923 research outputs found

    INTERACCIÓN DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS Y FIBRA DIETARIA: CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y BIODISPONIBILIDAD

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    En los últimos años, la relación entre el consumo de frutas y la salud humana ha sido el punto focal de la investigación científica. Este interés se debe a la búsqueda específica de los compuestos contenidos en vegetales que proporcionan beneficios a la salud del consumidor (Palafox-Carlos et al., 2011). Las frutas, además de ser fuente de vitaminas, minerales y fibra, también son fuente rica en compuestos bioactivos conocidos como fitoquímicos. Los compuestos fenólicos (CF) son sustancias fitoquímicas que estando en bajas concentraciones en los alimentos, pueden prevenir algunos de los procesos implicados en el desarrollo de cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares (Denny y Buttriss, 2007). Sin embargo, la evidencia de su papel en la prevención de otras enfermedades degenerativas requiere de un mayor soporte científico

    A New Tool to Study Parkinsonism in the Context of Aging: MPTP Intoxication in a Natural Model of Multimorbidity

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    The diurnal rodent Octodon degus (O. degus) is considered an attractive natural model for Alzheimer's disease and other human age-related features. However, it has not been explored so far if the O. degus could be used as a model to study Parkinson's disease. To test this idea, 10 adult male O. degus were divided into control group and MPTP-intoxicated animals. Motor condition and cognition were examined. Dopaminergic degeneration was studied in the ventral mesencephalon and in the striatum. Neuroinflammation was also evaluated in the ventral mesencephalon, in the striatum and in the dorsal hippocampus. MPTP animals showed significant alterations in motor activity and in visuospatial memory. Postmortem analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral mesencephalon of MPTP animals, although no differences were found in their striatal terminals. We observed a significant increase in neuroinflammatory responses in the mesencephalon, in the striatum and in the hippocampus of MPTP-intoxicated animals. Additionally, changes in the subcellular expression of the calcium-binding protein S100 beta were found in the astrocytes in the nigrostriatal pathway. These findings prove for the first time that O. degus are sensitive to MPTP intoxication and, therefore, is a suitable model for experimental Parkinsonism in the context of aging

    Proyecto Jean Monnet. La Unión Europea y la seguridad: defensa de los espacios e intereses comunes

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    Este proyecto tiene la misión principal de identificar los grandes retos que enfrenta la Unión Europea (UE) y las sociedades que la integran, contribuyendo así al debate en torno a las acciones políticas a emprender por la UE y los instrumentos legislativos a adoptar. Además, este Proyecto, a través de las actividades que ha desarrollado, ha ampliado el concepto de “riesgos a la seguridad”, sobrepasando los estrictamente clásicos, lo que ha permitido analizar la situación de la UE en el contexto internacional, sus fortalezas y debilidades. Todo ello se ha hecho a través de la celebración de tres workshops y una conferencia final, todos ellos abiertos a la participación y enriquecimiento conjunto de académicos, expertos, representantes de instituciones públicas y privadas, estudiantes y sociedad civil en general. Los temas abordados por los workshops fueron los siguientes: Workshop I: El uso de los global commons y la seguridad de la UE (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales, ICEI, 22- 23 Septiembre 2016). Workshop II: Seguridad y derechos humanos (Facultad de Derecho, Sala de Juntas, 18-19 Noviembre 2016). Workshop III: Riesgos contemporáneos: el caso de la ciberseguridad (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales, ICEI, 27-28 Abril 2017). Esta recopilación, en forma de Occasional Paper del ICEI, recoge así buena parte de los temas debatidos en la conferencia final. De este modo, retos a la seguridad de la UE contemporáneos, tales como el Brexit y su impacto en el ciudadano, el terrorismo confrontado ante la protección de los derechos humanos, el cambio climático como reto securitario y como motor de pruebas del liderazgo europeo, la obtención de pruebas electrónicas o la necesidad de una regulación homogénea de la prostitución en la UE como mecanismo para actuar de forma coordinada frente a la trata de seres humanos, se han confrontado con aspectos clásicos de la seguridad europea, como el relativo al papel de la UE como actor global en el marco de la Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común (PESC), su actuación en el marco de una compleja operación de mantenimiento de la paz o la cooperación reforzada en materia de defensa. A la vista tanto de su estructura como de la procedencia y enfoque de los distintos autores, se puede fácilmente adivinar que no sólo se trata de una miscelánea, sino también –lo que era un objetivo fundamental del Proyecto- de una consideración de la seguridad de la UE desde perspectivas diferentes que, en todo caso, tuvieran en cuenta al ciudadano europeo como prioridad securitaria sin descuidar el respeto de sus libertades

    Influence of pretreatment and mechanical nanofibrillation energy on properties of nanofibers from Aspen cellulose

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    The characteristics of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) depend on many factors such as the raw material, type and intensity of the pre-treatment, and type and severity of the mechanical defibrillation process. The relationship among factors is complex but crucial in determining the final, fit-for-use CNF properties. This study aims to find the relationship between the CNF properties morphology, aspect ratio, nanofibrillation yield, transmittance and cationic demand, and the production process using bleached Aspen thermomechanical pulp as the raw material. Five different types of pretreatments were carried out and five different defibrillation intensities of highpressure homogenization were evaluated. Pretreatments were: PFI refining at 20,000 revolutions, enzymatic hydrolysis with 80 and 240 g of enzyme per ton of dry pulp and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)–mediated oxidation with 5 and 15 mmol of NaClO per gram of dry pulp. From the twenty-five different procedures evaluated, results show that both the pretreatment and the severity of the high-pressure homogenization determined both the fibrillation yield and the CNF morphology. Moreover, the main properties of CNFs (cationic demand, yield, transmittance and aspect ratio) can be estimated from the carboxylic content of the pretreated pulp, which would facilitate the control of the CNF production and their tuning according to the production needs

    Desafíos y tendencias del México actual

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    Conjunto de once ensayos cuyo propósito es suscitar la reflexión sobre las tendencias más importantes que marcan el inicio del siglo XXI en México y Jalisco, sin obviar las direcciones que a escala mundial toman la vida social, política y económica.ITESO, A.C

    Manual de casos clínicos de Farmacología

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    Este manual de casos clínicos de Farmacología, creado como recurso educativo en abierto (REA) para garantizar una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad, constituye una excelente herramienta didáctica para los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en esta área de conocimiento. En este manual se recopilan un total de 15 casos clínicos agrupados en tres grandes bloques: farmacología del sistema nervioso periférico, farmacología de los mediadores celulares y farmacología de los ejes neuroendocrinos. Estos casos clínicos permiten organizar y relacionar los conocimientos adquiridos sobre farmacología, así como ampliarlos y aplicarlos contribuyendo a la consolidación de un aprendizaje significativo integrado y al desarrollo de competencias deductivas y resolutivas.Depto. de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y BotánicaFac. de Farmaciaunpu

    Antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex in patients with multiple sclerosis

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    Lleixa and Caballero-avila et al. report that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the antigen(s) remains elusive. Antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex have been described in 1-2% of the patients in a recent study. Other candidate antigens as anoctamin-2 or neurofascin-155 have been previously described in multiple sclerosis patients, although their clinical relevance remains uncertain. Our study aims to analyse the frequency and clinical relevance of antibodies against neurofascin-155, anoctamin-2 and flotillin-1/2 complex in multiple sclerosis. Serum (n = 252) and CSF (n = 50) samples from 282 multiple sclerosis patients were included in the study. The control group was composed of 260 serum samples (71 healthy donors and 189 with other neuroinflammatory disorders). Anti-flotillin-1/2, anti-anoctamin-2 and anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies were tested by cell-based assays using transfected cells. We identified six multiple sclerosis patients with antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex (2.1%) and one multiple sclerosis patient with antibodies against anoctamin-2 (0.35%). All multiple sclerosis patients were negative for anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies. Three of the anti-flotillin-1/2 positive patients showed anti-flotillin-1/2 positivity in other serum samples extracted at different moments of their disease. Immunoglobulin G subclasses of anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies were predominantly one and three. We confirm that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis

    Multiplex RNA-based detection of clinically relevant MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

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    We studied MET alterations in 474 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by nCounter, an RNA-based technique. We identified 3% with MET Δex14 mRNA and 3.5% with very-high MET mRNA expression, a surrogate of MET amplification. MET alterations identified by nCounter correlated with clinical benefit from MET inhibitors. Quantitative mRNA-based techniques can improve the selection of patients for MET-targeted therapies. MET inhibitors have shown activity in non-small-cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) with MET amplification and exon 14 skipping (METΔex14). However, patient stratification is imperfect, and thus, response rates have varied widely. Here, we studied MET alterations in 474 advanced NSCLC patients by nCounter, an RNA-based technique, together with next-generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), exploring correlation with clinical benefit. Of the 474 samples analyzed, 422 (89%) yielded valid results by nCounter, which identified 13 patients (3%) with MET Δex14 and 15 patients (3.5%) with very-high MET mRNA expression. These two subgroups were mutually exclusive, displayed distinct phenotypes and did not generally coexist with other drivers. For MET Δex14, 3/8 (37.5%) samples positive by nCounter tested negative by NGS. Regarding patients with very-high MET mRNA, 92% had MET amplification by FISH and/or NGS. However, FISH failed to identify three patients (30%) with very-high MET RNA expression, among which one received MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment deriving clinical benefit. Our results indicate that quantitative mRNA-based techniques can improve the selection of patients for MET-targeted therapies
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