A review paper: optimal test cases for regression testing using artificial intelligent techniques

The goal of the testing process is to find errors and defects in the software being developed so that they can be fixed and corrected before they are delivered to the customer. Regression testing is an essential quality testing technique during the maintenance phase of the program as it is performed to ensure the integrity of the program after modifications have been made. With the development of the software, the test suite becomes too large to be fully implemented within the given test cost in terms of budget and time. Therefore, the cost of regression testing using different techniques should be reduced, here we dealt many methods such as retest all technique, regression test selection technique (RTS) and test case prioritization technique (TCP). The efficiency of these techniques is evaluated through the use of many metrics such as average percentage of fault detected (APFD), average percentage block coverage (APBC) and average percentage decision coverage (APDC). In this paper we dealt with these different techniques used in test case selection and test case prioritization and the metrics used to evaluate their efficiency by using different techniques of artificial intelligent and describe the best of all

Penggunaan Berbagai Jenis Mulsa dan Pemupukan terhadap Intensitas Serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman dan Hasil Kacang Panjang (Vigna Sinensi L.)

Teknik budidaya tanaman kacang panjang saat ini yaitu teknik budidaya menggunakan mulsa. Mulsa adalah material penutup tanah pada tanaman budidaya dimaksudkan untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah , menekan pertumbuhan gulma dan melindungi dari serangan OPT (Organisme pengganggu tanaman) sehingga tanaman dapat tumbuh dengan baik, Untuk mendapatkan hasil tanaman budidaya yang maksimal pemberian pupuk juga harus dilakukan. Penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa dan pupuk diharapkan dapat berpengaruh terhadap intensitas serangan OPT dan hasil tanaman kacang panjang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jl.Karimata, Kabupaten Jember, ,Pada tanggal 10 November 2017 sampai dengan 14 Februari 2018. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial. Ada 2 faktor, faktor 1 jenis mulsa terdiri dari (M1) tanpa mulsa, (M2) mulsa kacang tanah ,(M3) mulsa plastik (M4) mulsa jerami . Faktor 2 Jenis pupuk; (P1) NPK Phonska, (P2) Urea,SP36,KCl, (P3) ZA, SP36, KCl. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mulsa plastik berpengaruh sangat baik terhadap intentensitas kerusakan pada daun, kepadatan populasi hama, total jumlah buah sehat dan berat panen pertanaman, Jenis pupuk tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensitas serangan daun dan hasil tanaman. Interaksi penggunaan mulsa plastik dan pupuk NPK phonska memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap variabel total jumlah buah yang sehat

Facies analysis, glauconite distribution and sequence stratigraphy of the middle Eocene Qarara Formation, El-Minya area, Egypt

AbstractThe Qarara Formation consists mainly of shale at the base and overlain by limestone at the top. The formation is Middle Eocene (Lutetian) in age. Three sections located at the eastern bank of the Nile River in El-Minya Province have been measured, described, and sampled. These sections from north to south are: Gebel Qarara, El-Sheikh Fadl, and Gebel El-Ahmar.The main microfacies identified in the studied sections are: silty claystone, silty shale, fossiliferous glauconite, glauconitic (green) sand, glauconitic fossiliferous ironstone, glauconitic bioclastic wacke-packstone, glauconitic bioclastic lime-mudstone-wackestone. These microfacies have been deposited in shallow open marine environment.Collectively the studied rocks contain two principal facies: lower argillaceous facies and upper carbonate facies that separated by glauconitic fossiliferous ironstone bed. The lower argillaceous part represents highstand systems tract (HST), whereas the upper carbonate part represents transgressive systems tract (TST). The glauconitic fossiliferous ironstone bed is recognized as a sequence boundary (SB)

PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT DALAM PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB

Abstrak: Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi berdampak kepada sektor perdagangan yang mempengaruhi minat dan pola aktivitas masyarakat yang sebelumnya mengandalkan pasar konvensional beralih ke digital marketing. Dampak tersebut dialami juga oleh mitra kerjasama, mitra sasaran kelompok masyarakat serta Pemerintah Desa Sesait yang mengharuskan untuk beradaptasi melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan perancang sistem informasi kelompok masyarakat berbasis web sebagai upaya menigkatkan pengtahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam penggunaan digital marketing sebagai media promosi dan pemasaran hasil produksi pertanian, peternakan dan potensi pariwisata yang berdaya saing. Metode pelatihan dan pendampingan yaitu metode Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), sedangkan dalam merancang sistem informasi menggunakan metode Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan model Waterfall. Dimana kedua metode tersebut dilakukan kombinasi dalam pelaksanaanya sehingga di peroleh hasil dari evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test untuk 25 peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan yaitu tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang web meningkat menjadi 100% dari yang sebelumnya tingkat pengetahuan 68% dan tingkat pemahaman 40%, sedangkan untuk tingkat penggunaan web dari yang sebelumnya tidak mengerti mengoperasikan web menjadi 92% peserta mampu mengoperasikan web.Abstract: The rapid development of technology impacts the trade sector, influencing people's interests and activity patterns that previously relied on conventional markets to switch to digital marketing. This impact was also experienced by cooperation partners and target community groups as well as the Sesait Village Government, which required them to adapt through training and mentoring for web-based community group information system designers as an effort to increase partners' knowledge and skills in using digital marketing as a medium for promotion and marketing of competitive agricultural, livestock and tourism potential products. . The training and mentoring method is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method while designing the information system uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with the Waterfall model. The two methods were combined in their implementation so that the results obtained from evaluation through pre-test and post-test for 25 participants who took part in the activity were that the level of knowledge and understanding of the web increased to 100% from the previous level of knowledge of 68% and level of understanding of 40 %, while the level of web usage went from previously not understanding how to operate the web to 92% of participants being able to operate the web

Heterogeneous Epoxidation of n-octene, Cyclooctene and Styrene Using a Chitosan 4-Salicyledinepalladium (II) Catalyst under Aerobic Conditions

Chitosan (CS) has been condensed with 4-salicylidene to form a 2CS-Hdhba Schiff-base. The heterogeneous catalytic epoxidations of n-octene, cyclooctene and styrene have been achieved by employing a [Pd(dhba(H2O)Cl] complex as a catalyst in the presence of oxygen at atmospheric pressure at 358 K. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst on the epoxidation processes has also been investigated. The catalyst is easily recovered from the epoxidation reaction mixtures even after 10 catalytic cycles

Functional microvascularization of human myocardium in vitro

In this study, we report static and perfused models of human myocardial-microvascular interaction. In static culture, we observe distinct regulation of electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in co-culture with human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and human left ventricular fibroblasts (hLVFBs), including modification of beating rate, action potential, calcium handling, and pro-arrhythmic substrate. Within a heart-on-a-chip model, we subject this three-dimensional (3D) co-culture to microfluidic perfusion and vasculogenic growth factors to induce spontaneous assembly of perfusable myocardial microvasculature. Live imaging of red blood cells within myocardial microvasculature reveals pulsatile flow generated by beating hiPSC-CMs. This study therefore demonstrates a functionally vascularized in vitro model of human myocardium with widespread potential applications in basic and translational research

Mitochondrial cardiomyopathies: how to identify candidate pathogenic mutations by mitochondrial DNA sequencing, MITOMASTER and phylogeny

Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction can cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Owing to a high mutation rate, mtDNA defects may occur at any nucleotide in its 16 569 bp sequence. Complete mtDNA sequencing may detect pathogenic mutations, which can be difficult to interpret because of normal ethnic/geographic-associated haplogroup variation. Our goal is to show how to identify candidate mtDNA mutations by sorting out polymorphisms using readily available online tools. The purpose of this approach is to help investigators in prioritizing mtDNA variants for functional analysis to establish pathogenicity. We analyzed complete mtDNA sequences from 29 Italian patients with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy or suspected disease. Using MITOMASTER and PhyloTree, we characterized 593 substitution variants by haplogroup and allele frequencies to identify all novel, non-haplogroup-associated variants. MITOMASTER permitted determination of each variant's location, amino acid change and evolutionary conservation. We found that 98% of variants were common or rare, haplogroup-associated variants, and thus unlikely to be primary cause in 80% of cases. Six variants were novel, non-haplogroup variants and thus possible contributors to disease etiology. Two with the greatest pathogenic potential were heteroplasmic, nonsynonymous variants: m.15132T>C in MT-CYB for a patient with hypertrophic dilated cardiomyopathy and m.6570G>T in MT-CO1 for a patient with myopathy. In summary, we have used our automated information system, MITOMASTER, to make a preliminary distinction between normal mtDNA variation and pathogenic mutations in patient samples; this fast and easy approach allowed us to select the variants for traditional analysis to establish pathogenicity

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels decrease after menopause in normal breast tissue but not in breast cancer lesions

We hypothesized that the regulation of microvascular functions and angiogenesis in breast tissue, a well known target of ovarian steroid action, is dependent on the hormonal exposure of the breast. Relative expression levels of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), a putative key regulator of angiogenesis in breast cancer, were analysed in the tumour and the adjacent non-neoplastic breast tissue of 19 breast cancer patients by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In non-neoplastic breast specimens the expression levels of all detected VEGF-A-isoforms (189, 165, 121) were significantly higher in premenopausal compared to post-menopausal women (P = 0.02) and were inversely correlated with the patient's age (P = 0.006). In contrast, in cancerous tissues menopausal status had no influence on VEGF-A-expression levels. Benign and malignant tissues exhibited a similar expression pattern of VEGF-A-isoforms relative to each other. Thus, the regulation of the vasculature in normal breast tissue, as opposed to breast cancer tissue, appears to be hormonally dependent. Endogenous and therapeutically used hormonal steroids might, therefore, cause clinically relevant changes of the angiogenic phenotype of the human breast. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig