Trastorno negativista desafiante en las aulas de Educación Primaria. Una propuesta de intervención

Los trastornos de conductas están aumentando considerablemente en los últimos años y están siendo una de las causas más frecuentes en las unidades de salud mental. Estos trastornos, generalmente el Trastorno Negativista Desafiante, que se da más en el alumnado de Educación Primaria, están perjudicando gravemente al aprendizaje del propio alumno/ y generando un clima desfavorable en las aulas, creando así, un entorpecimiento en el ritmo de aprendizaje del resto de compañeros/as. Los niños/as que padecen estos trastorno crean muchos problemas e inconvenientes en los entornos en los que se desenvuelven y acaban siendo adolescentes y adultos que desarrollan otras enfermedades mentales o se inician en el mundo de la delincuencia y la adicción a sustancias. Este TFG, se centra en investigar, analizar y comprender este tipo de trastornos y desarrollar una propuesta de intervención para una posible reducción y/o eliminación de estas conductas desafiantes dentro de las aulas y del contexto educativo.Behavioural disorders have increased considerably in recent years and are becoming one of the most frequent causes in mental health units. These disorders, generally the Negativist Defiant Disorder, which occurs more in Primary Education students, are seriously harming the learning of the student and the rest of people around him/her, especially is generating an unfavorable climate in the classrooms thus creating a hindrance in the pace of learning of the rest of peers. Children who suffer from this disorder create many problems and inconveniences in the environments in which they develop and end up being adolescents and adults who develop other mental illnesses or begin in the world of delinquency and addiction to substances. This TFG focuses on researching, analyzing and understanding this type of disorders and developing an intervention proposal for a possible reduction and/or elimination of these challenging behaviors within the classroom and educational context.Grado en Educación Primari

Análisis de las barreras de inclusión social vividas por las personas con daño cerebral adquirido de la Asociación Nido Abierto de Palencia y propuesta de intervención: Proyecto de radio comunitaria

El Trabajo Fin de Grado que presento, tiene como finalidad analizar las barreras de inclusión social que tienen las personas con Daño Cerebral Adquirido que acuden a la Asociación Nido Abierto de la ciudad de Palencia. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una serie de entrevistas a las personas pertenecientes a esta asociación, las cuáles son analizadas en base a un estudio realizado por Joan Subirats, donde describe los factores que agravan la exclusión social de las personas en los diferentes ámbitos de la vida diaria. Por otro lado, en este trabajo aparece una segunda parte donde se presenta una propuesta de un programa de radio, con la finalidad de poder ofrecer un conocimiento a la ciudadanía sobre este colectivo. Además, con esta intervención se busca romper los perjuicios existentes, con el fin de poder transformar el entorno e incrementar así la inclusión social de estas personas. Esta propuesta se llevaría a cabo en la radio comunitaria Radio Colores, dependiente de la Universidad Popular de PalenciaGrado en Educación Socia

Effect of temperature on polarization switching in long-wavelength VCSELs

Trabajo presentado al Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XIX, celebrado en San Francisco, California (US) del 11 al 12 de febrero de 2015.We have measured the effect of the temperature on the polarization-resolved characteristics of a 1550-nm singletransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Two double polarization switchings (PS) are observed. For low temperatures a PS from longer to shorter wavelengths (Type II PS) followed by the opposite PS (Type I) is observed. For higher temperatures Type I followed by Type II PS are measured. A simple expression relating the spin flip rateto the dichroism, differential gain, threshold current and PS current is derived. With this expression the dependence of the spin-flip rate on the temperature is obtained.This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain under project TEC2012-38864-C03-03 and cofinanced by FEDER funds. A. Quirce acknowledges FWO for her Post Doc fellowship and H. Thienpont and K. Panajotov are grateful to the Methusalem foundation for financial support.Peer reviewe

Nonlinear dynamics induced by parallel and orthogonal optical injection in 1550 nm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs)

We report a first experimental study of the nonlinear dynamics appearing in a 1550 nm single-mode VCSEL subject to parallel and to orthogonal optical injection. For the first time to our knowledge we report experimentally measured stability maps identifying the boundaries between regions of different nonlinear dynamics for both cases of polarized injection. A rich variety of nonlinear behaviours, including periodic (limit cycle, period doubling) and chaotic dynamics have been experimentally observed. ©2010 Optical Society of America

Photonic generation of high-frequency microwave signals utilizing a multi-transverse- mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection

We study photonic microwave signal generation obtained when single- and multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. Our calculations show that broadly tunable microwave signals can be obtained in these systems. The response of the multi-transversemode VCSEL is enhanced with respect to that obtained with a similar single-transverse-mode VCSEL subject to the same two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. The extra degree of freedom given by the multi-transverse-mode operation of the VCSEL under two-frequency orthogonal optical injection enhances the performance of the photonic microwave generation system, because the higher-order transverse mode is excited with a much larger amplitude than that of the fundamental transverse mode. Periodic oscillations are obtained for a very wide range of frequency detunings between the optical injections and transverse modes. A relative maximum of the microwave signal amplitude is obtained when the frequency of one of the optical injections is very close to the frequency of the orthogonally polarized fundamental mode of the VCSEL. Periodic oscillations are demonstrated for symmetric and asymmetric values of the injection strengths. Wide tuning ranges, extended into the THz band, are obtained in our system. Our results show that the proposed microwave signal generation mechanism is independent of the polarization of the master lasers. © 2012 Optical Society of America.This work is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under project TEC2009-14581-C02-02. A. Quirce was supported in part by the Fondo Social Europeo (FSE) under the programme Junta de Ampliación de Estudios (JAE-predoc). H. Lin acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1068789.Peer Reviewe

Power and wavelength polarization bistability with very wide hysteresis cycles in a 1550nm-VCSEL subject to orthogonal optical injection

We have measured optical power and wavelength polarization bistability in a 1550nm-Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonally-polarized optical injection into the orthogonal polarization of the fundamental transverse mode. Optical bistability with very wide hysteresis cycles, up to four times wider than previously reported results has been measured for both the optical power and wavelength domain. We also report the experimental observation of three different shapes of polarization bistability, anticlockwise, clockwise and X-Shape bistability, all of them with wide hysteresis cycles. This rich variety of behaviour at the important wavelength of 1550 nm offers promise for the use of VCSELs for all-optical signal processing and optical switching/routing applications. ©2009 Optical Society of America

VCSEL-Based Optical Frequency Combs Expansion Induced by Polarized Optical Injection

ABSTRACT: The present theoretical work studies optical frequency combs (OFCs) associated with both linear polarizations of a gain switching vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to optical injection of arbitrary polarization. The overall OFC, formed by the two orthogonally polarized sub-combs, can have an expanded optical span in agreement with experiments reported by Prior et al. We show that the maximum optical span is obtained for a certain angle between the linearly polarized optical injection and the direction of emission of the main mode of the free-running VCSEL. We find that this angle decreases as the injection strength increases. We also characterize the maximum expansion of the optical span of the overall comb. For VCSELs with large birefringence splitting the maximum expansion is the optical span of the free-running OFC, while for small birefringence splitting VCSELs the maximum expansion is the value of the birefringence splitting.This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE), Spain under project TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P

Quantum random number generator based on polarization switching in gain-switched VCSELs

We experimentally study a quantum random number generator based on the random excitation of the linearly polarized modes of a gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Our device is characterized by having polarization switching under continuous wave operation. By measuring the linear polarization mode that is excited in each pulse we collect a sufficient number of bits to evaluate if a standard statistical test suite is passed. We consider linear and Von Neumann post-processing methods in order to reduce the bias with different levels of bits rejection. The post-processed bit strings pass all tests in the standard test suite for random number generators provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We finally compare the results obtained with different post-processing functions, including several [n, k, d] linear BCH codes. We show that large values of n and k are the best choice to obtain simultaneously improved throughput and randomness.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-110633GB-I00MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2021- 123459OB-C22 MCIN/AEI/FEDER, UE). A. Quirce acknowledges financial support from Beatriz Galindo program, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain)