The spatial shift-share analysis - new developments and some findings for the Spanish case

The main feature of shift-share analysis is, according to Dunn (1960), the computation of geographical shifts in economic activity. Nevertheless, the traditional shift-share approach does not include explicitly the interaction between the considered spatial units (countries, municipalities, regions, etc) since each of these units is considered to be independent with respect to the others. The consideration of the spatial dependence was suggested by some authors who recognized that the decomposed effects are not spatially independent. Nazara y Hewings (2002, 2004) take up this idea again and implement a new shift-share model based on the existence of spatial dependence between the geographic units by means of the definition of a spatial weight matrix. In this paper a comparative analysis of the different models is carried out. The obtained conclusions are also illustrated with some empirical applications related to municipalities.

The evolution of the employment in the European Union. A stochastic shift and share approach

The employment is a main economic variable whose evolution has shown different dynamics within the European Union. Recent papers have recovered the significance of the sectoral factors in the explanation of the regional growth. In this sense, shift and share analysis has been considered an extremely useful technique and a standardization procedure has been developed to decompose the regional growth into three components: the national effect, the industry-mix effect and the competitive effect. Although shift and share analysis has been widely used in the explanation of the differences of growth between regions, this method has been criticized since its classical formulation does not allow to test hypotheses. Therefore, stochastic models have been developed as an extension of classical shift and share analysis, allowing the implementation of inferential processes and forecasting tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze the recent evolution of the employment in the European Union, developing a stochastic shift and share model and testing the sources of regional and sectoral differences.

Defining Scenarios through shift - share models. An Application to the regional employment

The analysis of different economic situations and risk factors is necessary in order to properly define forecasting scenarios. In this paper we focus on the shift-share model as a useful tool in the definition of economic scenarios, based on the different components that contribute to the change of a given economic magnitude (the so called national, sectoral and competitive effects). Although the most commonly used methodology is based on the “constant shift” and the “constant share” hypotheses, additional options can be considered based on the expected behaviour of the competitive effect, thus leading to more realistic scenarios. Once these new options are developed, this approach is applied to the definition of scenarios for the future evolution of the regional employment.

Optimal Phase Swapping in Low Voltage Distribution Networks Based on Smart Meter Data and Optimization Heuristics

In this paper a modified version of the Harmony Search algorithm is proposed as a novel tool for phase swapping in Low Voltage Distribution Networks where the objective is to determine to which phase each load should be connected in order to reduce the unbalance when all phases are added into the neutral conductor. Unbalanced loads deteriorate power quality and increase costs of investment and operation. A correct assignment is a direct, effective alternative to prevent voltage peaks and network outages. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of an optimization model for allocating phases consumers according to their individual consumption in the network of low-voltage distribution considering mono and bi-phase connections using real hourly load patterns, which implies that the computational complexity of the defined combinatorial optimization problem is heavily increased. For this purpose a novel metric function is defined in the proposed scheme. The performance of the HS algorithm has been compared with classical Genetic Algorithm. Presented results show that HS outperforms GA not only on terms of quality but on the convergence rate, reducing the computational complexity of the proposed scheme while provide mono and bi phase connections.This paper includes partial results of the UPGRID project. This project has re- ceived funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646.531), for further information check the website: http://upgrid.eu. As well as by the Basque Government through the ELKARTEK programme (BID3A and BID3ABI projects)

Images in Textbooks and Their Role in History Teaching. Design of an Analysis Tool

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el diseño de un instrumento de análisis de las imágenes de los libros de texto de Ciencias Sociales, Geografía e Historia, su proceso metodológico, y los primeros resultados obtenidos. Para esta cuestión se han escogido aquellas imágenes presentes en los manuales escolares de 4.º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de tres importantes editoriales en España. Se ha analizado el uso de la iconografía en las primeras unidades de este curso académico para comprobar si la imagen como recurso didáctico ayuda y complementa al alumno a ampliar su conocimiento histórico. Los primeros resultados reflejan que las imágenes más comunes en los manuales de historia son las obras pictóricas y su funcionalidad es principalmente estéticaThe aim of this paper is to show the design an instrument for analyzing the images in the textbooks of Social Sciences, Geography and History, the methodological process and the first results obtained. For this issue we have chosen those images present in the textbooks of 4th ESO produced by three major publishers in Spain. We analyzed the use of iconography in the first units of this academic year to check whether the image as a teaching aid helps the students to expand their knowledge of history. The first results show that the most common images in history books are paintings and their function is mostly aestheti

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Sin resume

Valoración de la Aplicación del Programa de Atención Educativa a la niñez de 0-3 años en el plan de clase de Infantes I, del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil “Rondas de Travesuras”, ubicado en el barrio Monimbó, del departamento de Masaya, durante el segundo semestre del año lectivo 2,016

La educación inicial busca promover el desarrollo de actitudes, conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, valores, hábitos relevantes y significativos, para los niños desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 años de edad, que favorezcan su desarrollo pleno. En la presente investigación se realiza una valoración de la aplicación del programa de atención educativa a la niñez de 0-3 años en los planes de clase de la docente de infantes I, del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Rondas de Travesuras, indagando sobre las fortalezas y dificultades dela docente al implementar el programa educativo, en la planificación de la clase. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo- descriptivo. Para reunir la información necesaria se aplicaron entrevistas a la educadora y directora del centro, se realizaron observaciones directas y análisis de los planes semanales. Posteriormente se efectuó el análisis de los resultados utilizando matrices de información, diario de campo y evidencias registradas por medio de fotografías, grabaciones y planes de clase. Los principales hallazgos son: la educadora realiza planes semanales. El programa es bastante nuevo para el centro ya que se está implementado hace un mes, pues anteriormente trabajaban con una guía de estimulación temprana. Para esto la directora brida documentos de apoyo que ayuden a facilitar la planificación, el cambio de programa les ha traído dificultades para expresar sus ideas, ya que solo transcriben del programa educativo. Han recibido capacitación en una ocasión. Las recomendaciones van dirigidas principalmente a las autoridades del MIFAM, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de realizar capacitaciones sobre el proceso planificación, para dar a conocer los componentes del programa educativo y la forma en que este debe ser implementado por las ducadoras, dando auge a la creatividad e iniciativ