54 research outputs found

    The contribution of the Drug Allergy and Hypersensitivity Database to the comprehension of drug hypersensitivities

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    La confirmation d’une hypersensibilitĂ© mĂ©dicamenteuse est importante car la plupart des cas allĂ©guĂ©s ne sont pas confirmĂ©s. Le diagnostic repose sur l’interrogatoire et le bilan allergologique, ce dernier comprenant surtout des tests in vivo. Ces tests ne sont pas dĂ©nuĂ©s de risque. Ce travail se propose de rĂ©pondre avec une mĂ©thodologie originale (pour le domaine de l’hypersensibilitĂ© mĂ©dicamenteuse), Ă  des questions en suspens visant la nĂ©cessitĂ©, les modalitĂ©s et l’utilitĂ© du bilan allergologique, en prenant principalement mais pas exclusivement le modĂšle des hypersensibilitĂ©s aux ß-lactamines. J’ai utilisĂ© plusieurs approches mĂ©thodologiques, appliquĂ©es Ă  une large base de donnĂ©es d’hypersensibilitĂ©s mĂ©dicamenteuses. Dans un premier temps, j’ai exploitĂ© les donnĂ©es cliniques rĂ©trospectives afin de construire 2 modĂšles de diagnostic d’hypersensibilitĂ© aux ß-lactamines et j’ai ensuite testĂ© leurs performances diagnostiques sur un Ă©chantillon prospectif de patients. Les modĂšles atteignent globalement une sensibilitĂ© de 50%, ce qui est difficilement acceptable, dans un contexte iatrogĂ©nique. Secondairement, j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© le passage des protocoles de tests de provocation aux ß-lactamines, d’une Ă©tape avec paliers purement empiriques, Ă  un protocole basĂ© sur des donnĂ©es issues d’une analyse de survie. Autres 3 articles ont suivi une mĂ©thodologie similaire : les patients ayant eu un bilan allergologique nĂ©gatif pour un mĂ©dicament donnĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© re-contactĂ©s et interrogĂ©s au moyen d’un questionnaire. Le service rendu au patient a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ© par le taux de patients ayant repris (sans rĂ©action) le mĂ©dicament autorisĂ© (plus de 90% pour 3 classes mĂ©dicamenteuses analysĂ©es).Most alleged cases of hypersensitivity reactions following drug administration are actually ruled out by drug allergy work up. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and allergy tests, mainly in vivo tests. These tests carry a considerable risk of iatrogeny. The purpose of this thesis was to address some unmet needs regarding the need, technical aspects and utility of the drug allergy work up, using an original methodology applied to the drug hypersensitivity field. It focuses mainly (but not only) on drug hypersensitivity reactions to ß-lactams. I used different statistical methods, applied to a large database, the Drug Allergy and Hypersensitivity Database. First (Article 1), I used retrospective clinical data to build 2 models for ß-lactam hypersensitivity diagnosis. I then tested these models on a prospective sample, in order to analyze their diagnostic performances. The overall sensitivity of the 2 models is around 50%, which is unacceptable in an iatrogenic context. Second (Article 2), I worked on empirical protocols of drug provocation tests and I identified steps for data-driven, evidence-based protocols by means of survival analysis. The Articles 3, 4 and 5 were conceived following a similar methodology: patients with a negative drug allergy work-up for a certain drug were called and questioned on whether they had been exposed to this same drug, following allergy tests. High negative predictive values of these tests, with more than 90% of patients tolerating subsequent administration without any hypersensitivity reaction, were obtained for 3 different drug classes

    Skin necrosis following local anesthetic: Same presentation for two different diagnoses

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    Hypersensibilité médicamenteuse au Paracétamol (A partir d'une étude rétrospective réalisée dans le service d'allergologie au CHU d'Arnaud de Villeneuve à Montpellier et Réflexions autour de la Pharmacovigilance hospitaliÚre et en médecine générale)

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    Les Ă©vĂ©nements indĂ©sirables mĂ©dicamenteux (EIM) sont un vĂ©ritable problĂšme de santĂ© publique et sont Ă  l'origine d'un surcoĂ»t en milieu hospitalier comme en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale que les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques ont des difficultĂ©s Ă  quantifier faute de dĂ©claration suffisante Ă  la pharmacovigilance (PV). Un type d'EIM particulier, que les experts de la European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology appellent les hypersensibilitĂ©s mĂ©dicamenteuses (HSM) relĂšve de deux mĂ©canismes distincts: les HSM allergiques, de mĂ©canisme immuno-allergologique prouvĂ© et les HSM non allergiques, de mĂ©canisme pharmacologique le plus souvent. La grande famille des inhibiteurs des cyclo oxygĂ©nases est pourvoyeuse d'HSM, avec en tĂȘte de file les AINS et le paracĂ©tamol. C'est Ă  ce dernier que nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s, parce qu'il s'agit d'un mĂ©dicament accessible sans prescription, utilisĂ© largement dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale, et dont les effets indĂ©sirables sont peu Ă©voquĂ©s en pratique, en rapport avec son innocuitĂ©, au trave s d'une Ă©tude Ă©pidĂ©miologique rĂ©trospective menĂ©e au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Arnaud de Villeneuve Ă  Montpellier, dans le service d'allergologie du Pr Demoly, sur plus de trois cents patients explorĂ©s pour une rĂ©action secondaire imputable au paracĂ©tamol par le seul moyen diagnostique validĂ© actuel : le test de provocation oral en milieu hospitalier. L 'HSM au paracĂ©tamol est rare, soit liĂ©e spĂ©cifiquement au paracĂ©tamol soit liĂ©e Ă  des rĂ©actions non spĂ©cifiques de mĂ©canisme pharmacologique chez les patients HS aux AINS ou Ă  l'aspirine. Elle nĂ©cessite une dĂ©claration auprĂšs d'un centre rĂ©gional de pharmacovigilance. Cette Ă©tude nous a conduit Ă  pousser certaines rĂ©flexions autour d'un sujet d'actualitĂ©: la pharmacovigilance, le mĂ©dicament, sa surveillance en phase IV, et la maĂźtrise de sa prescription par les diffĂ©rents acteurs de santĂ©. MalgrĂ© l'Ă©volution des objectifs de la PV au fil du temps, les moyens de notifications semblent toujours insuffisants et la formation mĂ©dicale encore dĂ©pendante des laboratoires pharmaceutiques. Et si la maĂźtrise des effets indĂ©sirables passait par une maĂźtrise de la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© du mĂ©dicament?MONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Drug provocation tests: up-date and novel approaches.

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    International audienceDrug provocation tests (DPTs) are often needed when evaluating patients with suspected drug hypersensitivity reactions. General considerations on DPTs, with regard to indications, contraindications, methods, limitations and interpretations have been thoroughly addressed and various protocols are published. However, the field of drug allergy is changing and DPTs make no exception. Novel (or sometimes, simply renewed) approaches arise, awaiting to be either validated or refuted in larger studies in the future. Instead of covering the whole topic of DPTs, this paper will address these recent and challenging aspects

    Are drugs more dangerous? Drug-induced anaphylaxis across the world

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    International audienceDrug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) is a well-recognized risk factor for virtually all classes of medications. The incidence and specific risk factors vary widely depending on the class of drug and reported populations. This perspective addresses recent data reported on DIA and its impact on the understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of anaphylaxis

    Allergie et curares

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    International audienceAllergy to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) has been the first cause of perioperative anaphylaxis for decades, in most countries. The most frequently involved agents are suxamethonium and rocuronium. The allergy work-up is compulsory to demonstrate or rule out allergy to NMBAs, if there is a compatible clinical history. Doing otherwise exposes the patient to death if the same or related NMBA is re-injected. In cases of true allergy, assessing cross-reactivity to other NMBAs is mandatory. The cross-sensitization hypothesis is presently being investigated and if confirmed, it could allow primary prevention measures to be implemented

    Pathogenesis and diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions, from bedside to bench and back

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    Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) have been present since the advent of drugs. In particular T-cell mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions represent a heterogeneous clinical entity with a diverse pathogenesis and result in a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality not only driven by the reactions themselves but also by the use of alternatives which are sometimes less effective or even more dangerous. Diagnostic procedures rely on clinical history, skin testing and potential provocation testing, whereas validated in vitro diagnostic procedures are still lacking for most of them. Recent work in the field of pharmacogenomics combined with basic scientific research has provided insights in the pathogenesis of abacavir and carbamazepine hypersensitivities linked with certain human leucocyte antigen risk alleles. Nevertheless, important scientific questions on how other DHR arise and how host-drug interactions occur, remain unanswered. Recent work indicates an intricate relation between host, drug and pathogens in severe cutaneous and systemic reactions and provides more insights in the role of regulatory T-cells and viral reactivation in these reactions. In this review we focus on type IV delayed-type DHR, and address recent advances in the pathogenesis, pharmacogenomics, and diagnosis of these reactions with an emphasis on the understandings arising from basic research.status: publishe
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