98 research outputs found

    O COLÉGIO PEDRO II ENCONTRA O SÉCULO XXI

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    A decisão de dedicar um número da Revista Contemporânea de Educação ao Colégio Pedro II deve-se à importância dessa instituição federal de ensino para a história da educação brasileira e, particularmente, para a história da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O Colégio Pedro II é parte da vida da atual capital do estado. Escola secular, fundada em 1837, recupera, em 1911, o nome Pedro II, após uma longa crise no início da República, quando passou a se chamar Ginásio Nacional. Ao longo de todos esses anos, recebeu gerações de cariocas, e de brasileiros de diferentes regiões, a princípio quase que exclusivamente ligados à elite política e intelectual1, e, posteriormente, oriundos de segmentos diversificados da população. Filhos de pequenos comerciantes nos anos 1940, da classe média urbana instruída e liberal nos anos 1950/60, das camadas populares a partir de 1984, quando da implantação do primeiro segmento do ensino fundamental com ingresso na classe de alfabetização feito por sorteio universal

    QUANDO O ESTADO PEDE SOCORRO À RELIGIÃO

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    O artigo trata da implantação do ensino religioso no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com base na lei 3.459/2000. Constatou-se que, na ausência de propostas oriundas do próprio campo educacional para a formação geral dos alunos, a disciplina tem ocupado esse espaço, extrapolando sua atuação para além da formação religiosa, prevista em lei. Apresenta-se a idéia de que, frente às dificuldades enfrentadas pelo sistema escolar no processo de incorporação de grandes parcelas das classes populares, o Estado abdica de seu papel socializador e cede à religião parte de suas responsabilidades

    Between the pioneering spirit and impasse: the 1920 São Paulo state reform

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    Taking as a starting point the current concerns with the improvement of the quality of brazilian primary education schools, the text re-examines the reform of 1920 in São Paulo State, which made explicit the political dilemma that would last for the whole of the 20th century between the expansion and the quality of school systems. The historical importance of that reform has been recognized in view of its pioneering attempts at innovating teaching methods and rationalizing management procedures. The conflict is pointed out here between the curriculum proposals of the reform and its proclaimed priority of achieving widespread children literacy in the State of São Paulo when the first four years of primary education had been shortened by the same reform to a period of two years with two and a half hours daily attendance. The reform brings about in a technically justifiable way the "solution" of reducing daily attendance as a condition to increase places at school. Such measures then became generalized practices in education systems throughout the country. The present work also investigates the contradictions evidenced in that reform between the first assimilations of the New School pedagogy and the tendency to simplification and impoverishment of the Brazilian state school. In the present moment when the universalization of education in Brazil seems to configure a new level of demand, requiring new political solutions to achieve high quality in education, the text focuses in retrospect the kind of political solution employed by the 1920 reform in São Paulo, highlighting its unanticipated and undesirable results, in the hope of contributing to a better resolution of the challenges faced today.Partindo das atuais preocupações com a melhoria da qualidade das escolas brasileiras de educação fundamental, o texto reexamina a reforma do ensino paulista de 1920, a qual explicitou o dilema político que atravessaria todo o século xx entre expansão e qualidade nos sistemas educacionais. Sua importância histórica tem sido registrada devido a seu pioneirismo na tentativa de inovar métodos de ensino e de racionalizar procedimentos administrativos. Neste trabalho, aponta-se o conflito entre a proposta curricular da reforma em questão e sua prioridade declarada de alfabetizar em massa as crianças do estado em um curso primário por ela reduzido a dois anos de duração e duas horas e meia diárias de aula. A reforma inaugura de forma tecnicamente justificada a "solução" da redução do tempo de permanência das crianças na escola como condição para a ampliação da oferta de vagas, o que veio a se tornar uma prática generalizada nos sistemas educacionais de todo o país. São analisadas também as contradições nela reveladas entre as primeiras apropriações da pedagogia escolanovista e as tendências à simplificação e empobrecimento da escola pública brasileira No momento atual em que a universalização do atendimento parece configurar um outro patamar a exigir novas soluções políticas para a obtenção da qualidade educacional, o texto enfoca retrospectivamente o tipo de solução política utilizada pela reforma paulista de 1920, destacando seus resultados imprevistos e indesejados, com vistas a um bom equacionamento dos desafios ora presentes

    Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

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    Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

    Emissions Trading, CDM, JI, and More - The Climate Strategy of the EU

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