3,252 research outputs found

    Relação dialética no processo ensino-aprendizagem: desafios à formação docente

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    Em um contexto que denuncia uma situação grave no cenário educacional (altas taxas de reprovação e abandono e baixos resultados acadêmicos em testes de larga escala) lança-se a questão: por que nossas crianças e jovens não estão aprendendo o que deveriam quando deveriam? Este ensaio, propondo uma articulação entre os campos da psicologia, sociologia e filosofia educacional, traz uma análise sobre como educadores vêm compreendendo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos contextos escolares a partir de uma revisão de literatura de como a formação de professores poderia atuar para favorecer aos futuros professores práticas que possibilitem uma aprendizagem interativa e significativa para todos

    Chronic abdominal pain with a difficult diagnosis

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    Methodological challenges from a perspective of net of meanings

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    O trabalho busca explicitar alguns dos pressupostos da perspectiva teórico-metodológica denominada Rede de Significações. Inicialmente utilizada para a investigação do desenvolvimento humano, ela tem sido incorporada em estudos sobre educação e saúde e em temáticas variadas. Especificamente, o texto procura explorar questões metodológicas assim como os referenciais com os quais essa perspectiva dialoga. Partindo de uma contextualização dos paradigmas que compreendem os fenômenos em sua complexidade, discutem-se os desafios encontrados pelo pesquisador na análise de um conjunto de elementos de ordem pessoal, relacional e contextual que interagem na realidade investigada. Postula-se a necessidade de uma dialética que contemple a descrição de uma microistória dos processos que seja interpretável de uma perspectiva semiótica e considere as condições mais amplas da cultura e da história. Discute-se ainda a relação sujeito-objeto de observação/investigação e o papel ativo do pesquisador, compreendido como um ferramenteiro, nos estudos empíricos.This work seeks to clarify some of the assumptions of the theoretical-methodological perspective known as Net of Meanings which was initially used to investigate human development and lately has been incorporated into studies about education, health, and other subjects. Specifically, the text looks into methodological issues arising from its appropriation, as well as from the referentials with which this perspective holds a dialogue. Starting from the contextualization of paradigms which includes the phenomena in their complexity, in their transformation processes and that are systematically constituted by multiple dimensions, the challenges the researcher comes across are discussed in the analysis of the set of elements of personal, relational, and contextual order which interacts in the reality being investigated. Our assumption is that there is a need for a dialectical approach that contemplates the description of a micro history of the processes which can be interpreted from a semiotics perspective and which takes into account the most comprehensive conditions of culture and history. The relationship between the subject-object of the observation/investigation and the active role played by the researcher, who is seen as a toolmaker in the empirical studies, is also discussed

    Crioglobulinemia na hepatite crônica C: aspectos clínicos e resposta ao tratamento com interferon alfa e ribavirina

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    INTRODUCTION: The main extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis C is mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The aim of this study was to evaluate its prevalence among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), to correlate its presence to host and virological variables and to the response to combined therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: 202 CHC naive patients (136 with chronic hepatitis and 66 with cirrhosis) were consecutively evaluated for the presence of cryoglobulins. Cryoprecipitates were characterized by immunoelectrophoresis and classified according to the Brouet's criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of MC was 27% (54/202), and 24% of them (13/54) showed major clinical manifestation of the disease. Even though type III MC was more frequent (78%), symptomatic MC was more common in type II MC. The presence of cirrhosis (RR = 2.073; IC95% = 1.029 - 4.179; p = 0.041), and age of the patients (RR = 1.035; IC95% = 1.008 - 1.062; p = 0.01) were independently associated with the presence of cryoglobulins. No relationship was found with viral load and genotype. 102 patients were treated with interferon alpha and ribavirin. Among these, 31 had MC. Sustained virological response (around 30%) was similar in patients with and without MC (p = 0.971). CONCLUSION: MC represents a prevalent complication in patients with CHC, specially older and cirrhotic patients. Only 24% of these patients show clinical manifestation of the disease, specially those with type II MC. The presence of MC did not affect the response to therapy.INTRODUÇÃO: A crioglobulinemia mista (CM) representa importante complicação extra-hepática da hepatite C. Nesse estudo avaliamos sua prevelência em pacientes com hepatite C crônica (HCC) e relacionamos sua presença com aspectos clínicos e resposta ao tratamento com interferon alfa e ribavirina. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: 202 pacientes consecutivos com HCC (136 com hepatite crônica e 66 com cirrose) foram avaliados para a presença de CM. Os crioprecipitados foram caracterizados por imunoeletroforese e classificados de acordo com BROUET et al. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de CM nessa população foi de 27% (54/202), e, desses, 24% (13/54) apresentaram manifestações clínicas maiores da doença. Embora MC tipo III tenha sido a forma mais freqüentemente encontrada, a doença sintomática foi mais comum entre os pacientes com MC tipo II. A presença de cirrose (RR = 2,073; IC95% = 1,029 - 4,179; p = 0,041) e a idade do paciente (RR = 1,035; IC95% = 1,008 - 1,062; p = 0,01) estiveram independentemente associadas à presença de CM. Não houve associação entre a presença de CM e genótipo ou carga viral do vírus C. No total, 102 pacientes foram tratados com interferon alfa e ribavirina. Desses, 31 apresentavam CM. A resposta virológica sustentada (em torno de 30%) não diferiu entre pacientes com e sem CM (p = 0,971). CONCLUSÃO: CM é uma freqüente complicação na HCC, especialmente em pacientes com idade avançada e com cirrose hepática. Apenas 24% desses pacientes apresentam manifestações clínicas da doença, sendo mais freqüentes entre portadores de CM tipo II. A presença de crioglobulinemia não afetou a resposta virológica ao tratamento com interferon alfa e ribavirina

    O VALE CULTURA NA VISÃO DE GESTORES DE EMPRESAS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO SUL DO BRASIL

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    A Lei Federal nº 12.761/2012 instituiu o Programa de Cultura do Trabalhador para garantir a implementação de direitos culturais aos trabalhadores e incentivar a cadeia produtiva da cultura. Este artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa com objetivo de perceber como se dá o processo de implantação deste programa, em Itajaí – SC. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratória, qualiquantitativa, sob a abordagem da hermenêutica fenomenológica. O público alvo foi composto porempresas itajaienses optantes do lucro real. A coleta de dados realizou-se por pesquisa bibliográfi ca e documental e por entrevistas estruturadas individuais,com três gestores e três trabalhadores por empresa. O resultado mostrou que os gestores não percebem viabilidade econômica nesta política, nem benefício aos trabalhadores devido à diminuta rede credenciada local de recebedoras do Vale Cultura.Palavras-chave: Vale cultura, isenção fi scal, comunicação, qualidade de vida

    Formação de professores e o atendimento ao público-alvo da Educação Especial

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    El trabajo en cuestión se desarrolló a partir de una encuesta de carácter exploratorio - donde matrices curriculares y programas de estudio relacionadas con Educación Especial y / o Educación Inclusiva, Lengua de Signos Brasileña (Libras) y prácticas en Educación Especial y / o Educación Inclusiva de IES en el Estado de Río de Janeiro - y los relatos de experiencia de un maestro de Educación Especial. Buscamos comprender cómo la formación inicial, a un nivel superior, ha preparado a los futuros profesores de educación básica para trabajar con estudiantes con discapacidad. Entendiendo la asistencia escolar a clases regulares como un derecho de este público, atendiendo a sus necesidades específicas, merece atención la preparación de los profesionales que los recibirán en las escuelas públicas. A través de las experiencias presentadas, reflexionamos y hacemos recomendaciones sobre el proceso de formación docente y los desafíos que enfrentan estos profesionales para brindar asistencia educativa al público objetivo de Educación Especial. Los resultados apuntan a una formación aún deficiente de los futuros docentes en esta área, aunque ya estén actuando durante la graduación como mediadores de estos estudiantes en la educación básica

    Comparison of prophylactic and therapeutic use of short-chain fatty acid enemas in diversion colitis: a study in Wistar rats

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    OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of short-chain fatty-acids on atrophy and inflammation of excluded colonic segments before and after the development of diversion colitis. INTRODUCTION: Diversion colitis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting the dysfunctional colon, possibly evolving with mucous and blood discharge. The most favored hypotheses to explain its development is short-chain fatty-acid deficiency in the colon lumen. METHODS: Wistar rats were submitted to colostomy with distal colon exclusion. Two control groups (A1 and B1) received rectally administered physiological saline, whereas two experimental groups (A2 and B2) received rectally administered short-chain fatty-acids. The A groups were prophylactically treated (5th to 40th days postoperatively), whereas the B groups were therapeutically treated (after post-operative day 40). The mucosal thickness of the excluded colon was measured histologically. The inflammatory reaction of the mucosal lamina propria and the lymphoid tissue response were quantified through established scores. RESULTS: There was a significant thickness recovery of the colonic mucosa in group B2 animals (p = 0.0001), which also exhibited a significant reduction in the number of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria (p = 0.0126) and in the intestinal lumen (p = 0.0256). Group A2 showed no mucosal thickness recovery and significant increases in the numbers of lymphocytes (p = 0.0006) and eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa (p = 0.0022). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic use of short-chain fatty-acids significantly reduced eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cell numbers in the intestinal wall and in the colonic lumen; it also reversed the atrophy of the colonic mucosa. Prophylactic use did not impede the development of mucosal atrophy

    INTERVENTION STUDY WITH SCHOOLCHILDREN USING THE CARD GAME "THE PYRAMID ENIGMA" ABOUT HEALTHY EATING

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    Objective: to evaluate the knowledge about healthy eating promoted by educational technology.Method: quasi-experimental (pre/posttest design) performance evaluation study.test design). Participated 204 students, aged between nine and 10 years, from three public schools of Recife-PE-Brazil, in September 2018. Knowledge gain was observed by the following process: decreasing from the Mean Score Observed after the intervention (PMO-2) to the Mean Score Observed before the intervention (PMO-1); dividing the number obtained by PMO-1 and then multiplying the result obtained by 100.Results: before the intervention 16/204 students (7.8%) scored ≥ 7. After the intervention 160/204 students (78.4%) achieved this score. The proportion of students who scored ≤ 5 went from 49/204 (24%) to 1/204 (0.5%). Four students maintained their initial score. The average knowledge gain after a single move was 38.5%.Conclusion: these results proved the effectiveness of the game, and its use promoted socialization among the students

    Expression of an scFv antibody fragment in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro assessment of its neutralizing potential against the snake venom metalloproteinase BaP1 from Bothrops asper

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    Human accidents with venomous snakes represent an overwhelming public health problem, mainly in rural populations of underdeveloped countries. Their high incidence and the severity of the accidents result in 81,000 to 138,000 deaths per year. The treatment is based on the administration of purified antibodies, produced by hyper immunization of animals to generate immunoglobulins (Igs), and then obtained by fractionating hyper immune plasma. The use of recombinant antibodies is an alternative to conventional treatment of snakebite envenoming, particularly the Fv fragment, named the single-chain variable fragment (scFv). We have produced recombinant single chain variable fragment scFv against the venom of the pit viper Bothrops asper at high levels expressed transiently and stably in transgenic plants and in vitro cultures that is reactive to BaP1 (a metalloproteinase from B. asper venom). The yield from stably transformed plants was significantly (p > 0.05) higher than the results in from transient expression. In addition, scFvBaP1 yields from systems derived from stable transformation were: transgenic callus 62 μg/g (±2); biomass from cell suspension cultures 83 μg/g (±0.2); culture medium from suspensions 71.75 mg/L (±6.18). The activity of scFvBaP1 was confirmed by binding and neutralization of the fibrin degradation induced by BnP1 toxins from B. neuwiedi and by Atroxlysin Ia from B. atrox venoms. In the present work, we demonstrated the potential use of plant cells to produce scFvBaP1 to be used in the future as a biotechnological alternative to horse immunization protocols to produce anti-venoms to be used in human therapy against snakebites.Fil: Gomes, Marinna. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Alvarez, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides; ArgentinaFil: Quellis, Leonardo Ramos. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Laguía Becher, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Juciane Maria de Andrade. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Gameiro, Jacy. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Caporrino, Maria Cristina. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; BrasilFil: Silva, Ana Maria Moura da. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; BrasilFil: Santos, Marcelo de Oliveira. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasi
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