21,052 research outputs found
Magnetic neutron star equilibria with stratification and type-II superconductivity
We construct two-fluid equilibrium configurations for neutron stars with
magnetic fields, using a self-consistent and nonlinear numerical approach. The
two-fluid approach - likely to be valid for large regions of all but the
youngest NSs - provides us with a straightforward way to introduce
stratification and allows for more realistic models than the ubiquitous
barotropic assumption. In all our models the neutrons are modelled as a
superfluid, whilst for the protons we consider two cases: one where they are a
normal fluid and another where they form a type-II superconductor. We consider
a variety of field configurations in the normal-proton case and purely toroidal
fields in the superconducting case. We find that stratification allows for a
stronger toroidal component in mixed-field configurations, though the poloidal
component remains the largest in all our models. We provide quantitative
results for magnetic ellipticities of NSs, both in the normal- and
superconducting-proton cases.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures; some minor changes to match published versio
Dynamical excitation of space-time modes of compact objects
We discuss, in the perturbative regime, the scattering of Gaussian pulses of
odd-parity gravitational radiation off a non-rotating relativistic star and a
Schwarzschild Black Hole. We focus on the excitation of the -modes of the
star as a function of the width of the pulse and we contrast it with the
outcome of a Schwarzschild Black Hole of the same mass. For sufficiently narrow
values of , the waveforms are dominated by characteristic space-time modes.
On the other hand, for sufficiently large values of the backscattered
signal is dominated by the tail of the Regge-Wheeler potential, the
quasi-normal modes are not excited and the nature of the central object cannot
be established. We view this work as a useful contribution to the comparison
between perturbative results and forthcoming -mode 3D-nonlinear numerical
simulation.Comment: RevTeX, 9 pages, 7 figures, Published in Phys. Rev.
Relativistic Two-stream Instability
We study the (local) propagation of plane waves in a relativistic,
non-dissipative, two-fluid system, allowing for a relative velocity in the
"background" configuration. The main aim is to analyze relativistic two-stream
instability. This instability requires a relative flow -- either across an
interface or when two or more fluids interpenetrate -- and can be triggered,
for example, when one-dimensional plane-waves appear to be left-moving with
respect to one fluid, but right-moving with respect to another. The dispersion
relation of the two-fluid system is studied for different two-fluid equations
of state: (i) the "free" (where there is no direct coupling between the fluid
densities), (ii) coupled, and (iii) entrained (where the fluid momenta are
linear combinations of the velocities) cases are considered in a
frame-independent fashion (eg. no restriction to the rest-frame of either
fluid). As a by-product of our analysis we determine the necessary conditions
for a two-fluid system to be causal and absolutely stable and establish a new
constraint on the entrainment.Comment: 15 pages, 2 eps-figure
A detailed study of quasinormal frequencies of the Kerr black hole
We compute the quasinormal frequencies of the Kerr black hole using a
continued fraction method. The continued fraction method first proposed by
Leaver is still the only known method stable and accurate for the numerical
determination of the Kerr quasinormal frequencies. We numerically obtain not
only the slowly but also the rapidly damped quasinormal frequencies and analyze
the peculiar behavior of these frequencies at the Kerr limit. We also calculate
the algebraically special frequency first identified by Chandrasekhar and
confirm that it coincide with the quasinormal frequency only at the
Schwarzschild limit.Comment: REVTEX, 15 pages, 7 eps figure
Shell sources as a probe of relativistic effects in neutron star models
A perturbing shell is introduced as a device for studying the excitation of
fluid motions in relativistic stellar models. We show that this approach allows
a reasonably clean separation of radiation from the shell and from fluid
motions in the star, and provides broad flexibility in the location and
timescale of perturbations driving the fluid motions. With this model we
compare the relativistic and Newtonian results for the generation of even
parity gravitational waves from constant density models. Our results suggest
that relativistic effects will not be important in computations of the
gravitational emission except possibly in the case of excitation of the neutron
star on very short time scales.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX with 6 eps figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
The Cosmological Time Function
Let be a time oriented Lorentzian manifold and the Lorentzian
distance on . The function is the cosmological
time function of , where as usual means that is in the causal
past of . This function is called regular iff for all
and also along every past inextendible causal curve. If the
cosmological time function of a space time is regular it has
several pleasant consequences: (1) It forces to be globally hyperbolic,
(2) every point of can be connected to the initial singularity by a
rest curve (i.e., a timelike geodesic ray that maximizes the distance to the
singularity), (3) the function is a time function in the usual sense, in
particular (4) is continuous, in fact locally Lipschitz and the second
derivatives of exist almost everywhere.Comment: 19 pages, AEI preprint, latex2e with amsmath and amsth
Advanced ceramic coating development for industrial/utility gas turbine applications
The effects of ceramic coatings on the lifetimes of metal turbine components and on the performance of a utility turbine, as well as of the turbine operational cycle on the ceramic coatings were determined. When operating the turbine under conditions of constant cooling flow, the first row blades run 55K cooler, and as a result, have 10 times the creep rupture life, 10 times the low cycle fatigue life and twice the corrosion life with only slight decreases in both specific power and efficiency. When operating the turbine at constant metal temperature and reduced cooling flow, both specific power and efficiency increases, with no change in component lifetime. The most severe thermal transient of the turbine causes the coating bond stresses to approach 60% of the bond strengths. Ceramic coating failures was studied. Analytic models based on fracture mechanics theories, combined with measured properties quantitatively assessed both single and multiple thermal cycle failures which allowed the prediction of coating lifetime. Qualitative models for corrosion failures are also presented
Excitation of the odd-parity quasi-normal modes of compact objects
The gravitational radiation generated by a particle in a close unbounded
orbit around a neutron star is computed as a means to study the importance of
the modes of the neutron star. For simplicity, attention is restricted to
odd parity (``axial'') modes which do not couple to the neutron star's fluid
modes. We find that for realistic neutron star models, particles in unbounded
orbits only weakly excite the modes; we conjecture that this is also the
case for astrophysically interesting sources of neutron star perturbations. We
also find that for cases in which there is significant excitation of quadrupole
modes, there is comparable excitation of higher multipole modes.Comment: 18 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for carcass and meat quality traits in a wild boar x Large White intercross
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