4,218 research outputs found
Shannon entropy and particle decays
We deploy Shannon's information entropy to the distribution of branching
fractions in a particle decay. This serves to quantify how important a given
new reported decay channel is, from the point of view of the information that
it adds to the already known ones. Because the entropy is additive, one can
subdivide the set of channels and discuss, for example, how much information
the discovery of a new decay branching would add; or subdivide the decay
distribution down to the level of individual quantum states (which can be
quickly counted by the phase space). We illustrate the concept with some
examples of experimentally known particle decay distributions.Comment: 12 pages, 18 plots; to appear in Nuclear Physics
Artefacts in geometric phase analysis of compound materials
The geometric phase analysis (GPA) algorithm is known as a robust and
straightforward technique that can be used to measure lattice strains in high
resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. It is also attractive
for analysis of aberration-corrected scanning TEM (ac-STEM) images that resolve
every atom column, since it uses Fourier transforms and does not require
real-space peak detection and assignment to appropriate sublattices. Here it is
demonstrated that in ac-STEM images of compound materials (i.e. with more than
one atom per unit cell) an additional phase is present in the Fourier
transform. If the structure changes from one area to another in the image (e.g.
across an interface), the change in this additional phase will appear as a
strain in conventional GPA, even if there is no lattice strain. Strategies to
avoid this pitfall are outlined.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Preprint before review, submitted to
Ultramicroscopy 7 April 201
Factors associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in schools
OBJECTIVE: To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager characteristics of the school and of the curriculum health education and drug use in the school. RESULTS: We found that 42.5% (95% CI 36.1-49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.OBJETIVO: Analisar se características dos dirigentes, das escolas e do currículo escolar estão associadas à implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas nas escolas do ciclo fundamental II e médio. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória sistemática de 263 dirigentes escolares. Os dados foram coletados nos anos de 2012 e 2013 por meio de um programa de envio de formulários pela internet. Aplicou-se questionário fechado, de autopreenchimento on-line. A análise estatística incluiu testes Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística. A variável desfecho foi a presença de programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas inserido no cotidiano e no programa pedagógico da escola. As variáveis explicativas foram divididas em: dados demográficos do dirigente; características da escola e do currículo; educação em saúde; e consumo de drogas na escola. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 42,5% (IC95% 36,1–49,1) das escolas avaliadas possuíam programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas. Com o modelo de regressão logística múltipla, observou-se que, a cada ano de atuação do dirigente na educação, a chance de a escola ter um programa aumentava em aproximadamente 4,0%. O fato de experimentar técnicas de ensino inovadoras também aumentou em cerca de seis vezes a chance de a escola desenvolver um programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas. As dificuldades na implantação dos programas foram mais presentes nas redes estadual e municipal, quando comparadas à rede privada, destacando-se: a falta de material didático, a falta de dinheiro e as demandas concorrentes para ensino de outras disciplinas. CONCLUSÕES: A implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas no município de São Paulo está associada à experiência do dirigente escolar na educação e nas estratégias de ensino da escola.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilSetor de Estatística Aplicada. Pró-reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva. Centro Brasileiro de Informações Sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilSetor de Estatística Aplicada. Pró-reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva. Centro Brasileiro de Informações Sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740,4 Andar, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCNPq: 472991/2012-4Web of Scienc
Fatores associados à implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas nas escolas
OBJECTIVE To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager; characteristics of the school and of the curriculum; health education; and drug use in the school. RESULTS We found that 42.5% (95%CI 36.1–49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.OBJETIVO Analisar se características dos dirigentes, das escolas e do currículo escolar estão associadas à implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas nas escolas do ciclo fundamental II e médio. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória sistemática de 263 dirigentes escolares. Os dados foram coletados nos anos de 2012 e 2013 por meio de um programa de envio de formulários pela internet. Aplicou-se questionário fechado, de autopreenchimento on-line. A análise estatística incluiu testes Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística. A variável desfecho foi a presença de programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas inserido no cotidiano e no programa pedagógico da escola. As variáveis explicativas foram divididas em: dados demográficos do dirigente; características da escola e do currículo; educação em saúde; e consumo de drogas na escola. RESULTADOS Constatou-se que 42,5% (IC95% 36,1–49,1) das escolas avaliadas possuíam programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas. Com o modelo de regressão logística múltipla, observou-se que, a cada ano de atuação do dirigente na educação, a chance de a escola ter um programa aumentava em aproximadamente 4,0%. O fato de experimentar técnicas de ensino inovadoras também aumentou em cerca de seis vezes a chance de a escola desenvolver um programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas. As dificuldades na implantação dos programas foram mais presentes nas redes estadual e municipal, quando comparadas à rede privada, destacando-se: a falta de material didático, a falta de dinheiro e as demandas concorrentes para ensino de outras disciplinas. CONCLUSÕES A implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas no município de São Paulo está associada à experiência do dirigente escolar na educação e nas estratégias de ensino da escola
Eye drop Self-medication: Comparative Questionnaire-based study of two Latin American cities.
A broad spectrum of ocular symptoms are treated by self-medication with commercial eye-drops. This behavior threatens individuals' visual health. In Latin America, evidence is poor.
Objective: To detect, characterize and compare patterns of ophthalmic self-medication between Córdoba (Argentina) and Barranquilla (Colombia).Design: Analytic, cross-sectional and comparative population-based study. Setting: Two private tertiary care ophthalmology centers from Córdoba, Argentina, and Barranquilla, Colombia.Participants: Patients 18 years of age or older who consulted for the first time in this two institutions duringAugust-November 2009, were included. A number of 570 patients were enrrolled.Methods: Data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Main outcome measure: To determine thefrequency of self-medication with eyedrops on a specific population of two cities in Latin America.Results: Comparable rates of ocular self-medication were found (25.6% and 25.7% for Cordoba and Barranquilla, respectively). The percentage of men and women who self-medicated was not significantly different between both samples. The major source of eye drops recommendation in the Argentineans patients was the pharmacist (31%); while the social source was predominant in Colombian individuals (53%). In Cordoba, the most frequently used product was a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drop in combination with a vasoconstrictive agent (32%); while in Barranquilla, antibiotic eye drops were preferred (33%). Self-medication was higher between the ages of 31 and 50 years old in Argentinean citizens (28%) and between 18 to 31 years old in the Colombiancommunity (39%). This habit was found mostly in patients who completed university studies in Cordoba (33%); in Barranquilla, individuals with lower educational level practice more this behavior (36%).Conclusion: In both populations, patients commonly treat ocular conditions by self-medicating. Currently, anincreasing number of eye drops are obtainable without prescription and a high percentage of self-medicated patients in both samples ignore the possible side effects of the used medication.Fil: Marquez, Gabriel. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Hildegard Piñeros-Heilbron. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Sanchez, Victoria M.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Victor Eduardo Roque. Fundación VER; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Gramajo, Ana L.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Claudio P.. Fundación VER; Argentina. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Peña, Fernando. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Luna, José D.. Fundación VER; Argentin
GC-TOF-MS metabolite profiling of drought tolerant Quercus ilex
Perfil metabólico primario de hojas de encina en respuesta al estrés hídrico por sequía
Hardware-based network slicing for supporting smart grids self-healing over 5G networks
As a fundamental technology in the Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile networks, network slicing creates multiple logical networks for various vertical businesses over the same physical 5G infrastructure to achieve cost-effective service provisioning. Meanwhile, mission-critical vertical businesses would require a very high level of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) that is beyond software-based network slicing approaches. In this paper, we address a highly demanding Smart Grid Self-Healing Automatic Reconfiguration use case to ensure ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency communications (uRLLC) through improved network slicing based on programmable hardware acceleration. Empirical results have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed approach in meeting the strict and challenging QoS requirements of this use case
Dual-Drive Directional Couplers for Programmable Integrated Photonics
A novel class of photonic integrated circuits employs large-scale integration
of combined beam splitters and waveguides loaded with phase actuators to
provide complex linear processing functionalities that can be reconfigured
dynamically. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a
thermally-actuated Dual-Drive Directional Coupler (DD-DC) design, integrated in
a silicon nitride platform, functioning both as a standalone optical component
providing arbitrary optical beam splitting and common phase as well as for its
use in waveguide mesh arrangements. We analyze the experimental demonstration
of the first integration of a triangular waveguide mesh arrangement, and the
first DD-DC based arrangement along with an extended analysis of its
performance and scalability
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