A cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade: honra e infâmia (Corte do Brasil, 1809-1833)

Referente ao Sul-Sudeste escravista do Brasil nas três primeiras décadas do século XIX, o artigo aborda assunto pouco conhecido pela historiografia: literalmente, a cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade. A construção da face nesta sociedade escravista estava relacionada à infâmia da escravidão e à honra da liberdade, o que levou a diferentes percepções/classificações dos rostos por agentes da Polícia da Corte do Brasil. Protagonistas de suas aparências, homens livres, forros e escravos, de diferentes naturalidades, tiveram seus “retratos falados” descritos conforme suas condições jurídicas, origens e faixas etárias. Eram homens em trânsito que saíam do Rio de Janeiro para vários destinos. A barba era um atributo crucial para atestar honra-liberdade, e sua ausência ou pouco volume caracterizavam faces escravas. Para aferir a hipótese, utilizamos despachos de escravos e passaportes de viajantes emitidos pela Polícia da Corte entre os anos de 1809 a 1833, cruzados a gravuras de viajantes e dicionários de época.

Cortisol secretion after adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Dexamethasone tests in healthy female and male dogs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For the conclusive diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome, a stimulating ACTH test or a low suppressive Dexamethasone test is used. Reports in other species than the dog indicate that plasma cortisol concentration after ACTH administration is affected by gender. We investigated the effect of gender on the cortisol response to ACTH and Dexamethasone tests in dogs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seven healthy adult Cocker Spaniels (4 females and 3 males) were assigned to a two by two factorial design: 4 dogs (2 females and 2 males) received IV Dexamethasone 0.01 mg/kg, while the other 3 dogs received an IV saline solution (control group). Two weeks later the treatments were reversed. After one month, ACTH was given IV (250 μg/animal) to 4 dogs (2 female and 2 males) while the rest was treated with saline solution (control group). Cortisol concentrations were determined by a direct solid-phase radioimmunoassay and cholesterol and triglycerides by commercial kits.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>No effect of treatment was observed in metabolite concentrations, but females presented higher cholesterol concentrations. ACTH-treated dogs showed an increase in cortisol levels in the first hour after sampling until 3 hours post injection. Cortisol concentrations in Dexamethasone-treated dogs decreased one hour post injection and remained low for 3 hours, thereafter cortisol concentrations increased. The increase in cortisol levels from one to two hours post ACTH injection was significantly higher in females than males. In Dexamethasone-treated males cortisol levels decreased one hour post injection up to 3 hours; in females the decrease was more pronounced and prolonged, up to 5 hours post injection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have demonstrated that cortisol response to ACTH and Dexamethasone treatment in dogs differs according to sex.</p

Cliocanarias III

Este número de Cliocanarias ofrece un conjunto de artículos de investigación y divulgación relativos a muy diversos temas y ámbitos territoriale

Ruminal degradability In Situ of nutritive components of some

As degradabilidades in situ da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do caroço de algodão integral (CAI), farelo de soja (FS), grão de girassol (GG), torta de nabo forrageiro (TN) e do milho triturado (MT) foram determinadas com a incubação de sacos de náilon no rúmen de cinco bovinos ½ sangue Simental-Zebu. As degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) a taxa de passagem de 5%/h, foram, respectivamente, 40,93 e 48,95% para o caroço de algodão integral; 67,35 e 53,20% para o farelo de soja; 63,38 e 72,50% para o grão de girassol; 66,59 e 57,82 para torta de nabo forrageiro e 63,65 e 54,18% para o milho triturado. Por meio das taxas de fermentação dos diferentes componentes nutritivos determinadas neste experimento, pode-se concluir que a torta de nabo forrageiro tem potencial para substituir o farelo de soja como fonte protéica na alimentação de ruminantes; o grão de girassol apresenta elevada fração solúvel da proteína bruta e o teor de extrato etéreo presente no caroço de algodão pode afetar negativamente a degradação da matéria seca e da matéria orgânica deste alimento, principalmente quando este é fornecido triturado aos animais.Degradability “in situ” of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of whole cotton seed (WCS), soybean meal (SM), sunflower seed (SS), turnip cake (TC) and ground corn (GC) were determined with incubation of nylon bags in the rumen of five steers ½ Simmental-Zebu. The effective degradability (ED) of dry matter and crude protein with 5%/h of passage rate were respectively 40,93 and 48,95% for cotton seed; 67,35 and 53,20% for soybean meal; 63,38 and 72,50% for sunflower seed; 66,59 and 57,82% for turnip cake and 3,65 e 54,18% for ground corn. Through the fermentation rates of the different nutritious components determined on this experiment it was concluded that turnip cake has a potential to substitute soybean meal as a protein source in ruminant feeding; sunflower seed presents a high soluble fraction of crude protein and the cotton seed ether extract may affect negatively the degradation of dry matter and organic matter of this feed, specially when provided ground to the animals