A comparison of the UK Standard Assessment Procedure and detailed simulation of solar energy systems for dwellings

The drive to reduce worldwide Carbon Emissions directly associated with dwellings and to achieve a zero carbon home dictates that Renewable Energy Technologies will have an increasingly large role in the built environment. Created by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the UK Government's approved methodology for assessing the energy ratings of dwellings. This paper presents an evaluation of the advantage given to SAP ratings by the domestic installation of typical Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) systems in the UK. Comparable PV and SDHW systems will also be simulated with more detailed modelling packages. Results suggest that calculation variances can exist between the SAP methodology and detailed simulation methods, especially for higher performance systems that deviate from the default efficiency parameters

The fossil content of the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation, South Africa

The present paper is essentially drawn, with a few additions (the insects in particular) and changes, from the section on the Molteno Formation in the book Prodromus of South African megafloras: Devonian to L. Cretaceous currently in press (Anderson and Anderson 1984). The repetition is justified by the nature and scope of this Haughton Memorial Volume- an attempt to bring together a series of papers giving a general overview of the 'Stormberg Series' (Molteno to Drakensberg formations). We are in the process of preparing a series of volumes on the palaeoflora of the Molteno Formation. These are based primarily on our own collections begun in 1967 and now amounting to 15 500 catalogued slabs from 74 assemblages. The first volume has been published (Anderson and Anderson 1983a) and provides an interim synthesis of the megaflora to species level as well as a detailed taxonomic account of Dicroidium, the dominant most diverse element. For further detail and clarification of aspects of the paper presented here the above mentioned volumes should be consulted

A preliminary review of the biostratigraphy of the uppermost Permian, Triassic and lowermost Jurassic of Gondwanaland

Main articleThis review pager was born out of a desire to visualize in some detail the picture of the evolving Gondwana Triassic landscape and the story of life and ecology upon it; a desire to provide a general setting in which to view the details of the work in which we are actively involved at the present-the macro flora (H.M.A.) and microflora (J. M.A.) of the Molteno 'Formation' of the Karroo Basin of South Africa.Non

A Workload Analysis Formula to Increase the Retention of Special Education Teachers in Minnesota

This starred paper consists of reviews of published and unpublished literature, a review of another district’s workload analysis formula, and results of implementing that workload formula in three elementary schools’ workload. The review completed of the three rural elementary schools consisted of six different teachers working with students that meet criteria of Specific Learning Disabilities, Emotional and/or Behavioral Disorders, Other Health Disabilities, and some Autism Spectrum Disorders. The review did not include students in special programs or speech only

A Fast Computational Module for the Calculation of Equilibrium State Variables and Sonic Speeds in Chemically Reacting Air, for Applications in CFD. G.U. Aero Report 9206

This report presents a fast technique for calculating the equilibrium thermochemical state of air at high temperatures. The method has been developed for applications in computational fluid dynamics. A six species, three reaction air model is considered, with ionisation of the primary species neglected as a concession to reduced computing times. Both curve fits and statistical expressions are considered for the calculation of the species thermodynamic properties in the range 200 K to 15 000 K. Curve fits are selected as the more efficient technique for evaluating these properties at high temperatures. The temperature range is subdivided into three regions and distinct models for the thermochemical behaviour of air are solved in each region to give the concentrations of the six species. The species properties and concentrations are then used to compute the specific properties of the mixture. The equilibrium and frozen speeds of sound are also calculated. A technique for inverting the state equations is then developed to allow the method to be applied to finite difference algorithms for air flow problems. The scheme is validated against curve fit data and Mollier charts for the high temperature properties of equilibrium air

Finiteness, subjunctives, and negation in English

This paper pursues the analysis of finiteness and subjunctives in English proposed in Anderson (2001b), in the context of the approach to finiteness adopted in Anderson (1997, 2001a, 2006b, 2007). Thus it defends the position that the Present-day English subjunctive is non-finite, if finiteness is equated with the capacity to license independent sentencehood. In particular, I present here some further evidence for such an analysis deriving from the syntax of negation. Specifically, the position of the negative with the “present” subjunctive is the position associated with the negating of a non-finite form. And positional behaviour under negation is also in accord with the idea that the subjunctive “periphrasis” with should, as well as the “past subjunctive” is also non-finite. The phenomena addressed are incompatible, however, with definitions of finiteness based on the presence of particular morphological categories

Inlets, ducts, and nozzles

The internal fluid mechanics research program in inlets, ducts, and nozzles consists of a balanced effort between the development of computational tools (both parabolized Navier-Stokes and full Navier-Stokes) and the conduct of experimental research. The experiments are designed to better understand the fluid flow physics, to develop new or improved flow models, and to provide benchmark quality data sets for validation of the computational methods. The inlet, duct, and nozzle research program is described according to three major classifications of flow phenomena: (1) highly 3-D flow fields; (2) shock-boundary-layer interactions; and (3) shear layer control. Specific examples of current and future elements of the research program are described for each of these phenomenon. In particular, the highly 3-D flow field phenomenon is highlighted by describing the computational and experimental research program in transition ducts having a round-to-rectangular area variation. In the case of shock-boundary-layer interactions, the specific details of research for normal shock-boundary-layer interactions are described. For shear layer control, research in vortex generators and the use of aerodynamic excitation for enhancement of the jet mixing process are described