Relationships between phosphatemia/phosphaturia and EEG/HRV parameters in patients with chronic pyelonephritis

Background. As part of the project "Relationships between parameters of electrolytes exchange and EEG&HRV in people without kidney disease and patients with chronic pyelonephritis" we have previously shown that parameters of calcium exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV in the same cohort of patients. Material and methods. The object of observation were 48 males and 15 females 24-76 years old, who came to the spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in remission. We recorded simultaneosly EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”) and electrocardiogram ("CardioLab+HRV") in II lead to assess the parameters of HRV. Phosphate concentration was determined in blood plasma and daily urine. Results. It was stated normal or moderately reduced plasma phosphate levels in combination with a very wide range of phosphate urinary excretion. A very strong canonical correlation was found between phosphatemia and EEG/HRV parameters (R=0,982). The correlations with the parameters of the beta and theta rhythms of the EEG and the HRV are positive, while with the parameters of the delta rhythm of the EEG are negative. The canonical correlation between phosphaturia and EEG parameters is also very strong (R=0,879). Conclusion. Parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related, however the question of the causal nature of correlations remains open

Comparative study of electrolyte exchange in patients with varying severity of urinary syndrome of chronic pyelonephritis

Background. The severity of urinary syndrome in chronic pyelonephritis varies widely. Concomitant changes in electrolyte exchange are also differently expressed. The aim of this study is to compare the rates of electrolyte metabolism in patients with minimal and moderate manifestations of urinary syndrome. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were 68 men and 20 women aged 24-76 years, who underwent rehabilitation treatment in the Truskavets’ spa of chronic pyelonephritis in remission with of neuroendocrine-immune complex dysfunction. Urinary syndrome was assessed by quantitative and quantitative-qualitative levels of bacteriuria, leukocyturia and erythrocyturia. We determined in daily urine and blood plasma the concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and phosphates. Results. By transforming the actual values into normalized (Z-score) in patients with minimal expressed urinary syndrome (n=25) compared with moderately expressed (n=63) more pronounced decrease in phosphatemia (-1,26±0,17 vs -0,77±0,13), while a more significant increase in excretion of magnesium (+1,16±0,34 vs +0,27±0,24), sodium (+2,92±0,64 vs +1,41±0,31) and chloride (+2,44±0,76 vs +1,04±0,37). Conclusion. Probably, common causal factors for both sets of parameters are changes in neuro-endocrine regulation of electrolyte exchange and immunity, especially bactericidal mechanisms, which, in turn, cause a reduction in bacteriuria and leukocyturia, ie resolving chronic pyelonephritis. Evidence of this hypothesis we have obtained and will be presented in the next article

Relationships between calciemia and calciuria and EEG and HRV parameters in patients with chronic pyelonephritis

Background. This article launches a new project "Relationships between parameters of electrolytes exchange and EEG&HRV in people without kidney disease and patients with chronic pyelonephritis". Calcium was chosen as the first swallow. Material and methods. The object of observation were 48 males and 15 females 24-76 years old, who came to the spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in remission. We recorded simultaneosly EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”) and electrocardiogram ("CardioLab+HRV") in II lead to assess the parameters of HRV. Calcium and creatinine concentration was determined in blood plasma and daily urine. Results. The observed sample is characterized by moderate and mild expressed urinary syndrome, ie represents the urological contingent of the Truskavets’ spa. It was stated normal or moderately reduced plasma calcium levels in combination with a very wide range of calcium urinary excretion. A very strong canonical correlation was found between calciumemia and EEG/HRV parameters (r=0,910). The correlation with the parameters of the beta rhythm of the EEG and VLF/ULF components of the HRV is positive, while with the parameters of the alpha rhythm of the EEG is negative. The canonical correlation between calciumuria and EEG/HRV parameters is moderate (r=0,571). There was a positive correlation with other parameters of the beta rhythm of the EEG and a negative correlation with the parameters of the delta rhythm of the EEG and LF/VLF components of HRV. Conclusion. Parameters of calcium exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related, however the question of the causal nature of correlations remains open

The use of molecular genetic technologies for the implementation of sports selection and provision of training-competitive process in rowing

The question of the promise of application of molecular genetic technologies in rowing sports is considered. The main directions that can be used for sports orienteering and selection, and after their completion, are provided for providing high-level training-competitive process at the level of the sport

Influence of the antioxidant complex on the physical efficiency of highly qualified athletes specializing in rowing

The publication discusses the possibility of using antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress and increase physical performance in highly qualified athletes who specialize in rowing

Sexual dimophism in plasma nitrogenous metabolites levels and some psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters

Background. We previously showed that the factor structure of the relationships between the plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites (uric acid, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine), on the one hand, and the parameters of anxiety and neuro-endocrine status, on the other hand, is significantly different in men and women of reproductive age and postmenopausal. The purpose of this study is to identify the metabolic and psycho-neuro-endocrine features of these three cohorts of people. Materials and methods. The object of observation were 31 males (24÷69 y) and 30 females, from among them 18 postmenopausal (45÷76 y) and 12 of reproductive age (30÷42 y), with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex. In basal conditions we determined plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites and adaptation hormones, estimated the severity of the trait and reactive anxiety, recorded the ongoing HRV and EEG. After 4 or 7 days, repeated testing was performed. Results. To achieve the goal, the registered parameters were subjected to discriminant analysis. Along with the quite expected nitrogenous metabolites, age, testosterone and calcitonin (both raw and sex- and age-standardized values), trait anxiety, Kerdö's Vegetative Index, one of the vagal markers (SDNN), as well as 10 EEG parameters emerged as characteristic features of the cohorts. In the information space of two discriminant roots, three cohorts are clearly demarcated. Conclusion. We interpret this as another proof of the existence of connections between nitrogenous metabolites and psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters in line with the concept of the functional-metabolic continuum

Early Coaching to Increase Water Intake in CKD.

Introduction: In observational studies, increased water intake improves kidney function but not in adults with CKD stage 3 and more. CKD WIT trial has shown a nonsignificant gradual decline in kidney function after 1 year of coaching to increase water intake (CIWI) [1]. We propose that CIWI may benefit in CKD stage 1–2 (G1 and G2) and depends on functional renal functional reserve (RFR) [2, 3]. Objective: Parallel-group randomized trial was aimed to determinate the effectiveness of CIWI dependence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stage and RFR in adults with CKD 1–2 stages. Methods: CKD WIT trial was taken as the basis for prospective multicenter randomized trial named "Early Coaching to Increase Water Intake in CKD (ECIWIC)." The primary outcome was the change in kidney function by eGFR from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included 1-year change in urine albumin/Cr ratio, and patient-reported overall quality of health (QH) ranged from 0 (worst possible) to 10 (best possible). CIWI aimed to have the diuresis being 1.7–2 L. There were 4 groups with nondiet sodium restriction which consisted of 31 patients each: 2 groups with CKD G1 and CKD G2, undergoing CIWI and 2 others with CKD G1 and CKD G2 without CIWI (Fig. 1a). Overall checks were made at 0, 6, and 12 months. RFR evaluation was performed using 0.45% sodium chloride oral solution. Results: Of our randomized 124 patients (mean age 53.2 years; men 83 [67%], 0 died), mean change in 24-h urine volume was 0.6 L per day in G1 with CIWI group and 0.5 L in G2. No statistically significant data on eGFR depending CIWI were obtained (Fig. 1b). However, the trend suggests that CIWI improves eGFR in CKD G1 (from 95 to 96 mL/min/1.73 m2) and preserves eGFR decline in CKD G2 (78–78). The QH values were also preserved (from 7 to 7 in G1 and G2 groups). Although coaching to maintain the same water intake did not preserve physiological and pathological eGFR decreasing in CKD G1-2 (G1 from 96 to 93, G2 from 76 to 73; t = 0.6, p = 0.29, and p ≤ 0.05 in all groups) and the QH was declined (from 7 to 6 in both groups). An individual analysis of the RFR has shown that patients with RFR more than 50% (G1 19 patients, 61%, and G2 13 patients, 42%) had reliable preservation of eGFR with its increase of 1.5 mL/min on CIWI, while patients with low functional renal reserve had a drop of eGFR at 1.1 mL/min/m2 within 12 months. Patients with low normal serum sodium levels have shown worse results on CIWI. Conclusions: With CKD G1, the CIWI leads to the preservation of the renal function with its increase of GFR per 1 mL/min/m2/per year in comparison with the same water intake. In CKD G2, the CIWI prevents physiological and pathological loss of renal function, and RFR above 50% aids restoration of eGFR both in CKD G1-2. ECIWIC trial demonstrates benefit of CIWI in patients with CKD 1–2 and preserved RFR

Variants of the state of electrolyte exchange in female rates

Background. It is known that electrolyte exchange parameters are subject to the regulatory effects of a wide range of nerve, hormonal and humoral factors. The dispersion of electrolyte levels in plasma, erythrocytes and diurnal urine, first, is different, and second, variable. Therefore, there are a number of quantitative and even qualitatively different variants of the exchange of electrolytes. It is logical to assume that such diversity is conditioned by the state of the regulatory systems and/or the balance between the entering and excretion of electrolytes. We have set a goal in experiments in rats and clinical physiological observations to identify a number of variants of the state of exchange of electrolytes and their neuro-endocrine, humoral and immune support. In this article we summarize the first stage of the path to the goal. Materials and methods. Experiment was performed on 58 healthy female Wistar rats 220-300 g. Among them 10 animals remained intact, using tap water from drinking ad libitum. The rats of others groups for 6 days administered through the tube various fluids at a dose of 1,5 mL/100 g. The day after the completion of the drinking course in all rats the plasma and urine levels of the electrolytes were determined. Results. The method of cluster analysis identifies four variants of the state of electrolyte exchange. Characteristic features of the members of the major (51,7%) cluster are a moderate decrease in excretion with daily urine of sodium and chloride as well as calcium and potassium plasma levels in combination with a moderate increase in magnesium excretion. In the members of the second largest cluster (22,4%), a similar decrease in the plasma level of potassium and calcium is combined with a slight decrease in the content of potassium in erythrocytes and a decrease in its excretion with the urine. Electrolyte exchange of the third largest cluster (19,0%) is characterized by a moderate increase in the excretion of sodium and chloride and a slight increase in the excretion of potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphate, as well as the content of potassium in erythrocytes. Finally, the minor cluster (6,9%) differs from others by drastically increasing sodium excretion, a significant increase in the excretion of chloride, calcium and phosphate, as well as the sodium content of erythrocytes in combination with a decrease in calcium (moderate), phosphate and chlorine (slight) plasma levels. Conclusion. Four quantitatively and qualitatively different variants of the exchange of electrolytes are revealed, which is caused, apparently, by different state of neuro-endocrine regulation

Relationships between plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites and some psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters

Background. It was recently shown by our group that bilirubin has a neurotropic activity. It is also shown that endogenous uric acid exerts a noticeable modulating effect on neuro-endocrine adaptation factors. In this study, we supplemented the constellation both of subjects of influence with other nitrogenous metabolites - urea and creatinine, and the objects of influence - with plasma levels of the main adaptation hormones and the severity of trait and reactive anxiety. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were almost healthy volunteers: 30 females (30÷76 y) and 31 males (24÷69 y). In basal conditions determined plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites as well as cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine and calcitonin, estimated the severity of the trait and reactive anxiety, recorded the ongoing HRV and EEG. After 4 or 7 days, repeated testing was performed. Results. By constructing regression models, it was found that direct bilirubin determines the levels of psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters by 66,0%, free bilirubin by 56,7%, uric acid by 40,8%, creatinine by 37,6%, and urea - by 31,1%. Taken together, nitrogenous plasma metabolites determine the severity of trait, but not reactive anxiety, plasma levels of testosterone, cortisol and triiodothyronine, but not calcitonin and aldosterone, as well as a number of HRV and EEG parameters by 70,6%. Conclusion. Nitrogenous plasma metabolites, even in the absence of uremia, are able to influence the state of the psyche, autonomic and central nervous and endocrine systems, apparently through aryl hydrocarbon and adenosine receptors of neurons and endocrinocytes and/or directly

Neuroendocrine-immune complex as the mirror of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites at rats

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. Based on this, we have been created three groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. We have been shown that each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. In this study, an attempt will be made to supplement the immune accompaniment of each constellation of nitrogenous metabolites with parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. The state of autonomous regulation assessed by HRV. The plasma levels of the hormones of adaptation: corticosterone, triiodothyronine and testosterone (by the ELISA) were determined as well as mineralocorticoid, calcitonin and parathyroid activity calculated by their electrolyte markers. Results. 9 neuro-endocrine and 17 immune parameters were identified, the set of which three clusters of nitrogen metabolism clearly differ from each other. The overall accuracy of the classification is 93,3%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of 26 parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex