Distribución de la familia Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares

This paper reviews all the knowledge on the presence and distribution of 26 species of the family Parabathynellidae Noodt, 1964 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The different genera, subgenera and species distributions are subjected to a basic analysis. The presence of these taxa in different subterranean aquatic habitats (caves, springs, wells and interstitial environment) is also discussed. The most sampled habitat was the interstitial environment (45%); the least sampled habitat was springs (5%). The most commonly found genus was Iberobathynella Schminke, 1973 (54%) and the rarest was Guadalopebathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998 (0.7%) All the knowledge on these taxa in the study area, in Europe and in the world is compared and evaluated. More species of the Parabathynellidae live on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands than in any other part of the world (26 species). Iberobathynella is a highly diversified genus endemic to the Iberian peninsula. Its diversity is comparable to another genus in the order, Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972, which also has 18 described species. However, Hexabathynella has a cosmopolitan distribution.En este trabajo se reúne y actualiza el conocimiento acerca de la presencia y distribución de 26 especies de batinelas de la familia Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) en la Península Ibérica y las Islas Baleares. Se analiza de forma crítica la distribución de los diferentes géneros, subgéneros y especies y se discute acerca de la presencia de los mismos en diferentes habitat acuáticos subterráneos (cuevas, fuentes o surgencias, pozos y medio intersticial asociado a ríos epigeos). El mayor número de puntos de muestreo corresponde al medio intersticial (45% del total) y en él se encuentran los cinco géneros presentes en el área de estudio; las surgencias constituyen el conjunto con menos puntos de muestreo (5%) y en ellas sólo se encuentran los géneros Iberobathynella (86%) y Hexaiberobathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998 (14%). El género Iberobathynella es el más común (54% de las muestras) y vive en todos los medios. El género Guadalopebathynella sólo se ha encontrado en el medio intersticial de un río. Se valora comparativamente el conocimiento de estos taxa en el área estudiada, en Europa y en el mundo. En la Península Ibérica y las Islas Baleares vive el mayor porcentaje de especies de todo el mundo (24%) y todas ellas son endémicas de esta zona. El género Iberobathynella, endémico de la Península Ibérica, cuenta con 18 especies conocidas y tal diversificación sólo se da, en todo el orden, dentro del género Hexabathynella (18 especies) que es el único género cosmopolita de Bathynellacea

An Overview of the Distribution of the Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida Bathynellacea) on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands

[EN] This paper reviews all the knowledge on the presence and distribution of 26 species of the family Parabathynellidae Noodt, 1964 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The different genera, subgenera and species distributions are subjected to a basic analysis. The presence of these taxa in different subterranean aquatic habitats (caves, springs, wells and interstitial environment) is also discussed. The most sampled habitat was the interstitial environment (45%); the least sampled habitat was springs (5%). The most commonly found genus was Iberobathynella Schminke, 1973 (54%) and the rarest was Guadalopebathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998 (0.7%) All the knowledge on these taxa in the study area, in Europe and in the world is compared and evaluated. More species of the Parabathynellidae live on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands than in any other part of the world (26 species). Iberobathynella is a highly diversified genus endemic to the Iberian peninsula. Its diversity is comparable to another genus in the order, Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972, which also has 18 described species. However, Hexabathynella has a cosmopolitan distribution.[ES] En este trabajo se reune y actualiza el conocimiento acerca de la presencia y distribución de 26 especies de batinelas de la familia Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) en la Peninsula Ibérica y las Islas Baleares. Se analiza de forma crítica la distribución de los diferentes géneros, subgéneros y especies y se discute acerca de la presencia de los mismos en diferentes habitat acuáticos subterráneos (cuevas, fuentes o surgencias, pozos y medio intersticial asociado a ríos epigeos). El mayor número de puntos de muestreo corresponde al medio intersticial (45% del total) y en él se encuentran los cinco géneros presentes en el área de estudio; las surgencias constituyen el conjunto con menos puntos de muestreo (5%) y en ellas solo se encuentran los géneros Iberobathynella (86%) y Hexaiberobathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998 (14%). El género Iberobathynella es el más común (54% de las muestras) y vive en todos los medios. El género Guadalopebathynella sólo se ha encontrado en el medio intersticial de un río. Se valora comparativamente el conocimiento de estos taxa en el área estudiada, en Europa y en el mundo. En la Península Ibérica y las Islas Baleares vive el mayor porcentaje de especies de todo el mundo (24%) y todas ellas son endémicas de esta zona. El género Iberobathynella, endémico de la Península Ibérica, cuenta con 18 especies conocidas y tal diversificación sólo se da, en todo el orden, dentro del género Hexabathynella (18 especies) que es el único género cosmopolita de Bathynellacea.This work was supported by projects REN2000-2040 GLO, EVK2-CT-2001- 00121 (PASCALIS) and Convenio Junta de Castilla y León- CSIC (2002-2004).Peer reviewe

Permanent slides for morphological studies of small crustaceans: Serban\u27s method and its variation applied on Bathynellacea (Malacostraca)

Morphological studies of small invertebrates often involve the preparation of slides to observe minute body parts under a compound microscope. Preparation should facilitate observation, through traditional optical microscopy, of small surface structures on different planes, like pores, spines and setae. Various methods and techniques, using different mounting media that specialists have adopted to observe and preserve small crustaceans, have their advantages and disadvantages.Within the order Bathynellacea, specimens in the family Bathynellidae are particularly challenging due to their small size (0.5 to 2.25 mm body length) and very delicate exoskeleton, which tends to be completely digested when using common clearing mounting media, making future consultations impossible. Permanent slides are fundamental to preserve small specimens for scientific collections, because temporary slide preparations can easily result in the loss of body parts in the passage between slide and vial and vice versa. Dr Eugene Serban worked on Bathynellacea for more than 40 years, improving the preparation and preservation of delicate specimens using a stained glycerol-jelly and double cover slip mounting technique. His method is described here with a variation that speeds up the original procedure and was implemented in most recent years by one of the authors (A.I.C.). The technique provides excellent preservation and visualization of body parts on permanent slides, which do not need curation tasks and can last for many years. © 2016 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leide

Hábitat inusual para Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca): primer registro de este crustáceo de agua subterránea en el sustrato superficial mesovoide (MSS)

First world record of a crustacean (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) that lives exclusively in groundwater in an unusual habitat, the mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS). The MSS is a terrestrial subterranean medium with high and constant relative humidity. Specimens of the family Parabathynellidae have been found in sampling devices set to collect terrestrial subterranean fauna in the MSS of Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Madrid, Spain). Two species belonging to two different genera, Hexabathynella nicoleiana Camacho, 1986 and Hexaiberobathynella mateusi (Galhano, 1967), already known to occur in the province of Madrid, have been identified by morphological study, whereas their 18S gene sequences confirmed their generic ascription.En este trabajo se documenta por primera vez el hallazgo de ejemplares de un crustáceo (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) que vive exclusivamente en las aguas subterráneas de todo el mundo, en un hábitat inusual: el medio subterráneo superficial (MSS), un medio terrestre sin luz y saturado de humedad. Especímenes de la familia Parabathynellidae han sido encontrados en dispositivos de muestreo dispuestos para la recogida de fauna subterránea terrestre en el MSS del Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, España). Se han identificado dos especies, de dos géneros diferentes, Hexabathynella nicoleiana Camacho, 1986 y Hexaiberobathynella mateusi (Galhano, 1967), mediante estudio morfológico. Las secuencias del gen 18S de varios ejemplares confirman su adscripción genérica. Estas especies eran ya conocidas en la provincia de Madrid

Elisa Bello (1960-2008). In memoriam

2 páginas.-- Necrológica.Peer reviewe

POLY-METHYL VINYL ETHER-CO-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIGEN DELIVERY AND ACTIVATING SYSTEMS

The incorporation of antigens into poly-methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride nanoparticles (NP) has demonstrated to enhance the immune responses in terms of a potent Th1-adjuvant capacity. This fact may be explained by the implemented possibilities that NP render to the antigen: controlled release from the vehicle and chemotaxis for APC recruitment. Besides, after oral administration, it was reported that the bioadhesive nature of the polymer enhanced the interaction of the particulate-adjuvant to the gut mucosa. Moreover, these NP allow the adhesion of antigens and ligands to its outer shell, creating high antigen density surfaces that increase the possibilities of antigen recognition and/or capture by the APCs. Taken together, from the ability of NP to induce potent immune responses our hypothesis was that NP are able to trigger determined elements of the immune system. Explicitly, due to their particulate nature, NPs would interact with APCs, specifically DCs, through PRRs, including TLR. Our results revealed that poly(anhydride) NPs act as agonists of various TLRs (2, 4 and 5), triggering a Th1 profile cytokine release (IFN-γ: 478 pg/mL; IL12: 40 pg/mL) and, after incubation with dendritic cells, induce a 2.5 to 3.5 fold increase of CD54 and CD86 costimulatory molecule expression. Furthermore, in vivo studies suggest that NPs actively elicit a CD8+ T cell response. Taken together our results provide a better understanding of how NPs act as active Th1 adjuvants in immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy through TLR exploitation. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III - FIS (PI070326) in Spain. References Arbos P, Wirth M, Arangoa MA, Gabor F, Irache JM. Gantrez AN as a new polymer for the preparation of ligand-nanoparticle conjugates. J Control Release 2002;83(3):321-30. Gomez S, Gamazo C, Roman BS, Ferrer M, Sanz ML, Irache JM. Gantrez AN nanoparticles as an adjuvant for oral immunotherapy with allergens. Vaccine 2007;25(29):5263-71. Irache JM, Salman HH, Gomez S, Espuelas S, Gamazo C. Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles as adjuvants for mucosal vaccination. Frontiers in Bioscience 2009. Ochoa J, Irache JM, Tamayo I, Walz A, DelVecchio VG, Gamazo C. Protective immunity of biodegradable nanoparticle-based vaccine against an experimental challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis in mice. Vaccine 2007;25(22):4410-9. Salman HH, Irache JM, Gamazo C. Immunoadjuvant capacity of flagellin and mannosamine-coated poly(anhydride) nanoparticles in oral vaccination. Vaccine 2009;27(35):4784-90

A statistical approach to the evaluation of characters to estimate evolutionary relationships among the species of the aquatic subterranean genus, Iberobathynella (Crustacea, Syncarida)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74801/1/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01493.x.pd

Los Batinelaceos (Crustacea, Syncarida) recogidos en la Península Ibérica

20 paginas, 5 figuras, 8 tables..[EN] in this paper the list of sampling station where 12 species of the famil)" Parabathynellidae have been found is detailed, 10 species of Iberobathynella genus and 2 species of Hexabathynella genus from which this is the first time that the last genus mentioned has appeared in Spain. Data on presence of batinelas in the samples from the different groundwaters environments studied are analyzed, just as the abundance of species and specimens. Finally the distribution of each species found in the Iberían Peninsula is analyzed.[ES] En el presente trabajo se detalla la lista de estaciones donde han sido encontradas 12 especies de la familia Parabathynellidae, 10 del genero Iberobathyne/la y 2 del género Hexabathynella, este último encontrado por primera vez en España. Se analizan los datos sobre la presencia de batinelas en las muestras de los diferentes medios estudiados (aguas subterráneas de pozos, cuevas y simas y del medio intersticial asociado a ríos) así como la abundancia de especies y ejemplares en las mismas. Por último se analiza la distribución de cada una de las especies encontradas en la Península Ibérica.Peer reviewe

Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Island Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Syncarida) database

This is the first published database of Bathynellacea. It includes all data of bathynellids (Crustacea, Bathynellacea) collected in the last 64 years (1949 to 2013) on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Island. Te samples come from groundwater (caves, springs, wells and hyporrheic habitat associated rivers) from both sampling campaigns and occasional sampling conducted throughout the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Te dataset lists occurrence data of bathynellids distribution, sampling sites (with localities, county and geographic coordinates), taxonomic information (from family to species level) and sampling sources (collector and sampling dates) for all records. Te descriptions of new species and species identifications have been carried out by an expert taxonomist (AIC) with 25 years experience in the bathynellids studies (see references). Many of the sampling sites are type localities of endemic species from Iberian Peninsula. Te dataset includes 409 samples record corresponding to two families, 12 genera and 58 species, 42 of them formally described plus 16 taxa unpublished and 47 samples in study. All species known from the study area are included, which nearly sum up a quarter of species of Bathynellacea known in the world (250 species).This work was supported by project CGL2010-15786 MICINN

The role of allopatric speciation and ancient origins of Bathynellidae (Crustacea) in the Pilbara (Western Australia): Two new genera from the De Grey River catchment

The stygofaunal family of Bathynellidae, is an excellent group to study the processes that shape diversity and distribution, since they have unknown surface or marine relatives, high level of endemism, and limited dispersal abilities. Recent research on Bathynellidae in Western Australia (Pilbara) has uncovered new taxa with unexpected distributions and phylogenetic relationships, but the biogeographical processes that drive their diversification on the continent are still unclear. By exploring the diversity, distribution, and divergence time of Bathynellidae in a setting such as the perched and isolated aquifers of the Cleaverville Formation in the north of the De Grey River catchment (Pilbara), we aim to test the hypothesis that vicariance has shaped the distribution of this family, specifically if one or multiple vicariant events were involved. We analysed the specimens collected from perched water in different plateaus of the Cleaverville Formation, combining morphological and molecular data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We described two new species and genera (Anguillanella callawaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Muccanella cundalinensis gen. et sp. nov.), and two additional taxa are recognised using morphology and/or Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Poisson Tree Processes species delimitation methods. New genera and species result restricted to isolate perched aquifers on single plateaus and their distributions, phylogenetic relationships, and divergence time estimates support multiple vicariant events and ancient allopatric speciation