Small Pelagic Resources: A Historic Perspective and Current State of the Resources

We conducted a review of small pelagic fisheries of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the northern Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea). This overview focuses on a long historical series of landings (from the 1940s to the present), the number of fishery vessels (from the 1970s onward), the fishery effort during the last decade, and acoustic assessment. Sardine and anchovy landings since the 1940s show very strong oscillations. The highest landings correspond to periods when the Spanish fleet could fish in the southern part of the Alboran Sea: before 1959, Morocco was not yet an independent country and later in the 1980s due to fishing agreements with that country. The fleet has been decreasing, since 1973 till nowadays; in 2017 the fleet only represents 24% of that of the year 1973. Currently, landings are low and correspond only to fishing in the northern waters of the Alboran Sea.Postprin

El proceso monitorio laboral

La reforma del proceso laboral acometida por la Ley 36/2011, reguladora de la Jurisdicción Social, presenta como uno de sus ejes prioritarios la implantación de medidas de modernización y agilización del procedimiento social. Entre esas medidas se encuentra el proceso monitorio pensado para dar trámite a las reclamaciones frente a empresarios -que no se encuentren en situación de concurso-, referidas a cantidades vencidas, exigibles y de cuantía determinada, derivadas de su relación laboral, que no excedan de seis mil euros. En este trabajo se procura un análisis de la configuración legal de esta figura en apariencia sencilla y novedosa en el ámbito laboral, partiendo de la experiencia doctrinal y jurisprudencial ofrecida por el proceso monitorio civil. Ello nos ha servido de base para examinar cuáles han sido las especialidades introducidas por el legislador social, a la vez que prestar particular atención a problemas específicos relacionados con su puesta en práctica

Medidas cautelares penales en materia de violencia familiar

This Article examines recent state and international practice regarding amnesties for jus cogens crimes, particularly cases from Latin America as well as international courts and tribunals, and explores the transnational legal dialogue between courts, and to a lesser degree, legislatures, that has led to international norm creation in this area, strengthening the prohibition against amnesties considerably. At the same time, constraints upon the exercise of universal jurisdiction, whether imposed by legislatures, articulated in judicial opinions, or created by international treaty, have provided a political check to the otherwise unbounded exercise of universal jurisdiction by states and the exercise of universal international jurisdiction by the international community taken as a whole. Indeed, this Article suggests that the question of amnesties for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide raises profound questions about the nature and form of international criminal law—its substantive content, temporal dimensions, and constitutional status. This Article challenges the conventional wisdom that “swapping justice for peace,” is morally and practically acceptable. Instead, what longitudinal studies we have suggest that amnesty deals typically foster a culture of impunity in which violence becomes the norm, rather than the exception. This Article considers amnesties from a jurisdictional approach, in which domestic, transnational and international amnesties are considered in both horizontal and vertical perspective. Finally, while noting that international criminal justice is not a “one size fits all” proposition, and that carefully tailored and culturally sensitive approaches suitable to individual cases are required, this Article underscores the importance of the emerging normative and legal structure apparent in international criminal law, as well as the need for imperial powers such as the United States to submit themselves to the rule of law in order to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of the rules. Reprinted by permission of the publisher

Medidas provisionales y legislación de la Unión Europea

In the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights there are rights related to Justice and to the effective remedy. The latter is the most relevant as it serves as a reference to the remaining rights established in Article 47 concerning parties' procedural guarantees and particularly, the right to defence during trial The aim of the proceeding for interim measures is to guarantee the full effectiveness of the ECJ's future final decision in order to avoid the lack of judicial protection that shall be ensured by this Court.Entre los derechos recogidos en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales vigentes en la Unión Europea se hallan aquellos relacionados con el valor Justicia y, como no podía ser de otro modo, el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva ocupa un lugar prioritario ya que sirve de pórtico al resto de derechos que se contienen en el artículo 47 relacionados con las garantías procesales de las partes y, en particular, con el derecho de defensa La finalidad de las medidas provisionales es garantizar la plena eficacia de la futura decisión definitiva al objeto de evitar una laguna en la protección jurisdiccional que depara el Tribunal de Justicia.Ministerio de Economía I+D DER 2012-3211