3,285 research outputs found
Unseen, Unheard: a Qualitative Analysis of Womenâs Experiences of Exclusively Expressing Breast Milk
Background
Breast milk feeding has numerous benefits for women and infants. Positive maternal experiences with breast milk feeding impacts exclusivity, duration, and maternal mental health. Most research focuses on women feeding directly at the breast. Some women elect to feed exclusively expressed milk to their healthy, term infants rather than feed directly at the breast. Little is known about what constitutes a positive experience among this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore womenâs experiences of exclusive expression (EE). Methods
Interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams to collect qualitative data from a purposive sample of 21 women practicing EE. Interviews were analyzed for themes. Results
Three themes: Unseen and Unheard, Doing it My Way, and Getting into the Groove, and 8 subthemes: Breast is Best, Missed Opportunities for Healthcare Provider Support, Fighting for it, What Works for Us, A Sense of Control, Preparation, Tricks of the Trade, and Making it Manageable were identified. Despite challenges, including a lack of support from healthcare providers and a lack of acknowledgement as breastfeeding mothers, exclusive expression offered participants a method to continue breast milk feeding in a way that they found to be satisfying. Conclusion
This study provides insight into experiences of exclusive expression that clinicians can use to improve their support of breast milk feeding during perinatal encounters. Societal pressure to feed from the breast may have negative emotional consequences for women electing to exclusively express. There is a need for more information and support for breast milk expression from healthcare providers along with a reframing of how breast milk feeding is discussed and promoted
The anti-civic effects of popular culture on American teenagers
Civic participation and civic awareness is essential to the
maintenance of American democracy. Strong civic communities
serve to promote prosperity, ensure the resolution of
collective problems, and act as a check upon the power of
the state. But in 2002, there is little doubt that, across a wide
range of indicators, Americaâs civic culture is in decline.
Voting rates have fallen rapidly over the past several decades,
and so too has trust in government. Equally troubling
Ec002
Massachusetts Department
of Education
[email protected]
Massachusetts Department
of Education
Massachusetts Department
of Education
Massachusetts Department
of Education
[email protected]
Anders Lewis
Jennifer Butler
Melanie
Winklosky
Sandra Stotsky
ESE NÂș002 2002
is the disconcerting dearth of civic knowledge among American
youths and the drop in participation, among all Americans,
in numerous civic organizations, from church-affiliated
groups to voluntary and fraternal organizations as
well as womenâs auxiliaries and unions. There are many causes
for these trends. This paper examines how popular culture
affects civic participation and civic awareness among a
group of particularly active teenagers in Massachusetts. We
found that popular culture has a generally negative influence
on civic life but that its effects are not one-sided
and that it can be mitigated by strong families and quality
schools committed to an academic and civic education
A Randomized Trial of Effects of Health Risk Appraisal Combined With Group Sessions or Home Visits on Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults
Background. To explore effects of a health risk appraisal for older people (HRA-O) program with reinforcement, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in 21 general practices in Hamburg, Germany. Methods. Overall, 2,580 older patients of 14 general practitioners trained in reinforcing recommendations related to HRA-O-identified risk factors were randomized into intervention (n = 878) and control (n = 1,702) groups. Patients (n = 746) of seven additional matched general practitioners who did not receive this training served as a comparison group. Patients allocated to the intervention group, and their general practitioners, received computer-tailored written recommendations, and patients were offered the choice between interdisciplinary group sessions (geriatrician, physiotherapist, social worker, and nutritionist) and home visits (nurse). Results. Among the intervention group, 580 (66%) persons made use of personal reinforcement (group sessions: 503 [87%], home visits: 77 [13%]). At 1-year follow-up, persons in the intervention group had higher use of preventive services (eg, influenza vaccinations, adjusted odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.1) and more favorable health behavior (eg, high fruit/fiber intake, odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.6-2.6), as compared with controls. Comparisons between intervention and comparison group data revealed similar effects, suggesting that physician training alone had no effect. Subgroup analyses indicated favorable effects for HRA-O with personal reinforcement, but not for HRA-O without reinforcement. Conclusions. HRA-O combined with physician training and personal reinforcement had favorable effects on preventive care use and health behavio
Tracing chemical evolution over the extent of the Milky Way's Disk with APOGEE Red Clump Stars
We employ the first two years of data from the near-infrared, high-resolution
SDSS-III/APOGEE spectroscopic survey to investigate the distribution of
metallicity and alpha-element abundances of stars over a large part of the
Milky Way disk. Using a sample of ~10,000 kinematically-unbiased red-clump
stars with ~5% distance accuracy as tracers, the [alpha/Fe] vs. [Fe/H]
distribution of this sample exhibits a bimodality in [alpha/Fe] at intermediate
metallicities, -0.9<[Fe/H]<-0.2, but at higher metallicities ([Fe/H]=+0.2) the
two sequences smoothly merge. We investigate the effects of the APOGEE
selection function and volume filling fraction and find that these have little
qualitative impact on the alpha-element abundance patterns. The described
abundance pattern is found throughout the range 5<R<11 kpc and 0<|Z|<2 kpc
across the Galaxy. The [alpha/Fe] trend of the high-alpha sequence is
surprisingly constant throughout the Galaxy, with little variation from region
to region (~10%). Using simple galactic chemical evolution models we derive an
average star formation efficiency (SFE) in the high-alpha sequence of ~4.5E-10
1/yr, which is quite close to the nearly-constant value found in
molecular-gas-dominated regions of nearby spirals. This result suggests that
the early evolution of the Milky Way disk was characterized by stars that
shared a similar star formation history and were formed in a well-mixed,
turbulent, and molecular-dominated ISM with a gas consumption timescale (1/SFE)
of ~2 Gyr. Finally, while the two alpha-element sequences in the inner Galaxy
can be explained by a single chemical evolutionary track this cannot hold in
the outer Galaxy, requiring instead a mix of two or more populations with
distinct enrichment histories.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Tyrosine 23 Phosphorylation-Dependent Cell-Surface Localization of Annexin A2 Is Required for Invasion and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer
The aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by
its high metastatic potential and lack of effective therapies, which is the
result of a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in promoting PDA
metastases. We identified Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a member of the Annexin family of
calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, as a new molecule that promotes
PDA invasion and metastases. We found ANXA2 to be a PDA-associated antigen
recognized by post-treatment sera of patients who demonstrated prolonged
survival following treatment with a PDA-specific vaccine. Cell surface ANXA2
increases with PDA development and progression. Knockdown of ANXA2 expression by
RNA interference or blocking with anti-ANXA2 antibodies inhibits in
vitro invasion of PDA cells. In addition, post-vaccination patient
sera inhibits in vitro invasion of PDA cells, suggesting that
therapeutic anti-ANXA2 antibodies are induced by the vaccine. Furthermore,
cell-surface localization of ANXA2 is tyrosine 23 phosphorylation-dependent; and
tyrosine 23 phosphorylation is required for PDA invasion. We demonstrated that
tyrosine 23 phosphorylation resulting in surface expression of ANXA2 is required
for TGFÎČ-induced, Rho-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),
linking the cellular function of ANXA2 which was previously shown to be
associated with small GTPase-regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements, to the EMT
process in PDA. Finally, using mouse PDA models, we showed that shRNA knock-down
of ANXA2, a mutation at tyrosine 23, or anti-ANXA2 antibodies,
inhibit PDA metastases and prolong mouse survival. Thus, ANXA2 is part of a
novel molecular pathway underlying PDA metastases and a new target for
development of PDA therapeutics
Recommended from our members
Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with Pâ<â1âĂâ10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (Pâ<â5âĂâ10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder
Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging of Low Galactic Latitude Fields: Technical Summary and Data Release
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) mosaic camera and telescope have obtained
five-band optical-wavelength imaging near the Galactic plane outside of the
nominal survey boundaries. These additional data were obtained during
commissioning and subsequent testing of the SDSS observing system, and they
provide unique wide-area imaging data in regions of high obscuration and star
formation, including numerous young stellar objects, Herbig-Haro objects and
young star clusters. Because these data are outside the Survey regions in the
Galactic caps, they are not part of the standard SDSS data releases. This paper
presents imaging data for 832 square degrees of sky (including repeats), in the
star-forming regions of Orion, Taurus, and Cygnus. About 470 square degrees are
now released to the public, with the remainder to follow at the time of SDSS
Data Release 4. The public data in Orion include the star-forming region NGC
2068/NGC 2071/HH24 and a large part of Barnard's loop.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures (3 missing to save space), accepted by AJ, in
press, see http://photo.astro.princeton.edu/oriondatarelease for data and
paper with all figure
The Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
This paper describes the Fifth Data Release (DR5) of the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS). DR5 includes all survey quality data taken through June 2005 and
represents the completion of the SDSS-I project (whose successor, SDSS-II will
continue through mid-2008). It includes five-band photometric data for 217
million objects selected over 8000 square degrees, and 1,048,960 spectra of
galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 5713 square degrees of that imaging
data. These numbers represent a roughly 20% increment over those of the Fourth
Data Release; all the data from previous data releases are included in the
present release. In addition to "standard" SDSS observations, DR5 includes
repeat scans of the southern equatorial stripe, imaging scans across M31 and
the core of the Perseus cluster of galaxies, and the first spectroscopic data
from SEGUE, a survey to explore the kinematics and chemical evolution of the
Galaxy. The catalog database incorporates several new features, including
photometric redshifts of galaxies, tables of matched objects in overlap regions
of the imaging survey, and tools that allow precise computations of survey
geometry for statistical investigations.Comment: ApJ Supp, in press, October 2007. This paper describes DR5. The SDSS
Sixth Data Release (DR6) is now public, available from http://www.sdss.or
- âŠ