Topografia e variabilidade espacial de propriedades físicas do solo

O relevo é um dos fatores de formação do solo mais usados em mapeamento de solos devido sua forte correlação com a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo na paisagem. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre topografia e a variabilidade espacial de algumas propriedades físicas de solos. Em uma pastagem com 2,84 ha instalou-se uma grade regular com espaçamento de 20 m, nas proximidades de Seropédica, RJ, onde cada ponto de amostragem foi georreferenciado. Em cada ponto de amostragem foi medida a altitude e foram coletadas amostras indeformadas nas profundidades de 0,0-0,1; 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. Determinaram-se os teores de carbono, textura, densidade do solo e das partículas e retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa. Estatística descritiva foi usada para avaliar a tendência central e a dispersão dos dados. Semivariogramas simples e cruzados foram usados para avaliar a variabilidade espacial da altitude, e dos atributos físicos do solo, bem como a relação entre altitude e atributos físicos do solo. Com exceção da fração silte (nas três profundidades), densidade do solo (0,2-0,3 m) e densidade das partículas (0,0-0,1 m), todos os atributos apresentaram forte dependência espacial. Encontraram-se maiores teores de argila, bem como de retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa, nas cotas mais elevadas. A correlação entre altitude e atributos físicos decresceu com o aumento da profundidade. Os semivariogramas cruzados comprovaram a viabilidade do uso da altitude, por cokrigagem, para aperfeiçoar a interpolação de areia e argila na camada de 0.0-0.3 m, e de retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa na camada de 0.0-0.2 m.Among the soil formation factors, relief is one of the most used in soil mapping, because of its strong correlation with the spatial variability of soil attributes over a landscape. In this study the relationship between topography and the spatial variability of some soil physical properties was evaluated. The study site, a pasture with 2.84 ha, is located near Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, where a regular square grid with 20 m spacing was laid out and georreferenced. In each sampling point, altitude was measured and undisturbed soil samples were collected, at 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.3 m depths. Organic carbon content, soil texture, bulk density, particle density, and soil water retention at 10 (Field Capacity), 80 (limit of tensiometer reading) and 1500 kPa (Permanent Wilting Point) were determined. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate central tendency and dispersion parameters of the data. Semivariograms and cross semivariograms were calculated to evaluate the spatial variability of elevation and soil physical attributes, as well as, the relation between elevation and soil physical attributes. Except for silt fraction content (at the three depths), bulk density (at 0.2-0.3 m) and particle density (at 0.0-0.1 m depth), all soil attributes showed a strong spatial dependence. Areas with higher elevation presented higher values of clay content, as well as soil water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa. The correlation between altitude and soil physical attributes decreased as soil depth increased. The cross semivariograms demonstrated the viability in using altitude as an auxiliary variable to improve the interpolation of sand and clay contents at the depth of 0.0-0.3 m, and of water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa at the depth of 0.0-0.2 m

Asymmetric dimethyl arginine in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp)

Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, Brazil.Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, Brazil.Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, Brazil.Federal Fluminense University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Clinic and Animal Reproduction). Niterói, RJ, Brazil.Only four of 40 animals had measurable asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels. The young primate had the lowest value (53.4 ng/ml) when compared with the two adults (218.8 ± 9.3 ng/ml) and the elderly one (320.5 ng/ml). The ADMA levels in this study may relate to the echocardiographic abnormalities found, and possible hypertensive individuals

X-ray Fluorescence With Synchrotron Radiation To Elemental Analysis Of Lead And Calcium Content Of Primary Teeth.

Primary teeth were analyzed by micro-SRXRF. The aim of this study was to determine the elemental distribution of lead and calcium in different regions of primary incisor of children living in a notoriously contaminated area (Santo Amaro da Purificação, Bahia State, Brazil). The measurements were performed in standard geometry of 45 degrees incidence, exciting with a white beam and using a conventional system collimation (orthogonal slits) in the XRF beamline at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil).6871-

Topography and spatial variability of soil physical properties Topografia e variabilidade espacial de propriedades físicas do solo

Among the soil formation factors, relief is one of the most used in soil mapping, because of its strong correlation with the spatial variability of soil attributes over a landscape. In this study the relationship between topography and the spatial variability of some soil physical properties was evaluated. The study site, a pasture with 2.84 ha, is located near Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, where a regular square grid with 20 m spacing was laid out and georreferenced. In each sampling point, altitude was measured and undisturbed soil samples were collected, at 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.3 m depths. Organic carbon content, soil texture, bulk density, particle density, and soil water retention at 10 (Field Capacity), 80 (limit of tensiometer reading) and 1500 kPa (Permanent Wilting Point) were determined. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate central tendency and dispersion parameters of the data. Semivariograms and cross semivariograms were calculated to evaluate the spatial variability of elevation and soil physical attributes, as well as, the relation between elevation and soil physical attributes. Except for silt fraction content (at the three depths), bulk density (at 0.2-0.3 m) and particle density (at 0.0-0.1 m depth), all soil attributes showed a strong spatial dependence. Areas with higher elevation presented higher values of clay content, as well as soil water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa. The correlation between altitude and soil physical attributes decreased as soil depth increased. The cross semivariograms demonstrated the viability in using altitude as an auxiliary variable to improve the interpolation of sand and clay contents at the depth of 0.0-0.3 m, and of water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa at the depth of 0.0-0.2 m.<br>O relevo é um dos fatores de formação do solo mais usados em mapeamento de solos devido sua forte correlação com a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo na paisagem. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre topografia e a variabilidade espacial de algumas propriedades físicas de solos. Em uma pastagem com 2,84 ha instalou-se uma grade regular com espaçamento de 20 m, nas proximidades de Seropédica, RJ, onde cada ponto de amostragem foi georreferenciado. Em cada ponto de amostragem foi medida a altitude e foram coletadas amostras indeformadas nas profundidades de 0,0-0,1; 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. Determinaram-se os teores de carbono, textura, densidade do solo e das partículas e retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa. Estatística descritiva foi usada para avaliar a tendência central e a dispersão dos dados. Semivariogramas simples e cruzados foram usados para avaliar a variabilidade espacial da altitude, e dos atributos físicos do solo, bem como a relação entre altitude e atributos físicos do solo. Com exceção da fração silte (nas três profundidades), densidade do solo (0,2-0,3 m) e densidade das partículas (0,0-0,1 m), todos os atributos apresentaram forte dependência espacial. Encontraram-se maiores teores de argila, bem como de retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa, nas cotas mais elevadas. A correlação entre altitude e atributos físicos decresceu com o aumento da profundidade. Os semivariogramas cruzados comprovaram a viabilidade do uso da altitude, por cokrigagem, para aperfeiçoar a interpolação de areia e argila na camada de 0.0-0.3 m, e de retenção de água a 10, 80 e 1500 kPa na camada de 0.0-0.2 m

Bioenergia: desenvolvimento, pesquisa e inovação

Com 27 trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores do Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Bioen), da Unesp, este livro oferece uma ampla visão sobre as áreas que compõem o segmento. Seu principal objetivo é contribuir para melhorar a compreensão dos vários aspectos da bioenergia, em especial no Brasil, que figura entre os países com maior nível de desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor. Os artigos abordam uma série abrangente de questões relacionadas à bioenergia, como a construção genética das plantas de cana-de-açúcar visando ao aumento de produtividade, a disseminação de sementes para estimular a propagação de espécies com potencial energético, etapas de produção de bioenergia, usos do combustível e seus efeitos nos diversos tipos de motores. Agrupados por assunto, os textos estão distribuídos em cinco partes: Biomassa para bioenergia; Produção de biocombustíveis; Utilização de bioenergia; Biorrefinaria, alcoolquímica e oleoquímica e Sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit