An overview of migratory birds in Brazil

We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.Fil: Somenzari, Marina. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Cueto, Víctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Guaraldo, André de Camargo. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Jahn, Alex. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Lima, Diego Mendes. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Lima, Pedro Cerqueira. Fundação BioBrasil; BrasilFil: Lugarini, Camile. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Machado, Caio Graco. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Martinez, Jaime. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: do Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Pacheco, José Fernando. Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos; BrasilFil: Paludo, Danielle. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Serafini, Patrícia Pereira. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Silveira, Luís Fábio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: de Sousa, Nathália Alves. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: de Souza, Manuella Andrade. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Whitney, Bret Myers. State University of Louisiana; Estados Unido

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activitie

Posições das mudas de alface nas bandejas de poliestireno e efeitos na normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros na produção de plantas Positions of lettuce seedling on polystyrene trays and effects on normality and homogeneity of the errors in the plant production

A qualidade de um experimento pode ser descrita por intermédio de estatísticas, sendo o erro experimental um dos parâmetros de avaliação dessa qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a interferência de diferentes posições de mudas de alface em bandeja de poliestireno sobre a normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros em experimentos realizados em estufa plástica e em campo. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sendo três no verão (2006-2007) e três no outono-inverno (2007) com a cultura da alface, cultivar Vera. Os tratamentos foram 12 diferentes posições das mudas na bandeja de produção. As variáveis analisadas na produção de mudas e após o transplante aos ambientes foram a fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz e fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, respectivamente. Foram testadas as normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros sendo comparadas às médias de cada tratamento. Há atendimento da homogeneidade e normalidade dos erros para as fitomassas fresca da parte aérea e de raiz de alface nos experimentos com diferentes posições de mudas na bandeja de produção, nos diferentes ambientes e estações sazonais de cultivo. Para a fitomassa seca da parte aérea não há atendimento da homogeneidade e/ou normalidade dos erros nos experimentos no verão, com produção de mudas e de plantas na estufa plástica. Para a fitomassa seca de raiz não há atendimento da normalidade dos erros no experimento no outono-inverno com produção de mudas.The quality of an experiment can be described through statistics, being the experimental error one of the parameters of the evaluation of such quality. The objective of this study was to verify the interference of different positions of lettuce seedlings on polystyrene trays on the normality and homogeneity of the errors in experiments conducted in plastic greenhouse and field. Six experiments were carried out in the Federal University of Santa Maria, being three in the summer (2006-2007) and three in the autumn - winter (2007) with the lettuce crop, cultivar Vera. The treatments were defined by 12 different positions of the seedlings on the tray of production. The analyzed variables in the seedling production and after their transplant to the environments were the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves and roots and the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, respectively. Presuppositions of errors normality and homogeneity were tested being compared to the averages of each treatment. The assumptions of homogeneity and normality of experimental errors were adequate for the leaves and root phytomass of lettuce in experiments with different positions in the tray seedling production, in different environments and cultivation seasons. For the dry phytomass of leaves trere was no adequacy of homogeneity and/or normality of experimental errors in the summer experiments, with seedlings and plants in plastic greenhouse. For the dry phytomass of root there was no adequacy of the assumption of normality of experimental error in the autumn-winter experiment with seedlings

TAMANHO DE PARCELA E NÚMERO DE REPETIÇÕES PARA MAMONEIRA EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS ENTRE PLANTAS

Proper planning of experiments in the culture of castor bean is one of the ways to maximize the research information. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum plot size and number of replications and the influence of spacing between plants in experiments involving castor bean crops. The experiment with the hybrid Sara was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria in 2010 with a spacing of 1.2 m be- tween rows and between plants of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m. Each plant was evaluated taking into account: the number of racemes, fruit weight, the average length of the racemes, and fruit number, with the plant identification by the order number of the row and the number of plants within the row. The optimum plot size is eight plants for all spacings and all variables. However, the area of optimum plot size inside the spacing depends on the area occupied by the basic unit. Thus, the plot area is 3.84, 5.76 and 7.68 m 2 for each spacing of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m, respectively. Twelve replications in randomized block design, are sufficient to identify, as significant at 5% probability, differences between treatment means of 27%

Cirurgia cardíaca videoassistida: 6 anos de experiência Video-assisted cardiac surgery: 6 years of experience

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia cardíaca minimamente invasiva e videoassistida (CCVA) tem aumentado em popularidade nos últimos 15 anos. As pequenas incisões têm sido associadas a um bom efeito estético e menor trauma cirúrgico, consequentemente, menor dor e rápida recuperação pós-operatória. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar nossa casuística com CCVA, após 6 anos de uso do método. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta e seis pacientes foram submetidos à CCVA, após consentimento escrito, entre setembro de 2005 e outubro de 2011, sendo 50% do sexo masculino, com idade de 47,8 ± 15,4 anos, divididos em dois grupos: com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) (GcCEC=105 pacientes): valvopatia mitral (47/105), valvopatia aórtica (39/105) e cardiopatia congênita (19/105) e sem CEC (GsCEC=31 pacientes): ressincronização cardíaca (18/31), tumor cardíaco (4/31) e revascularização miocárdica minimamente invasiva (6/31). No GcCEC, foi realizada minitoracotomia direita (3 a 5 cm) e acesso femoral para canulação periférica. RESULTADOS: No GcCEC, a média de dias em UTI (DUTI) e de internação hospitalar (DH) foi, respectivamente, 2,4 ± 4,5 dias e 5,0 ± 6,8 dias. Doze pacientes apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório e cinco (4,8%) foram a óbito. Noventa e três (88,6%) pacientes evoluíram sem intercorrências, foram extubados no centro cirúrgico, permanecendo 1,8 ± 0,9 DUTI e 3,6 ± 1,3 DH. No GsCEC, foram 1,3 ± 0,7 DUTI e 2,9 ± 1,4 DH, sem intercorrências ou óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados nesta casuística são comparáveis aos da literatura mundial e confirmam o método como opção à técnica convencional.<br>INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive and video-assisted cardiac surgery (VACS) has increased in popularity over the past 15 years. The small incisions have been associated with a good aesthetic effect and less surgical trauma, therefore less postoperative pain and rapid recovery. OBJECTIVES: To present our series with VACS, after 6 years of use of the method. METHODS: 136 patients underwent VACS, after written consent, between September 2005 and October 2011, 50% for men and age of 47.8 ± 15, 4anos, divided into two groups: with cardiopulmonary (CEC) (GcCEC=105 patients): mitral valve disease (47/105), aortic disease (39/105), congenital heart disease (19/105) and without extracorporeal circulation (CEC) (GsCEC=31 patients): cardiac resynchronization (18/ 31), cardiac tumor (4/31) and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (6/31). GcCEC was held in right minithoracotomy (3 to 5 cm) and femoral access to perform cannulation. RESULTS: In GcCEC, mean length of ICU stay and hospital stay were respectively 2.4 ± 4.5 days and 5.0 ± 6.8 days. Twelve patients presented complications in post-operative and five (4.8%) death. Ninety-three (88.6%) patients evolved uneventful, were extubated in operating room, and remained a mean of 1.8 ± 0.9 days in ICU and 3.6±1.3 days in the hospital. In GsCEC, were mean 1.3 ± 0.7 days in ICU and 2.9 ± 1.4 days in hospital and without complications or deaths. CONCLUSION: The results found in this series are comparable to those of world literature and confirm the method as an option the conventional technique

Bone-Marrow Stem Cells and Acellular Human Amniotic Membrane in a Rat Model of Heart Failure

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide and a major cause of heart failure. Recent studies have suggested that cell-based therapies with bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) and human amniotic membrane (hAM) would recover the ventricular function after MI; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still controversial. Herein, we aimed to compare the effects of BMSC and hAM in a rat model of heart failure. MI was induced through coronary occlusion, and animals with an ejection fraction (EF) &lt; 50% were included and randomized into three groups: control, BMSC, and hAM. The BMSC and hAM groups were implanted on the anterior ventricular wall seven days after MI, and a new echocardiographic analysis was performed on the 30th day, followed by euthanasia. The echocardiographic results after 30 days showed significant improvements on EF and left-ventricular end-sistolic and end-diastolic volumes in both BMSC and hAM groups, without significant benefits in the control group. New blood vessels, desmine-positive cells and connexin-43 expression were also elevated in both BMSC and hAM groups. These results suggest a recovery of global cardiac function with the therapeutic use of both BMSC and hAM, associated with angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte regeneration after 30 days

Variância e média da massa de frutos de abobrinha-italiana em múltiplas colheitas Variance and means of zucchini fruit mass in multiple harvests

A variância associada à produção em plantas com colheitas múltiplas nem sempre é homogênea, o que compromete a precisão experimental. Com o objetivo de identificar o comportamento da média e da variância da massa dos frutos de abobrinha-italiana (Curcubita pepo) com o passar das colheitas, entre as linhas de cultivo dentro de cada colheita e entre colheitas, e verificar a interferência de diferentes manejos nesse comportamento, conduziu-se um trabalho nas estações sazonais inverno-primavera (I/P) e verão-outono (V/O) 2004/2005. O experimento foi conduzido em dois túneis (T1 e T2), com três linhas de 25 plantas por túnel, com a cultivar Caserta. Em T1 utilizou-se irrigação por gotejamento, com mulching sobre os camalhões e menor aplicação de biocidas que em T2. Em T2 utilizou-se irrigação por aspersores, colocados a 1,8 m de altura, sem mulching sobre os camalhões. Aplicou-se o teste de Bartlett entre as seis variâncias das linhas de cultivo dentro de cada colheita e entre as variâncias médias das seis linhas para verificar a homogeneidade entre colheitas em cada estação de cultivo. Para comparação das médias de produção de cada linha de cultivo, em cada colheita, dentro de cada túnel, e entre linhas de cultivo, com a mesma posição nos túneis, foi aplicado o teste t. Na estação V/O, as variâncias foram homogêneas em duas das onze colheitas e, na estação I/P, em dez das treze colheitas, sendo que em ambas as estações houve maior homogeneidade das variâncias na primeira metade do ciclo. Na estação V/O, as variâncias em T1 foram, de modo geral, menores em todo o ciclo. Nas duas estações houve heterogeneidade na variância entre colheitas. Na estação V/O, ocorreram diferenças significativas em seis e três colheitas, respectivamente em T1 e T2, com as médias de produção atingindo 481,0 em T1 e 454,0 g planta-1 em T2. Na estação I/P ocorreram diferenças de produção na primeira (T1) e quarta e quinta colheitas (T2), com as médias atingindo 598,2 (T1) e 597,4 g planta-1 (T2).<br>The variance associated to the production of plants with multiple harvests is not always homogeneous, what compromises the experimental precision. To address this issue, in this work we identified (1) the behavior of the means and variance for fruit mass in zucchini (Curcubita pepo) along harvests, between planting rows within and betweens harvests, and (2) the interference of different crop managements over these parameters. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, winter-spring (I/P) and summer-autumn (V/O), 2004/2005, using cultivar Caserta and two plastic tunnels (T1 and T2), with three 25-plant rows in each tunnel. In T1, drip irrigation was used, combined with mulching over the ridges, and less biocide spraying than in T2. In T2, sprinkler irrigation was used, placed 1,8 m height, without mulching. The Bartlett test was applied to the six planting row variances within each harvest and to the average variance of each row to check the homogeneity between harvests in each crop season. The t test was used to compare the production means in each planting row, in each harvest, in each tunnel, and also between planting rows, for plants with the same position in the tunnel. In the V/O season, variances were homogeneous in two out of the eleven harvests. In season I/P, variances were homogeneous in ten of the thirteen harvests. In both seasons, variance homogeneity was higher in the first half of the cycle. In V/O, variances in T1 were in general smaller than in T2 in the whole cycle. In both seasons there was variance heterogeneity between harvests. In V/O, significant differences were observed in six and three harvests, respectively in T1 and T2, with production means reaching 481.0 and 454.0 g plant-1 T1 and T2, respectively. In I/P, significant differences were observed in the first (T1) and fourth and fifth harvests (T2), with the means for fruit mass reaching 598.2 (T1) and 597.4 g plant-1 (T2)