Temperate holomorphic solutions and regularity of holonomic D-modules on curves

Let $X$ be a complex manifold. In "Microlocal study of Ind-sheaves I: microsupport and regularity", M. Kashiwara e P. Schapira made the conjecture that a holonomic D-module \shm is regular holonomic if and only if R\mathcal{I}{hom}_{\beta_X\shd_X}(\beta_X\shm,\sho_X^t) is regular (in the sense of "Microlocal study of Ind-sheaves I: microsupport and regularity"), the "only if" part of this conjecture following immediately from "Microlocal study of Ind-sheaves I: microsupport and regularity". Our aim is to prove this conjecture in dimension one.Comment: 21 page

Analysis of effectors of the Salmonella Typhimurium SPI‐2 type three secretion system

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), an intracellular pathogen, causes gastroenteritis in humans and a systemic disease in mice. The ability of Salmonella to replicate inside host cells requires translocation of effector proteins across the vacuolar membrane, mediated by the Salmonella pathogenicity island‐2 (SPI‐2) type three secretion system (T3SS). However, the repertoire of effectors involved in this process has not been defined. The first part of this PhD work focused on SrfJ, a putative effector of the SPI‐2 T3SS with similarity to human lysosomal glucosylceramidase. Expression of its gene was dependent on SsrA/B, a two‐component regulatory system required for expression of most SPI‐2 effector genes. Expression of srfJ was also shown to occur under SPI‐2 T3SS activation conditions. However, there was no detectable secretion or translocation of the protein, although a srfJ mutant strain had an intracellular replication defect in primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Using a dual‐fluorescence reporter system that allows direct measurement of intracellular replication, the contribution to replication of individual SPI‐2 T3SS effectors was investigated. The replication kinetics of S. Typhimurium deletion mutants for all known SPI‐2 effectors were measured and compared in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Several mutant strains with replication defects were identified, thereby revealing that intracellular replication is the result of the contribution of numerous effectors. Two S. Typhimurium polymutant strains were generated whose replication defects closely resemble that of a SPI‐2 T3SS null mutant and are severely attenuated in virulence in vivo. These strains retained an intact T3SS and delivered a CD8+ T cell epitope via the SPI‐2 T3SS into the cytoplasm of infected cells. Since an S. Typhi mutant strain lacking the SPI‐2 T3SS has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in humans, these polymutant strains could have applications in vaccine design, as carrier strains for the delivery of heterologous antigens

Explaining local manufacturing growth in Chile : the advantages of sectoral diversity

This paper investigates whether the agglomeration of economic activity in regional clusters affects long-run manufacturing total factor productivity growth in an emerging market context. It explores a large firm-level panel dataset for Chile during a period characterized by high growth rates and rising regional income inequality (1992-2004). The findings are clear-cut. Locations with greater concentration of a particular sector did not experience faster growth in total factor productivity during this period. Rather, local sector diversity was associated with higher long-run growth in total factor productivity. However, there is no evidence that the diversity effect was driven by the local interaction with a set of suppliers and/or clients. The authors interpret this as evidence that agglomeration economies are driven by other factors, such as the sharing of access to specialized inputs not provided solely by a single sector, such as skills or financing.Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Growth,Political Economy,Achieving Shared Growth

Openness and technological innovations in developing countries : evidence from firm-level surveys

The authors analyze the role of international technological diffusion for firm-level technological innovations in several developing countries. Their findings show that, after controlling for firm, industry, and country characteristics, exporting and importing activities are important channels for the diffusion of technology. They also find evidence that the majority of foreign-owned firms are significantly less likely to engage in technological innovations than minority foreign-owned firms or domestic-owned firms. The authors interpret this finding as evidence that the technology transferred from multinational parents to majority-owned subsidiaries is more mature than that transferred to minority-owned subsidiaries. This finding supports the idea that equity joint ventures maximize technology transfers to local firms.Technology Industry,ICT Policy and Strategies,Education for Development (superceded),Innovation,Foreign Direct Investment

Use and Perception of the Internet as a Marketing Tool to Promote Rural Tourism

Businesses and communities in rural areas face increased challenges to compete in the globalized tourism market. Rural areas and small communities often have rich endogenous natural resources, which may appeal to a stressed urban public, however, simply possessing these attributes is not sufficient, the must be communicated and promoted to the right people. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of Internet and online marketing tools to improve the competitiveness of small-scale rural tourism companies. The paper presents an overview of the perception, knowledge and use of Internet as a marketing toll by small-scaled rural tourism companies located in Portugal centre region and discusses the challenges and motivations involved in promoting rural tourism in a globalized market. A sample of small-scaled rural tourism companies was inquired about their attitudes toward the use of Internet marketing tools. The results show that Rural Tourism companies have limited knowledge of web marketing tools potential to support the rural tourism and highlight the need to increase the use of Internet as a marketing tool to globally communicate, promote and positioning rural tourism in order to leverage resources and create sustainability.Rural tourism, SMEs, Internet, Marketing, e-Commerce

Analyzing customer profitability in hotels using activity based costing

This paper investigates the use of customer profitability analysis (CPA) in four and five star hotels located in Algarve (Portugal). Traditional accounting systems have been criticized for focusing on product, service or department profitability, and not on customer profitability, thus failing to provide effective information to marketing-related decisions. Results are reported by operating departments, whilst marketing activities focus on customer market segments. Recognizing the growing emphasis on customer value creation, and to overcome the mismatch between the provision and use of information in hotels, CPA techniques have been suggested. Notwithstanding their benefits, namely a strategic focus, hotels still apply traditional techniques. A structured questionnaire collected through personal interviews showed that CPA is far from widespread in hotel management; instead, hotels accumulate costs in profit centers and in cost centers. None of the surveyed hotels had adopted activity based costing, despite this technique being viewed as the most appropriate to calculate individual customer profitability.Este artigo investiga a análise de rendibilidade de clientes nos hotéis de quatro e cinco estrelas do Algarve (Portugal). Os sistemas de contabilidade tradicionais focalizam-se na rendibilidade dos produtos, serviços ou departamentos não fornecendo informação eficaz para decisões de marketing. Os resultados são relatados por departamentos, sendo as atividades de marketing direcionadas para segmentos de mercado. Reconhecendo o foco na criação de valor para o cliente e o “desencontro” entre fornecimento e utilização de informação nos hotéis, a literatura tem sugerido técnicas de análise de rendibilidade de clientes. Apesar dos beneficios destas técnicas, nomeadamente o foco estratégico, os hotéis utilizam técnicas tradicionais. Um questionário estruturado recolhido presencialmente revelou que a técnica CPA está pouco difundida no setor; os hotéis acumulam custos por centros de resultados e por centros de custos. Nenhum adopta o custeio baseado nas actividades, embora seja o método mais apropriado para atribuir custos a clientes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio