Optimalisasi Peran Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) pada Era Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which came into effect since 2015 requires the creativity of the Indonesian society in competing with other ASEAN countries. One of the necessary strategies in dealing with AEC is to optimize the role of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). With regards to the implementation of the AEC, it is important to provide adequate regulation in order to ensure legal certainty for BUMN. The main purpose of this research is to discover form of national regulation that can maximize business opportunity for BUMN in AEC era. It is found that the existing regulations have not yet given business opportunity for BUMN in AEC era. The existing regulations are contradictory one to another especially relating to the status of the state finance inserted as capital into BUMN. In addition, the Constitutional Court decision Number 48/PUU-XI/2013 maintained that the capital inserted into BUMN is considered as part of the state finance. Therefore, this brings about fundamental impact on future cases since the nature of the Constitutional Court decision is erga omnes

PELAKSANAAN KONTRAK KERJA KONSTRUKSI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INDONESIA

Abstrak          Penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan beberapa negara mengeluarkan kebijakan lockdown dan/atau Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk mengurangi penyebaran Pandemi Covid-19. Kebijakan tersebut pun berdampak besar terhadap sektor jasa konstruksi dimana terdapat banyak proyek konstruksi yang  harus ditunda dalam pelaksanaannya akibat pandemi. Force majeure menjadi poin utama dalam pembahasan terhadap kontrak konstruksi di masa pandemi saat ini untuk mempertimbangkan salah satu pihak untuk tidak melaksanakan prestasinya, dengan alasan adanya Pandemi Covid-19 ini merupakan peristiwa yang tidak dapat diperkirakan akan terjadi sebelumnya. Hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah jika klausul force majeure tidak menyebutkan pandemi sebagai peristiwa force majeure dalam kontrak konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah Pandemi Covid-19 dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu peristiwa force majeure menurut hukum Indonesia dan bagaimana akibat hukum bagi para pihak dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian konstruksi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19.Kata/Kunci: Kontrak Konstruksi, Covid-19, Hukum Indonesia, Force Majeure

Government’s responsibility towards investor’s loss in toll development on PPP agreements due to delay in land acquisitions

Until now, the slow process of land acquisition in toll road infrastructure development projects is still one of the obstacles to the completion of a infrastructure development project. The delay in the land acquisition process is detrimental to parties involved in PPP, especially investors. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive research specifications. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of literature study to obtain secondary data and interviews to obtain primary data, then the data obtained is  analyzed using qualitative juridical methods, namely by taking inventory, systematically arranging, connecting with each other related to the problems studied with the enactment of the provisions of the regulations. one does not conflict with other regulations. The result of this research is a form of responsibility from the Government due to delays in land acquisition, namely compensation in the form of extension of the concession period on a toll road project with a PPP scheme, and consideration of additional initial tariffs on toll roads based on inflation, capital, construction time and increase. the concession period and also the imposition of fines in a business contract, and the last resort for resolving disputes over the PPP agreement through non-litigation or arbitration institutions based on Presidential Regulation Number 38 of 2015. How to cite item: Aulia, D. Z., Chandrawulan, AA., Trisnamansyah P. (2021). Government’s responsibility towards investor’s loss in toll development on PPP agreements due to delay in landa cquisitions. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 12(1), 21-31.doi:10.26905/idjch.v12i1. 4337

INTERNATIONAL LAW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SEA SHIP EXECUTION RELATED TO BAD CREDIT

Purpose: As ocean transportation instrument, the ocean vessel has an important role in improving the growth of economic rate, particularly naval economic business. The high cost of ocean vessel make businessmen difficult to acquire business capital, so they propose the application of credit and ocean vessel is made into mortgage. Although Indonesia is party in International Convention on Maritime Liens and Mortgages 1993, there is not any specific regulation arranging the execution of ocean vessel registered in Indonesia up to now. International Civil Law considers efforts to settle the issues must be started up by contract and agreement in advance. Based on the description, it is necessary to analyse to which extent International Civil Law might settle issues on the execution of ocean vessel and to which extent a court must pay attention and recognize foreign legal verdicts or rights emerged based on Foreign Court Verdicts or laws. Methodology: This study uses a normative juridical approach, the study of which refers to legal norms contained in the legislation, court decisions and legal norms that exist in society. The research specifications used are descriptive analytics. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary data and data collection techniques carried out by means of library research, interviews and observations. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in this paper uses qualitative analysis. Main Findings:  An international agreement or agreement must contain a legal choice that will be used later because it will be a very complex problem if it is not determined from the beginning of the law which will be used if a dispute occurs. Ships that can be secured by mortgages are registered ships and ships weighing more than 20m3. In carrying out ship executions even though Indonesia has ratified the 1993 International Convention on Liens and Mortgage, the provisions for the execution of ships in Indonesia still refer to the provisions contained in Article 224 HIR or RIB and Article 258 Rbg. Implications/Applications: This study will be helpful for practitioners and law-making authorities in formulating different policies and amendments in existing international law on the implementation of the sea ship execution related to bad credit

Optimalisasi Peran Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) pada Era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA)

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which came into effect since 2015 requires the creativity of the Indonesian society in competing with other ASEAN countries. One of the necessary strategies in dealing with AEC is to optimize the role of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). With regards to the implementation of the AEC, it is important to provide adequate regulation in order to ensure legal certainty for BUMN. The main purpose of this research is to discover form of national regulation that can maximize business opportunity for BUMN in AEC era. It is found that the existing regulations have not yet given business opportunity for BUMN in AEC era. The existing regulations are contradictory one to another especially relating to the status of the state finance inserted as capital into BUMN. In addition, the Constitutional Court decision Number 48/PUU-XI/2013 maintained that the capital inserted into BUMN is considered as part of the state finance. Therefore, this brings about fundamental impact on future cases since the nature of the Constitutional Court decision is erga omnes

Hukum Perusahaan Multinasional, Liberalisasi Hukum Perdagangan Internasional dan Hukum Penanaman Modal

xii.; 418 Hal.; ill.; 19 c

PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP UNIDROIT DAN KONVENSI INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KONTRAK INDONESIA

The development of business transaction require a new national contract law. Correspondingly, the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the International Convention on the sale of Goods (UNCITRAL CISG 1980) sets out principles contained in it may be adopted into a new national contract laws in the future. This research aims to examine in depth the urgency of contract law reform in Indonesia either through adjustment to the development of practice or through a complete overhaulof the Indonesian National Contract Law contained in Book III of the Civil Code (BW) by adopting principles of contract law that is universally applicable in the world. The Result of this research indicate that contract law contained in Book III of the Civil Code has be enunable to meet the demands of the business transactions today. Because it does not explicitly specifying the principles espoused by the international contract law as listed in the UNIDROIT Principles, therefore the new contract law apply the principles contained the provisions of the UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts. So setting the forth coming contract to accommodate the interests of society, especially the government, businesses both domestically and internationally so that we will be a player in this era of globalization. Application of the principles of the CISG is based on the CERD and the general legal principles that apply in various countries around the world can be adopted into law the new Indonesian contract, so Indonesian contract law which will come to accommodate the interests and provide protection and legal certainty to the entrepreneurs, especially in the field of international trade. Keywords : Law Reform; Contract; UNIDROIT; CISGABSTRAKAdanya perkembangan transaksi bisnis memerlukan suatu perangkat hukum kontrak nasional yang baru. Sejalan dengan itu, Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contract dan Konvensi Jual Beli Internasional (UNCITRAL CISG 1980) memuat prinsip-prinsip yang dapat diadopsi ke dalam hukum kontrak nasional yang baru nanti. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah secara mendalam urgensi pembaharuan hukum kontrak di Indonesia, apakah melalui penyesuaian terhadap perkembangan praktik yang sudah ada ataukah melalui perombakan total Hukum Perjanjian Nasional Indonesia yang terdapat dalam Buku III KUHPerdata (BW) dengan mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip hukum kontrak yang berlaku universal di dunia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian hukum kontrak yang termuat dalam Buku III KUHPerdata sudah tidak dapat memenuhi tuntutan perkembangan transaksi bisnis saat ini, karena tidak secara eksplisit mencatumkan  prinsip-prinsip yang dianut oleh hukum kontrak internasional seperti yang tercantum dalam UNIDROIT Principles. Oleh karena itu seyogyianya dalam pembaharuan hukum kontrak diterapkan prinsip-prinsip yang terdapat dalam ketentuan UNIDROIT Principle for Internasional Commercial Contract. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip dalam CISG yang didasari oleh CERD dan prinsip-prinsip hukum umum yang berlaku diberbagai negara di belahan dunia dapat diadopsi kedalam hukum kontrak Indonesia baru, sehingga hukum kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang dapat mengakomodir kepentingan dan memberikan perlindungan serta kepastian hukum kepada para pelaku usaha khususnya yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan internasional. Kata Kunci : Pembaharuan  Hukum; Kontrak; UNIDROIT; CISG

PELAKSANAAN KONTRAK KERJA KONSTRUKSI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INDONESIA

Abstrak          Penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan beberapa negara mengeluarkan kebijakan lockdown dan/atau Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk mengurangi penyebaran Pandemi Covid-19. Kebijakan tersebut pun berdampak besar terhadap sektor jasa konstruksi dimana terdapat banyak proyek konstruksi yang  harus ditunda dalam pelaksanaannya akibat pandemi. Force majeure menjadi poin utama dalam pembahasan terhadap kontrak konstruksi di masa pandemi saat ini untuk mempertimbangkan salah satu pihak untuk tidak melaksanakan prestasinya, dengan alasan adanya Pandemi Covid-19 ini merupakan peristiwa yang tidak dapat diperkirakan akan terjadi sebelumnya. Hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah jika klausul force majeure tidak menyebutkan pandemi sebagai peristiwa force majeure dalam kontrak konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah Pandemi Covid-19 dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu peristiwa force majeure menurut hukum Indonesia dan bagaimana akibat hukum bagi para pihak dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian konstruksi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19.Kata/Kunci: Kontrak Konstruksi, Covid-19, Hukum Indonesia, Force Majeure AbstractThe spread of Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in several countries issuing policies to lockdown and Large-Scale Social Restriction their countries in order to tackle the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Those policies had a major impact on the construction services sectore. Force majeure is the main point of the construction contract during this pandemic era, considering this provision allows one of the contracting parties to hinder from fulfilling its obligations due to Covid-19 pandemic is beyond both parties control. In addition, this will also create another problems if the force majeure clause does not mention a pandemic as a force majeure in a construction contract. This research aims to analyze whether the Covid-19 pandemic can be considered as  force majeure from the perspective of Indonesian Law and how the legal consequences for the contracting parties due to Covid-19 pandemic under construction contracts.  Keywords: Construction Contract, Covid-19, Indonesian Law, Force Majeur

MENAKAR PENYELESAIAN GUGATAN SEDERHANA DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK Pada asasnya semua jenis perkara perdata diselesaikan melalui mekanisme beracara yang sama sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam peraturan yang berlaku. Bagi pihak yang bersengketa dengan nilai gugatan kecil, penyelesaian melalui pengadilan dengan prosedur yang biasa bukanlah pilihan yang tepat karena waktu dan biaya yang dihabiskan untuk beracara di pengadilan dianggap tidak sebanding dengan besarnya nilai yang dipersengketakan. Oleh karena itu melalui Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PerMa) No. 2 Tahun 2015 diatur tata cara menyelesaikan gugatan sederhana yang sesungguhnya mengadopsi mekanisme Small Claims Court (SCC) yang telah digunakan banyak negara, baik negara dengan sistem common law maupun civil law. Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana SCC di negara Singapura dan Belanda serta penerapannya di Indonesia. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif, antara lain difokuskan pada perbandingan hukum selanjutnya dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Penerapan penyelesaian sengketa dan penegakan hukum melalui SCC di Singapura dan Belanda memiliki perbedaan yang antara lain dipengaruhi oleh sistem hukum. Di Indonesia, SCC diintegrasikan dalam PerMA No. 2 Tahun 2015 yaitu prosedur penyelesaian gugatan sederhana yang cukup efektif menyelesaikan gugatan sederhana secara cepat, dengan prosedur yang berbeda dengan penyelesaian perkara sebagaimana diatur dalam HIR/RBg, namun dalam praktik terdapat kendala dalam hal eksekusi. Kata kunci: gugatan sederhana; small claims court; sengketa perdata, pengadilan.   ABSTRACT Basically all kinds of civil cases are solved through the same mechanism as arranged in the rules. For the disputing party with the value of a small lawsuit, the settlement through court with the usual procedure is not the right choice because the time and cost spent on litigation are considered to be incompatible with the amount of disputed value, therefore enforced by Supreme Court Regulation (PerMa) Regulation No. 2 Year 2015 about the procedure of simple lawsuit settlement. Mechanisms used to resolve simple claims as regulated in PerMA No. 2 of 2015 actually adopts a mechanism in the Small Claims Court (SCC) that has been used previously in many countries, both in countries with common law and civil law systems. The issues to be discussed are how the SCC in Singapore and the Netherlands and their application in Indonesia. This article is a small part of the results of research conducted by normative juridical methods which are among others focused on comparative law, then analyzed by juridical qualitative. Application of settlement of disputes and law enforcement through the SCC in Singapore and the Netherlands has differences which, among others, are affected by the legal system. In Indonesia, SCC is integrated into PerMA No. 2 Year 2015, it is quite effective to settle a simple lawsuit quickly, with a different procedure with the settlement of the matter as regulated in HIR/RBg, bridges between court procedures and outside the courts but there are obstacles in terms of execution. Keywords: civil dispute; court; simple lawsuit; small claims court

MENAKAR PENYELESAIAN GUGATAN SEDERHANA DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK Pada asasnya semua jenis perkara perdata diselesaikan melalui mekanisme beracara yang sama sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam peraturan yang berlaku. Bagi pihak yang bersengketa dengan nilai gugatan kecil, penyelesaian melalui pengadilan dengan prosedur yang biasa bukanlah pilihan yang tepat karena waktu dan biaya yang dihabiskan untuk beracara di pengadilan dianggap tidak sebanding dengan besarnya nilai yang dipersengketakan. Oleh karena itu melalui Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PerMa) No. 2 Tahun 2015 diatur tata cara menyelesaikan gugatan sederhana yang sesungguhnya mengadopsi mekanisme Small Claims Court (SCC) yang telah digunakan banyak negara, baik negara dengan sistem common law maupun civil law. Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana SCC di negara Singapura dan Belanda serta penerapannya di Indonesia. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif, antara lain difokuskan pada perbandingan hukum selanjutnya dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Penerapan penyelesaian sengketa dan penegakan hukum melalui SCC di Singapura dan Belanda memiliki perbedaan yang antara lain dipengaruhi oleh sistem hukum. Di Indonesia, SCC diintegrasikan dalam PerMA No. 2 Tahun 2015 yaitu prosedur penyelesaian gugatan sederhana yang cukup efektif menyelesaikan gugatan sederhana secara cepat, dengan prosedur yang berbeda dengan penyelesaian perkara sebagaimana diatur dalam HIR/RBg, namun dalam praktik terdapat kendala dalam hal eksekusi. Kata kunci: gugatan sederhana; small claims court; sengketa perdata, pengadilan.   ABSTRACT Basically all kinds of civil cases are solved through the same mechanism as arranged in the rules. For the disputing party with the value of a small lawsuit, the settlement through court with the usual procedure is not the right choice because the time and cost spent on litigation are considered to be incompatible with the amount of disputed value, therefore enforced by Supreme Court Regulation (PerMa) Regulation No. 2 Year 2015 about the procedure of simple lawsuit settlement. Mechanisms used to resolve simple claims as regulated in PerMA No. 2 of 2015 actually adopts a mechanism in the Small Claims Court (SCC) that has been used previously in many countries, both in countries with common law and civil law systems. The issues to be discussed are how the SCC in Singapore and the Netherlands and their application in Indonesia. This article is a small part of the results of research conducted by normative juridical methods which are among others focused on comparative law, then analyzed by juridical qualitative. Application of settlement of disputes and law enforcement through the SCC in Singapore and the Netherlands has differences which, among others, are affected by the legal system. In Indonesia, SCC is integrated into PerMA No. 2 Year 2015, it is quite effective to settle a simple lawsuit quickly, with a different procedure with the settlement of the matter as regulated in HIR/RBg, bridges between court procedures and outside the courts but there are obstacles in terms of execution. Keywords: civil dispute; court; simple lawsuit; small claims court