Assay of empagliflozin tablets by a stability-indicating micellar electrokinetic chromatography method and cytotoxicity study of degraded samples

The first method by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the determination of empagliflozin in tablets was developed and validated following the ICH guidelines. The separation was achieved in a fused silica capillary with 50 µm x 40 cm (inner diameter x effective length) at 28 ºC, +28 kV voltage, hydrodynamic injection 4s (50 mBar), detection at 225 nm and paracetamol was the internal standard. The running electrolyte was a mixture of 20 mM tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (pH 10) and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (1:1). Specificity was evaluated by the stress testing and the method was specific, with no interference of the degradation product. Linearity was observed in the range of 50 to 150 μg/mL (r=0.9999). The method showed adequate accuracy (recovery value=100.60±0.60%), precision (RSD values <2%) and robustness, which was evaluated by a full factorial design 23. Drug degradation kinetics was evaluated in alkaline andacidic conditions and first-order kinetic was observed in both conditions. The cytotoxicity of sample solutions degraded by UVA and UVC radiation, alkaline and acid media were studied as well. A similar cellular viability profile was observed with a slight decrease only in samples degraded by UVC radiation and basic medium

A fully validated microbiological assay for daptomycin injection and comparison to HPLC method

Daptomycin (DPT) was the first lipopeptide antibiotic available for commercialization. It is active against gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains. This work aimed to develop and validate a turbidimetric microbiologic assay to determine daptomycin in an injectable form. A 3x3 design was employed, at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4.0 µg/mL. The microorganism test used was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, and Antibiotic Medium 3 was used as the culture medium. Method validation demonstrated that the bioassay was linear (r=0.9995), precise (RSD=2.58%), accurate (recovery 100.48± 2.11%), and robust. Degradation kinetics was also performed in an alkaline medium, indicating that daptomycin degradation follows first order kinetics under these conditions. The analyses of degraded solutions showed that daptomycin degradation products do not possess bactericidal activity. The bioassay was compared to HPLC method that was previously developed and no significant difference was found between them (p>;0.05). The method proved to be appropriate for daptomycin injection quality control.A daptomicina (DPT) é o primeiro lipopeptídeo cíclico disponível para comercialização. Possui atividade frente a bactérias gram-positivas, incluindo cepas resistentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um ensaio microbiológico turbidimétrico para quantificar a daptomicina na forma injetável. Empregou-se delineamento 3x3, nas concentrações de 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 µg/mL. Como micro-organismo teste foi usado Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, e Meio para Antibióticos nº 3 foi empregado como meio de cultura. A validação do método demonstrou que o ensaio foi linear (r=0,9995), preciso (RSD=2,55%), exato (recuperação de 100,48 ± 2,11%) e robusto. A cinética de degradação em meio alcalino foi avaliada, indicando que a daptomicina segue cinética de primeira ordem nessa condição. A análise das soluções degradadas mostrou que os produtos de degradação da daptomicina não possuem atividade antimicrobiana. O bioensaio foi comparado com o método por CLAE previamente desenvolvido e não houve diferença significativa entre ambos (

Avaliação da atividade neuroprotetora do extrato de Kava (Piper methysticum), e seus possíveis mecanismos de ação, em hipocampo de ratos, utilizando modelos in vitro submetidos a privação de oxigênio e glicose

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ARTE E FOTOGRAFIA NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA A PARTIR DA PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA

This essay is about art and photography in the context of the indigenous school, from the perspective of Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Photography is recognized as a form of artistic expression that involves creativity, criticism and transformation of the world. Currently, photographic images are also used by many indigenous people as a strategy in the fight for rights. The article presents a brief report of an experience developed at the Itaty School, located in Morro dos Cavalos, Palhoça - Santa Catarina, focused on the construction of an indigenous visual collection.O presente artigo discute sobre arte e fotografia no contexto da escola indígena, sob a perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC), reconhecendo a fotografia como uma forma de expressão artística capaz de despertar a criatividade, a criticidade e o desejo de ação sobre o mundo. As imagens fotográficas também são utilizadas pelos indígenas como estratégia na luta por direitos. O artigo apresenta um breve relato de uma experiência desenvolvida na Escola Itaty, localizada na Terra Indígena Guarani Morro dos Cavalos, na cidade de Palhoça - Santa Catarina, que teve como foco a construção de um acervo visual indígena

Citotoxidade do ATP extracelular em fatias organotípicas de hipocampo de ratos e linhagens de gliomas

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Estudo do envolvimento das proteínas de choque térmico HSP27 e HSP70 na vulnerabilidade seletiva de culturas organotípicas de hipocampo de ratos

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Efeito do ácido quinolínico na captação de glutamato e na lipoperoxidação em hipocampo e estriato de ratos jovens

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Avaliação do efeito do lítio sobre a captação de glutamato em fatias hipocampais expostas à privação de oxigênio e glicose

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Tapeworm Eggs in a 270 Million-Year-Old Shark Coprolite

Remains of parasites in vertebrates are rare from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. Once most parasites that live in - or pass through - the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, fossil feces (coprolites) or even intestinal contents (enterolites) can eventually preserve their remains. Here we announce the discovery of a spiral shark coprolite from the Paleozoic bearing a cluster of 93 small oval-elliptical smooth-shelled structures, interpreted as eggs of a tapeworm. The eggs were found in a thin section of an elasmobranch coprolite. Most of the eggs are filled by pyrite and some have a special polar swelling (operculum), suggesting they are non-erupted eggs. One of the eggs contains a probable developing larva. The eggs are approximately 145-155 mu m in length and 88-100 mu m in width and vary little in size within the cluster. The depositional and morphological features of the eggs closely resemble those of cestodes. Not only do the individual eggs have features of extant tapeworms, but their deposition all together in an elongate segment is typical to modern tapeworm eggs deposited in mature segments (proglottids). This is the earliest fossil record of tapeworm parasitism of vertebrates and establishes a timeline for the evolution of cestodes. This discovery shows that the fossil record of vertebrate intestinal parasites is much older than was hitherto known and that the interaction between tapeworms and vertebrates occurred at least since the Middle-Late Permian

Envolvimento da proteína cinase B(Akt) e da fosfatase da proteína PI3-K (PTEN) na neurotoxicidade provocada pelo peptídeo AB25-35 em cultura organotípica de hipocampo de ratos

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