 2013, this article will examine the various strategies that were developed in light of the conflicts, constraints, and resistance encountered in internally displaced camps (IDP) in Haiti. This discourse analysis will focus on the main documents describing the norms and practices of aid organizations, as well as several interview narratives from beneficiaries and inhabitants of the camps

Together for development : collaborative partnerships between North American academics and civil society organizations working in global development

A stronger commitment to partnership and cooperation is needed to achieve current Sustainable Development Goals. The presentation explores dimensions of partnerships between Canada and the United States and the differing contexts (public and private sectors) of international development aid. Research funding agencies in both the U.S. and Canada include provisions for collaborative work. Recommendations for these agencies suggest how to foster collaborations between academics and practitioners; how to develop and offer resources that help researchers identify what impact is and how to achieve it; and methods to encourage sharing of information

How do we reach the girls and women who are the hardest to reach? Inequitable opportunities in reproductive and maternal health care services in armed conflict and forced displacement settings in Colombia

Objectives: This paper assesses inequalities in access to reproductive and maternal health services among females affected by forced displacement and sexual and gender-based violence in conflict settings in Colombia. This was accomplished through the following approaches: first, we assessed the gaps and gradients in three selected reproductive and maternal health care services. Second, we analyzed the patterns of inequalities in reproductive and maternal health care services and changes over time. And finally, we identified challenges and strategies for reaching girls and women who are the hardest to reach in conflict settings, in order to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage and to contribute to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of good health and well-being and gender equality by 2030. Methods: Three types of data were required: data about health outcomes (relating to rates of females affected by conflict), information about reproductive and maternal health care services to provide a social dimension to unmask inequalities (unmet needs in family planning, antenatal care and skilled births attendance); and data on the female population. Data sources used include the National Information System for Social Protection, the National Registry of Victims, the National Administrative Department of Statistics, and Demographic Health Survey at three specific time points: 2005, 2010 and 2015. We estimated the slope index of inequality to express absolute inequality (gaps) and the concentration index to expresses relative inequality (gradients), and to understand whether inequality was eliminated over time. Results: Our findings show that even though absolute health care service-related inequalities dropped over time, relative inequalities worsened or remain unchanged. All summary measures still indicated the existence of inequalities as well as common patterns. Our findings suggest that there is a pattern of marginal exclusion and incremental patterns of inequality in the reproductive and maternal health care service provided to female affected by armed conflict. Conclusions: Overall, the effects of conflict continue to threaten reproductive and maternal health in Colombia, impeding progress towards the realization of universal health care (UHC) and reinforcing already-existing inequities. Key messages and steps forward include the need to understand the two distinct patterns of inequalities identified in this study in order to prompt improved general policy responses. Addressing unmet needs in reproductive and maternal health requires supporting gender equality and prioritizing the girls and women in regions with the highest rates of victims of armed conflict, with the objective of leaving no girl or woman behind. This analysis represents the first attempt to analyze coverage-related inequality in reproductive and maternal health care services for female affected by armed conflict in Colombia. As the World Health Organization and global health systems leaders call for more inclusive engagement, this approach may serve as the key to shaping people-centred health systems. In this particular case, health care facilities must be located in close proximity to girls and women in conflict and post-conflict settings in order to deliver essential reproductive and maternal health care services. Finally, reducing inequalities in opportunities would not only promote equity, but also drive sustainable development

Selected health study outcomes and dimensions of inequality.

<p>Selected health study outcomes and dimensions of inequality.</p

Absolute and relative inequalities in reproductive and maternal health care services among females affected by armed conflict in Colombia in 2005, 2010 and 2015 by quintile.

<p>Absolute and relative inequalities in reproductive and maternal health care services among females affected by armed conflict in Colombia in 2005, 2010 and 2015 by quintile.</p

Concentration index in unmet needs in family planning and antenatal care among female affected by armed conflict in Colombia, 2005, 2010, 2015 by deciles.

<p>Concentration index in unmet needs in family planning and antenatal care among female affected by armed conflict in Colombia, 2005, 2010, 2015 by deciles.</p