La función socializadora del deporte en los programas electorales de los partidos políticos en España: elecciones genérales 2011

The objective of this work was to identify the manner in which the educational dimension of sport was dealt with in the election discourses of the manifestos of the political parties that stood candidates in the 2011 general elections in Spain. The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the concept that sports has integration and socialisation functions (García, Puig, Lagardera & Vilanova, 2017). A content analysis was used to examine the discourses in the manifestos. The study population comprised the 56 election manifestos of the parties that stood candidates, of these, 27 (48.2%) included some reference about the educational values of the sport. Data was processed using the SPSS 20 statistical package and the NVIVO 10 software. The political parties presented sport as an educational strategy for imparting positive values such as integral development, tolerance, etc. The ideas reflect a lack of ideological pluralism: concepts were generic and homogenous and there was a complete absence of specific educational measures aimed at fostering the social values of participation in sports activities. In conclusion, the sport is utilized as a mechanism of social control and normalization. This is possible because the social imaginary that sees sport as an excellent transmitter of social values. This work would advise political parties to include specify proposals and the intervention program on the promotion of sport in their manifestos as a means to stimulate the genuine improvement of social values.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar cómo fue mostrada la dimensión educativa del deporte en el discurso electoral de los programas de los partidos políticos que presentaron candidatura a las elecciones generales del 2011 en España. La perspectiva teórica del estudio parte de que el sistema deportivo tiene una función integradora y socializadora (García, Puig, Lagardera & Vilanova, 2017). Se utilizó el análisis de contenido para examinar el discurso de estos textos. Se utilizó el software NVIVO 10 y el SPSS 20. La población de estudio fue el conjunto de programas electorales de los partidos políticos que presentaron candidatura a las elecciones generales. La muestra fue de 56 programas electorales, de los cuales, 14 (25%) incluyeron alguna referencia sobre los valores educativos del deporte. Los partidos políticos presentaron al deporte en sus discursos de los programas electorales como una estrategia para la educación en valores positivos, tales como el desarrollo integral, la tolerancia, el afán de superación, la perseverancia, etc. Las ideas propuestas por los programas electorales reflejaron una falta de pluralidad ideológica, ya que fueron todas genéricas y homogéneas, prescindiendo de medidas educativas concretas para potenciar los valores sociales de la práctica deportiva. En conclusión, el deporte es utilizado como un mecanismo de control y normalización social. Esto es posible porque el imaginario social establece que el deporte es un excelente transmisor de valores sociales. Se recomienda la inclusión de propuestas educativas concretas de promoción deportiva por parte de los partidos políticos en sus programas electorales para desarrollar los valores sociales.Fundación Universitaria San Antonio | Ref. PMAFI/07/1

The representation of disability in physical education textbooks in Spain

The objective was to identify the main characteristics of the way that people with disabilities are represented in secondary physical education textbooks. The study was empirical and descriptive. The sample comprised 6.773 photographs. The methodology employed was a content analysis using an ad hoc observational instrument which was scientifically validated through a pilot study, a consultation with experts and an inter-coding test. Univariate and bivariate analysis were carried out; statistical calculations utilised SPSS 20.0. Results showed that the representation of people with disabilities in physical education textbooks is very limited, both in terms of frequency and diversity. Some positive changes were noted with regards to similar, previously published research. There are signs of a move away from an elite sports model towards a more varied representation that includes artistic motor expression, physical fitness training and physical activities in natural environments which do not necessarily take place in the traditional educational environment.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. PRE/2011/24

Differences in fatty acid metabolisms in domestic animals: some dilemmas and ideas to address body composition and obesity control

Relatively high amounts of fats or oils (mayor que 40-50 g/kg diet) are frequently used in animal nutrition. Vegetables oils are richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids than animal fats. Most of the works studying the effect of different dietary fat sources are focused either on the existing differences on fat digestibility depending on their fatty acid composition (Wiseman et al., 1991) or on their effect on the carcass fat fatty acid profile (Sanz et al., 1999a). lnformation regarding the effect of dietary fat saturation on fat utilization and deposition it is more limited. lt is generally assumed that, apart from differences in digestion, fatty acids of different composition are equally used for metabolic purposes

Comparative Analysis of Muscle Transcriptome between Pig Genotypes Identifies Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated to Growth, Fatness and Metabolism.

Iberian ham production includes both purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) Iberian pigs, which show important differences in meat quality and production traits, such as muscle growth and fatness. This experiment was conducted to investigate gene expression differences, transcriptional regulation and genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with the observed phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU pigs were slaughtered at birth. Morphometric measures and blood samples were obtained and samples from Biceps femoris muscle were employed for compositional and transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq technology. Phenotypic differences were evident at this early age, including greater body size and weight in IBxDU and greater Biceps femoris intramuscular fat and plasma cholesterol content in IB newborns. We detected 149 differentially expressed genes between IB and IBxDU neonates (p < 0.01 and Fold-Change > 1. 5). Several were related to adipose and muscle tissues development (DLK1, FGF21 or UBC). The functional interpretation of the transcriptomic differences revealed enrichment of functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism in IB and to cellular and muscle growth in IBxDU pigs. Protein catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and immune system were functions enriched in both genotypes. We identified transcription factors potentially affecting the observed gene expression differences. Some of them have known functions on adipogenesis (CEBPA, EGRs), lipid metabolism (PPARGC1B) and myogenesis (FOXOs, MEF2D, MYOD1), which suggest a key role in the meat quality differences existing between IB and IBxDU hams. We also identified several polymorphisms showing differential segregation between IB and IBxDU pigs. Among them, non-synonymous variants were detected in several transcription factors as PPARGC1B and TRIM63 genes, which could be associated to altered gene function. Taken together, these results provide information about candidate genes, metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphisms potentially involved in phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs associated to meat quality and production traits

Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Island Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Syncarida) database

This is the first published database of Bathynellacea. It includes all data of bathynellids (Crustacea, Bathynellacea) collected in the last 64 years (1949 to 2013) on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Island. Te samples come from groundwater (caves, springs, wells and hyporrheic habitat associated rivers) from both sampling campaigns and occasional sampling conducted throughout the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Te dataset lists occurrence data of bathynellids distribution, sampling sites (with localities, county and geographic coordinates), taxonomic information (from family to species level) and sampling sources (collector and sampling dates) for all records. Te descriptions of new species and species identifications have been carried out by an expert taxonomist (AIC) with 25 years experience in the bathynellids studies (see references). Many of the sampling sites are type localities of endemic species from Iberian Peninsula. Te dataset includes 409 samples record corresponding to two families, 12 genera and 58 species, 42 of them formally described plus 16 taxa unpublished and 47 samples in study. All species known from the study area are included, which nearly sum up a quarter of species of Bathynellacea known in the world (250 species).This work was supported by project CGL2010-15786 MICINN

Intersections between TikTok and TV: Channels and programmes thinking outside the box

The rise of the TikTok social network has caused the media to confront the younger generation. The platform, which hosts dances, challenges, and funny short videos, has unique features that force a reinvention of social networking strategies. Television has become social and has expanded to new platforms, while young people are abandoning the consumption of traditional television. In this study, we explore—for the first time—the presence of television channels and programmes on TikTok and an analysis of the main strategies shown in the 133 found profiles. The results describe a first exploratory phase that lacks specific strategies in most cases, while examples adapted to the logic of the social network emerge: content with a fun and simple tone, with participation in challenges and trends of the moment, as well as a positioning of the brand to—gradually—approach its future potential audiencesThis research has been developed within the research project “Digital Native Media in Spain: Storytelling Formats and Mobile Strategy” (RTI2018–093346-B-C33), funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Government of Spain) and the ERDF structural fundS

Presencia de sistemas de secreción de patógenos en bacterias endosimbióticas aisladas de Lupinus de la península Ibérica

Los rizobios son bacterias endosimbióticas capaces de fijar nitrógeno en estructuras especializadas de leguminosas. Esta simbiosis es altamente específica y depende, entre otros factores, de la capacidad de los rizobios de secretar proteínas efectoras a las células vegetales. Se han descrito diferentes sistemas de secreción en patógenos animales y vegetales y posteriormente también se han encontrado en algunos rizobios. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de varios sistemas de secreción identificados en dos cepas LmjC e ISLU101 aisladas de Lupinus marie-josephae y Lupinus angustifolius respectivamente. LmjC posee un sistema de secreción tipo III formado por agrupación de 33 genes cuya expresión dependería del activador transcripcional TtsI mediado a su vez por flavonoides secretados por la planta huésped. La cepa ISLU101 tiene dos sistemas de tipo VI de 19 y 16 genes cada uno. La importancia en la simbiosis de estos sistemas se está estudiando en estos momentos

Incorporación de extractos de la hoja de olivo en la dieta y características de calidad de la carne de cerdo

La carne de cerdo blanco se caracteriza por contener una alta proporción de ácidos grasos insaturados por lo que, en comparación con otras carnes, presenta una menor vida útil con el tiempo de conservación y un rápido deterioro oxidativo. En la actualidad el uso de antioxidantes sintéticos presenta un cierto rechazo social; por ello se está investigando como alternativa la utilización de antioxidantes naturales. La oleuropeína es un compuesto presente en las hojas de olivo cuya utilización en los piensos puede mejorar la calidad de la carne además de reportar otros beneficios económicos y ambientales

Esporte, publicidade e marcas nos livros didáticos de educação física

El marquismo se caracteriza por un consumo irreflexivo y desmedido, guiado por la exhibición de marcas, símbolo de prestigio e identificación con los grandes agentes mediáticos, entre ellos las figuras deportivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la presencia de publicidad encubierta y marcas en los libros de texto de Educación Física en España. Este aspecto compromete las finalidades del sistema educativo con respecto al consumo responsable. El estudio fue descriptivo y llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de 6.773 fotografías. Se realizó un análisis univariante y bivariante y se aplicó el test χ2, con una confianza de 95%. El porcentaje de fotografías con presencia de marca en los libros de Educación Física indicó una falta de atención a este fenómeno por parte de la institución educativa. Los libros reprodujeron el sistema de marcas y el patrocinio deportivo en sus fotografías. La presencia de marcas en los atuendos deportivos contribuye al fenómeno del marquismo en el alumnado. Las señas de identidad que encuentran los estudiantes en los libros de texto se vinculan con personas competitivas, que forman parte de la élite, visten ropa de marca y lucran con el patrocinio deportivo, independientemente de la ética comercial de la empresa patrocinadora. Así, los manuales escolares contribuyen a intereses comerciales privados.The brand mania is characterized by an unreflective and excessive consumption, guided by the exhibition of brands, symbol of prestige and identification with the great media personalities, including sports figures. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of hidden advertising and brands in Physical Education textbooks in Spain. This aspect compromises the current legislation and educational objectives regarding education for responsible consumption. We conducted a descriptive and content analysis of 6773 photographs, performed univariate and bivariate analyses, and applied the χ2 test, with a significance level of 95%. The percentage of photographs with brands in Physical Education textbooks indicated a lack of attention to this phenomenon by the educational institution. Textbooks reproduce the brands system and sports sponsorship in their photographs. The presence of photographs with brands in sports clothes entrenches the branding phenomenon in pupils. The hallmarks found in these textbooks are linked to competitive people, who belong to the elite, wear brand clothes and profit from sports sponsorship, regardless of the business ethic of the sponsoring company. Thus, school manuals contribute to private commercial interests.O marquismo é caracterizado pelo consumo impensado e excessivo, guiado pela exibição de marcas, símbolo de prestígio e identificação com os grandes agentes da mídia, incluindo figuras do esporte. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a presença de publicidade dissimulada e marcas nos livros de texto de Educação Física na Espanha. Esse aspecto compromete os objetivos do sistema educacional em relação ao consumo responsável. O estudo foi descritivo e foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo de 6773 fotografias. Foi feita uma análise univariada e bivariada e o teste do χ2 foi aplicado com 95% de confiança. O percentual de fotografias com presença de marca nos livros de Educação Física indicou uma falta de atenção a esse fenômeno por parte da instituição de ensino. Os livros reproduziram o sistema de marcas e o patrocínio esportivo em suas fotografias. A presença de marcas em roupas esportivas contribui para o fenômeno do marquismo nos alunos. As senhas de identidade que encontra o alunado nos livros de texto estão ligadas com pessoas competitivas, que fazem parte da elite, vestem roupas de marca e lucram com o patrocínio esportivo, independentemente da ética comercial da empresa patrocinadora. Assim, os manuais escolares contribuem para interesses comerciais particulares

The gendered social representation of physical education and sport science higher education in Spain

Background: In recent decades, Spain has seen a decline in girls’ interest in pursuing the Physical Activity and Sport Science (PASS) degree. For example, in Catalonia (Spain), the number of women enrolled has decreased from 39.3% in the 2000–2001 academic year to 17.3% in the 2014–2015 academic year (Serra, Soler, Vilanova et al. 2019), which is in line with technological and scientific degrees. This fact is striking because more women than men are enrolling in university studies in Spain overall. Purpose: Drawing on Bourdieu's theoretical tools and the concept of social representation, the purpose of this study is to analyse how young people perceive the PASS degree, in order to understand why fewer women than men choose this degree. Method: A total of 4146 students (50.2% girls; mean age = 16.82 years; SD = 0.837) from 39 school centres were purposefully selected in three regions of Spain. Students were enrolled in the final course of Compulsory Secondary Education (4th ESO, 16 years old) and the first of 2 years of the pre-university course (1st year of Bachillerato, 16–17 years old). An ad hoc instrument was designed to measure the Social Representation (SR) of the degree habitus and students’ interest in studying for the PASS degree. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS Statistics (v.23). Data were tested for normality. The statistical tests used were: Chi-square (X2) and Mann–Whitney U analysis. Findings: The results show that the SR of the degree habitus has a masculine characterization, which favours the number of men who study this degree. This SR could explain why the number of women in this field has been very low (around 18%) in Spain in recent years. Likewise, this SR would be a form of symbolic violence on girls who may wish to pursue these studies, but do not feel entitled to do so because it is considered a masculine field. The students are not able to identify this social construction, which eventually naturalizes the difference and makes the prevalence of men in these studies more socially acceptable. Conclusion: The SR of the degree habitus could be exercising a symbolic violence that would contribute to the discrepancy in the number of men and women who choose a PASS degree. To change the SR of the degree, it is necessary to substantially modify how it is constructed. Some of the options would involve a profound change in curriculum, built around a conception of body culture that is based on feminist political, philosophical, and ontological assumptions. This new construction would invoke a configuration of body culture not centred on the modern sport phenomenon and post-modern physical activity. The information that students receive to construct this masculine and instrumentalized SR of the degree should also be intentionally modified.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, convocatoria de Ayudas de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental no Orientada | Ref. DEP2012-31275Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya | Ref. PINEFC-201