Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity from aerial parts of Psychotria cupularis (Rubiaceae) / Atividade antiproliferativa e anti-inflamatória das partes aéreas de Psychotria cupularis (Rubiaceae)

The crude extract and fractions of aerial parts from Psychotria cupularis, collected at Camacan (Brazil), were tested for anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. A phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, anthraquinones, triterpenes, steroids and flavonoids. The crude extract and fractions inhibited the ear oedema in mice between 50.2 to 87.2% and the myeloperoxidase enzyme activity between 51.6 to 97.1%. The butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions was active against glioma, breast, ovary, kidney, colon and leukaemia cell line (IG50 = 4.3 to 16.9 ?g/mL). 

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - Part 2: Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

The aim of this article is to present the pediatric dentistry and orthodontic treatment protocol of rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate patients performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP). Pediatric dentistry provides oral health information and should be able to follow the child with cleft lip and palate since the first months of life until establishment of the mixed dentition, craniofacial growth and dentition development. Orthodontic intervention starts in the mixed dentition, at 8-9 years of age, for preparing the maxillary arch for secondary bone graft procedure (SBGP). At this stage, rapid maxillary expansion is performed and a fixed palatal retainer is delivered before SBGP. When the permanent dentition is completed, comprehensive orthodontic treatment is initiated aiming tooth alignment and space closure. Maxillary permanent canines are commonly moved mesially in order to substitute absent maxillary lateral incisors. Patients with complete cleft lip and palate and poor midface growth will require orthognatic surgery for reaching adequate anteroposterior interarch relationship and good facial esthetics

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Metabolic and Transcriptional Analysis of Acid Stress in Lactococcus lactis, with a Focus on the Kinetics of Lactic Acid Pools

The effect of pH on the glucose metabolism of non-growing cells of L. lactis MG1363 was studied by in vivo NMR in the range 4.8 to 6.5. Immediate pH effects on glucose transporters and/or enzyme activities were distinguished from transcriptional/translational effects by using cells grown at the optimal pH of 6.5 or pre-adjusted to low pH by growth at 5.1. In cells grown at pH 5.1, glucose metabolism proceeds at a rate 35% higher than in non-adjusted cells at the same pH. Besides the upregulation of stress-related genes (such as dnaK and groEL), cells adjusted to low pH overexpressed H+-ATPase subunits as well as glycolytic genes. At sub-optimal pHs, the total intracellular pool of lactic acid reached approximately 500 mM in cells grown at optimal pH and about 700 mM in cells grown at pH 5.1. These high levels, together with good pH homeostasis (internal pH always above 6), imply intracellular accumulation of the ionized form of lactic acid (lactate anion), and the concomitant export of the equivalent protons. The average number, n, of protons exported with each lactate anion was determined directly from the kinetics of accumulation of intra- and extracellular lactic acid as monitored online by 13C-NMR. In cells non-adjusted to low pH, n varies between 2 and 1 during glucose consumption, suggesting an inhibitory effect of intracellular lactate on proton export. We confirmed that extracellular lactate did not affect the lactate: proton stoichiometry. In adjusted cells, n was lower and varied less, indicating a different mix of lactic acid exporters less affected by the high level of intracellular lactate. A qualitative model for pH effects and acid stress adaptation is proposed on the basis of these results.

Time courses obtained by <i>in vivo</i> NMR during glucose metabolism in <i>L. lactis</i>.

<p>A, B, C and D: time courses obtained during the metabolism of [1-¹³C] glucose in non-growing cells of <i>L. lactis</i> as monitored online by <i>in vivo </i>¹³C-NMR. E and F: biochemical parameters determined during the metabolism of 40 mM glucose in <i>L. lactis</i> MG1363 as monitored online by <i>in vivo </i>³¹P-NMR. The experiments were carried out at 30 ^°C, under anaerobic conditions and pH controlled at 6.5 (orange diamonds), 5.5 (black diamonds), 5.1 (blue diamonds) and 4.8 (green diamonds). (A) Kinetics of [1-¹³C] glucose (40 mM) consumption, (B) extracellular pool of lactic acid, (C) pools of FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate), (D) profiles of intracellular lactic acid, (E) profiles of intracellular P_i, and (F) intracellular pH. The time points for glucose exhaustion are indicated by vertical dashed lines (graph A, B, C, D and E). The horizontal lines in graph F represent the constant values at which the extracellular pH was controlled. The lack of information on intra and extracellular concentrations of lactic acid at pH 6.5 is due to severe overlap of the lactic acid resonances at this pH and consequent large uncertainty in the measurements of individual areas. Each experiment was performed at least twice with good reproducibility.</p

Determination of <i>n</i>, the number of protons extruded from the cell concomitantly with each lactate.

<p>Profiles of total amounts of internal (open diamonds) and external (filled diamonds) lactate (mmol) in <i>L. lactis</i> cell suspensions metabolizing glucose at pH 5.5 (A), 5.1 (B) and 4.8 (C) by cells grown at pH 6.5 or cells at pH 5.1 and previously grown at pH 5.1 (D). The experimental points represented were obtained while glucose was available. The black lines indicate the value of <i>n</i>, that was obtained numerically from exponential fits to the intra- and extracellular lactic acid curves.</p