Em busca do desenvolvimento: extensão rural, educação e o INCRA

Propõe-se historiar a atuação do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), em aderência com experiências de educação e extensão rural. Privilegiam-se publicações produzidas nas áreas de educação e sociologia. Merecem destaque depoimentos e informações registradas em arquivos pessoais de educadores que participaram ativamente de processos de estruturação institucional que estão na base de propostas do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA) na atualidade.The proposal is to historicize the activities of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), combined to the experiences of education and rural extension. A focus is given to the publications produced in the field of education and sociology. A special highlight must be given to the statements and information recorded in the personal files of educators that have actively participated in the processes of institutional setting that currently underlie the proposals of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA)

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

O comércio justo e solidário é alternativa para segmentos populacionais empobrecidos? Estudo de caso em Território Kalunga (GO)

A presentation of the main results and discussions of a study case carried out in Kalunga territory (built up by former slaves´descendants) on the situation and prospects of fair trade in that site, based on the experiment developed by the Kalunga Fair Market enterprise (KMJ), in the small town of Cavalcante (GO). Here are some of the results we can point out: a) The Kalungas are below poverty level, being part of them below destitution level; b) It´s necessary to find alternatives to generate income for community survival; c) KMJ is an enterprise focused on market economy and is far from being a fair trade experience or ethical solidary trade; d) KMJ poses an alternative for the commercialization of Kalunga products and the relationship set up by the enterprise provides a significant increase of the family income; e) The challenge for the building-up of a new model to organize production, distribution and consumption of socially produced goods, as well as the exercise of alternative experiments can indeed be faced by the Kalungas, provided they have the support of public policies which, universal as they are, don´t fail to regard the unique features of their ethnic group

O comércio justo e solidário é alternativa para segmentos populacionais empobrecidos? Estudo de caso em Território Kalunga (GO)

A presentation of the main results and discussions of a study case carried out in Kalunga territory (built up by former slaves´descendants) on the situation and prospects of fair trade in that site, based on the experiment developed by the Kalunga Fair Market enterprise (KMJ), in the small town of Cavalcante (GO). Here are some of the results we can point out: a) The Kalungas are below poverty level, being part of them below destitution level; b) It´s necessary to find alternatives to generate income for community survival; c) KMJ is an enterprise focused on market economy and is far from being a fair trade experience or ethical solidary trade; d) KMJ poses an alternative for the commercialization of Kalunga products and the relationship set up by the enterprise provides a significant increase of the family income; e) The challenge for the building-up of a new model to organize production, distribution and consumption of socially produced goods, as well as the exercise of alternative experiments can indeed be faced by the Kalungas, provided they have the support of public policies which, universal as they are, don´t fail to regard the unique features of their ethnic group