988 research outputs found
Thrombolysis in very elderly people: controlled comparison of SITS international stroke thrombolysis registry and virtual international stroke trials archive
<p>Objective To assess effect of age on response to alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke.</p>
<p>Design Adjusted controlled comparison of outcomes between non-randomised patients who did or did not undergo thrombolysis. Analysis used Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and proportional odds logistic regression analysis.</p>
<p>Setting Collaboration between International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry (SITS-ISTR) and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA).</p>
<p>Participants 23 334 patients from SITS-ISTR (December 2002 to November 2009) who underwent thrombolysis and 6166 from VISTA neuroprotection trials (1998-2007) who did not undergo thrombolysis (as controls). Of the 29 500 patients (3472 aged >80 (“elderly,” mean 84.6), data on 272 patients were missing for baseline National Institutes of Health stroke severity score, leaving 29 228 patients for analysis adjusted for age and baseline severity.</p>
<p>Main outcome measures Functional outcomes at 90 days measured by score on modified Rankin scale.</p>
<p>Results Median severity at baseline was the same for patients who underwent thrombolysis and controls (median baseline stroke scale score: 12 for each group, P=0.14; n=29 228). The distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale was better among all thrombolysis patients than controls (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 1.7; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel P<0.001). The association occurred independently among patients aged ≤80 (1.6, 1.5 to 1.7; P<0.001; n=25 789) and in those aged >80 (1.4, 1.3 to 1.6; P0.001; n=3439). Odds ratios were consistent across all 10 year age ranges above 30, and benefit was significant from age 41 to 90; dichotomised outcomes (score on modified Rankin scale 0-1 v 2-6; 0-2 v 3-6; and 6 (death) v rest) were consistent with the results of the ordinal analysis.</p>
<p>Conclusions Outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke is significantly better in those who undergo thrombolysis compared with those who do not. Increasing age is associated with poorer outcome but the association between thrombolysis treatment and improved outcome is maintained in very elderly people. Age alone should not be a barrier to treatment.</p>
Pinning of stripes by local structural distortions in cuprate high-Tc superconductors
We study the spin-density wave (stripe) instability in lattices with mixed
low-temperature orthorhombic (LTO) and low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) crystal
symmetry. Within an explicit mean-field model it is shown how local LTT regions
act as pinning centers for static stripe formation. We calculate the
modulations in the local density of states near these local stripe regions and
find that mainly the coherence peaks and the van Hove singularity (VHS) are
spatially modulated. Lastly, we use the real-space approach to simulate recent
tunneling data in the overdoped regime where the VHS has been detected by
utilizing local normal state regions.Comment: Conference proceedings for Stripes1
Cholesterol-Induced Protein Sorting: An Analysis of Energetic Feasibility
AbstractThe mechanism(s) underlying the sorting of integral membrane proteins between the Golgi complex and the plasma membrane remain uncertain because no specific Golgi retention signal has been found. Moreover one can alter a protein's eventual localization simply by altering the length of its transmembrane domain (TMD). M. S. Bretscher and S. Munro (Science. 261:1280–1281, 1993) therefore proposed a physical sorting mechanism based on the hydrophobic match between the proteins’ TMD and the bilayer thickness, in which cholesterol would regulate protein sorting by increasing the lipid bilayer thickness. In this model, Golgi proteins with short TMDs would be excluded from cholesterol-enriched domains (lipid rafts) that are incorporated into transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane. Although attractive, this model remains unproven. We therefore evaluated the energetic feasibility of a cholesterol-dependent sorting process using the theory of elastic liquid crystal deformations. We show that the distribution of proteins between cholesterol-enriched and cholesterol-poor bilayer domains can be regulated by cholesterol-induced changes in the bilayer physical properties. Changes in bilayer thickness per se, however, have only a modest effect on sorting; the major effect arises because cholesterol changes also the bilayer material properties, which augments the energetic penalty for incorporating short TMDs into cholesterol-enriched domains. We conclude that cholesterol-induced changes in the bilayer physical properties allow for effective and accurate sorting which will be important generally for protein partitioning between different membrane domains
Lacunar fractal photon sieves
We present a new family of diffractive lenses whose structure is based on the
combination of two concepts: photon sieve and fractal zone plates with variable
lacunarity. The focusing properties of different members of this family are
examined. It is shown that the sieves provide a smoothing effect on the higher
order foci of a conventional lacunar fractal zone plate. However, the
characteristic self-similar axial response of the fractal zone plates is always
preserved.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Fuel Optimization in Multiple Diesel Driven Generator Power Plants
This paper presents two fuel optimization approaches for independent power producer (IPP) power plants consisting of multiple diesel driven generator sets (DGs). The optimization approaches utilize assumed information about the fuel consumption characteristics of each DG in an effort to demonstrate the potential benefits of acquiring such information. Reasonable variations in fuel consumption characteristics are based on measurements of a DG during restricted air filter flow operation. The two approaches are: (i) a gradient search approach capable of finding the optimal power generation for each DG in a fixed selection of DGs accommodating a given plant power reference and (ii) a genetic algorithm approach further capable of determining the optimal selection of DGs to operate in an IPP power plant. Both approaches show notable potential benefits, in terms of fuel savings, compared to current market-leading solutions
Fuel Optimization in Multiple Diesel Driven Generator Power Plants
This paper presents two fuel optimization approaches for independent power producer (IPP) power plants consisting of multiple diesel driven generator sets (DGs). The optimization approaches utilize assumed information about the fuel consumption characteristics of each DG in an effort to demonstrate the potential benefits of acquiring such information. Reasonable variations in fuel consumption characteristics are based on measurements of a DG during restricted air filter flow operation. The two approaches are: (i) a gradient search approach capable of finding the optimal power generation for each DG in a fixed selection of DGs accommodating a given plant power reference and (ii) a genetic algorithm approach further capable of determining the optimal selection of DGs to operate in an IPP power plant. Both approaches show notable potential benefits, in terms of fuel savings, compared to current market-leading solutions
Sputtering yields exceeding 1000 by 80keV Xe irradiation of Au nanorods
Using experiments and computer simulations, we find that 80 keV Xe ion irradiation of Au nanorods can produce sputtering yields exceeding 1000, which to our knowledge are the highest yields reported for sputtering by single ions in the nuclear collision regime. This value is enhanced by more than an order of magnitude compared to the same irradiation of flat Au surfaces. Using MD simulations, we show that the very high yield can be understood as a combination of enhanced yields due to low incoming angles at the sides of the nanowire, as well as the high surface-to-volume ratio causing enhanced explosive sputtering from heat spikes. We also find, both in experiments and simulations, that channeling has a strong effect on the sputtering yield: if the incoming beam happens to be aligned with a crystal axis of the nanorod, the yield can decrease to about 100
Pinning of a solid--liquid--vapour interface by stripes of obstacles
We use a macroscopic Hamiltonian approach to study the pinning of a
solid--liquid--vapour contact line on an array of equidistant stripes of
obstacles perpendicular to the liquid. We propose an estimate of the density of
pinning stripes for which collective pinning of the contact line happens. This
estimate is shown to be in good agreement with Langevin equation simulation of
the macroscopic Hamiltonian. Finally we introduce a 2--dimensional mean field
theory which for small strength of the pinning stripes and for small capillary
length gives an excellent description of the averaged height of the contact
line.Comment: Plain tex, 12 pages, 3 figures available upon reques
Analysing the Control Software of the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider
The control software of the CERN Compact Muon Solenoid experiment contains
over 30,000 finite state machines. These state machines are organised
hierarchically: commands are sent down the hierarchy and state changes are sent
upwards. The sheer size of the system makes it virtually impossible to fully
understand the details of its behaviour at the macro level. This is fuelled by
unclarities that already exist at the micro level. We have solved the latter
problem by formally describing the finite state machines in the mCRL2 process
algebra. The translation has been implemented using the ASF+SDF
meta-environment, and its correctness was assessed by means of simulations and
visualisations of individual finite state machines and through formal
verification of subsystems of the control software. Based on the formalised
semantics of the finite state machines, we have developed dedicated tooling for
checking properties that can be verified on finite state machines in isolation.Comment: To appear in FSEN'11. Extended version with details of the ASF+SDF
translation of SML into mCRL
Magnetotransport near a quantum critical point in a simple metal
We use geometric considerations to study transport properties, such as the
conductivity and Hall coefficient, near the onset of a nesting-driven spin
density wave in a simple metal. In particular, motivated by recent experiments
on vanadium-doped chromium, we study the variation of transport coefficients
with the onset of magnetism within a mean-field treatment of a model that
contains nearly nested electron and hole Fermi surfaces. We show that most
transport coefficients display a leading dependence that is linear in the
energy gap. The coefficient of the linear term, though, can be small. In
particular, we find that the Hall conductivity is essentially
unchanged, due to electron-hole compensation, as the system goes through the
quantum critical point. This conclusion extends a similar observation we made
earlier for the case of completely flat Fermi surfaces to the immediate
vicinity of the quantum critical point where nesting is present but not
perfect.Comment: 11 pages revtex, 4 figure
- …