Svakodnevni problemi praistorijskih zajednica u regionu Đerdapa tokom kasnog mezolita i ranog neolita

The main objective of this study is to provide a micro-level observation of everyday activities in the Iron Gates region, in the period between the end of the 7th and mid-6th millennium BC. The principal methodological tool is the application of use-wear analysis on chipped stone assemblages from the Lepenski Vir, Padina and Vlasac sites, where the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sequence is noted. Besides the general results of the utilization of lithic artefacts, like their employment in various undertakings such as scraping wood and hides, or engraving stone or bones, use-wear analysis can reveal the exact processes behind the activities. The obtained data can indicate the struggles of shaping the available raw materials and the way prehistoric people confronted these quotidian difficulties. The discovered results are crucial for understanding human cognition, but are also proof of the ability of ancient individuals to approach and overcome small-scale crises in everyday life.Главни циљ ове студије је микро перцепција свакодневних активности праисторијских заједница с краја 7. до средине 6. миленијума пре нове ере у региону Ђердапа. Основни методолошки приступ ослоњен је на примену функционалних анализа артефаката од окрес аног камена са локалитета Лепенски Вир, Падина и Власац, где је потврђена фаза насељавања током касног мезолита и раног неолита. Трасеолошком анализом добија се увид у прецизне информације до којих се не може доћи уобичајеним методама технолошких и морфометријских анализа. Поред општих резултата употребе окресаних артефаката, попут стругања дрвета, коже или гравирање камена или кости, функционалне анализе откривају и процес који стоји иза самих активности. Добијени подаци указују на проблеме приликом обликовања доступних сировина и начине на који су се заједнице у клисури суочавале са потешкоћама, попут овде изложеног примера обраде коже. Резултати наведени у овом раду дају увиде о људским когнитивним способностима у прошлости, које неупитно указују на људску склоност и вештину да се инвенцијом и применом превазиђу свакодневне кризне ситуације

Production and use: Beyond stone tools. Example of house 32, Lepenski Vir (Serbia)

Stats Comments Citations (1) References (14) Related research (10+) Share More Related research Behind the scenes. Introduction to the human activities in the Iron Gates region. Preliminary use-wear analysis of chipped stone artefacts from Lepenski Vir and Padina (Serbia) Conference Paper Full-text available November 2019 Download View more Description Lepenski Vir, located in the Iron Gates region (SE Serbia), is a well-known site for its monumental sculptures and numerous trapezoidal houses dated to the Mesolithic/Early Neolithic period, c. 6200-5900 cal BC. Absolute dates indicate that prehistoric communities have been inhabiting the site in wider chronological span, c. 9400-7600 cal BC, but they hadn´t left extensive material remains. Detailed raw material and techno-typological analysis of knapped stone industry were undertaken by Kozłowski and Kozłowski (1984). However, recent revisions of Lepenski Vir material and documentation have required a new examination of the chipped stone artefacts and the implementation of advanced methods. New analysis included a vast study of the techniques used for knapping, as well as crossing the raw material and technotypological data with the contexts of the artefact origin and the use-wear analysis. The results drew attention to houses 32, 35 and 36 regarding the quantity and technological characteristics of grey flint artifacts. Our attention here is drawn to explore the activities performed in the house 32, where the only one retouched artefact – a perforator was uncovered while other stone remains indicate that grey flint was knapped while blanks of Balkan and grey flint with white spots were stored and used. Use-wear analysis of the proposed sample consisted both from artefacts coming from ashplace but also from house floor was conducted and indicates variety of used materials and activities, and also implies the presence of thermal stress on some of the artefacts. Interesting is that some of the tools have traces of a complex nature, e.g. they were used for divergent activities in different periods, indicating the character of the house 32 itself. There is presence of activity on mineral material and working on large fish, which was a very important part of human diet of prehistoric communities of Lepenski Vir

FIRST RECORD OF ALIEN BULB-AND-POTATO APHID RHOPALOSIPHONINUS LATYSIPHON (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN SERBIA

The North American aphid Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon (Davidson, 1912) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was found in Serbia for the first time. It is a polyphagous species, mainly feeding on roots, bulbs and tubers. This cryptic living species was detected in yellow water traps on fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Rimski Šančevi) during the monitoring of aphid flight activity in sugar beet. In total, three specimens were trapped in 2019 and 2020. The main morphological and biological characteristics of the species are given in the text

Fish Processing in the Iron Gates Region During the Transitional and Early Neolithic Period: An Integrated Approach

Abstract It is well known that many Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sites were uncovered during the past century in the Iron Gates region of the North-Central Balkans. The application of diverse analyses on the bioarchaeological remains and artefacts raised many questions, but also offered new ideas about the Mesolithic–Neolithic transitional period in the Middle and Lower course of the Danube. Communities in the Iron Gates consumed fish and exploited the riverbank in prehistory. The stable isotope analyses are implying that these human groups fed on aquatic resources in some periods more than others. Fish remains were also found in settlements, and based on fish-related imagery on sculpted boulders and other artefacts, the bond between the people, river, and the ecosystem was compelling. The idea of this article is to present the possible ways of fish processing at Lepenski Vir using chipped stone tools. Three integrated methodologies, with high levels of interpretation, were applied: use-wear, residue, and archaeozoological analyses. Use-wear and residue analyses were performed on both archaeological and experimental chipped stone tools. The results are considered together with the traces of butchery observed on archaeological samples of fish bones, creating a more coherent picture of the everyday habits of the Iron Gates populations

Grey zones of production: Discussing the technology of tools at the Lojanik quarry in west-central Serbia

Flaked stone artefacts found on the quarry Lojanik in west-central Serbia are good examples of how the function of non-diagnostic pieces could be determined through technological and use-wear analysis. In this study, we present the examples of surface clusters and artefacts from stratigraphic layers. Our attention is focused on the prevailing category of fragmented raw materials in the initial phase of knapping, preforms, debris, shattered pieces of anthropogenic origin and an immense number of artefacts and geofacts. The study of mines and quarries, as well as distribution of the raw materials that come from the central Balkans is an understudied phenomenon. Flaked stone artefacts found on the outcrops of the Lojanik hilltop is a good example of how we can apply technological, petrological and use-wear analysis on this type of site. Keeping in mind the loose context of the finds, as well as the lack of any datable material, this issue has to be approached with a lot of caution, since the locality itself seems to show human presence during Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The main focus of the study was put on the prevailing categories linked to the initial extraction of raw material on the site, as well as initial steps of shaping the raw material into cores. Samples were collected from several outcrops and so-called workshops from two localities of the hilltop: Lojanik 1 and Lojanik 2. The focal points of interest are categories that include waste, shatter, technical or shaping flakes. Worked pieces of raw material are now in the central position, and the study of these pieces have opened new grounds for this and similar occurrences - the study of so-called “grey zones” of production

Monitoring biljnih vašiju (Hemiptera: Aphididae) u usevima šećerne repe

Proizvodnja šećerne repe u Srbiji odvija se na oko 40.000 hektara. Jedan od najznačajnijih problema u proizvodnji je virus žutice šećerne repe (BYV) čije je širenje uslovljeno biljnim vašima, vektorima ovog virusa. S obzirom da biljne vaši vetrovi mogu preneti na veliku daljinu, model praćenja kretanja biljnih vaši u šećernoj repi je od izuzetnog značaja za uspešnu proizvodnju. Virusne zaraze je nemoguće lečiti ili ublažiti njihov efekat na biljke, ali je moguće pratiti let njihovih vektora i smanjiti njihovo prisustvo, a time i procenat zaraze virusima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je praćenje leta biljnih vaši, vektora BYV u usevima šećerne repe. Istraživanje je obavljeno tokom 2019. godine na tri lokaliteta: od kojih su dva na poljima Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu i jedan u Temerinu. Let biljnih vaši je praćen pomoću žutih lovnih klopki, po dve na sva tri lokaliteta. Klopke su postavljene sredinom aprila, odmah nakon nicanja repe, a uzorci su sakupljani jednom nedeljno do 22. novembra 2019. god

Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Serbia: its presence on aphid-infested plants and co-occurrence with native aphidophagous coccinellids

The presence of the invasive coccinellid Harmonia axyridis in aphid colonies on plants, as well as its co-occurrence with native coccinellid predators was studied in the period 2011-2020. Also, its occurrence on fruit plants and grapes was monitored at harvest time. Research was conducted on 41 locations in Serbia. The feeding of this invasive species was recorded on a total of 43 aphid taxa of 25 different genera. It was most frequently present on aphid colonies of the genera Aphis, Brachycaudus and Myzus. The presence of H. axyridis in aphid colonies was recorded on 58 cultivated plant species: 10 fruit, 7 field crop, 5 vegetable and 16 ornamental species, as well as 20 non-cultivated plants. Harmonia axyridis feeding was also observed on mature fruit plants of cultivated blueberries, nectarine and grapes in representative production areas in Serbia. Nine native coccinellid species were detected in this study: Adalia bipunctata, Adalia decempunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia sp., Hippodamia apicalis, Hippodamia variegata, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, Hippodamia undecimnotata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata. Populations of H. axyridis and native coccinellids co-occurred in aphid colonies on many plants, i.e. in 53.45% of all samples. The results inferred that H. axyridis as a predator of numerous aphids on many plants is a useful coccinellid species. However, it may also be considered as a potential pest in fruit and grape production, and a threat to native aphidophagous coccinellids

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM AND THERIOAPHIS TRIFOLII (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ABUNDANCE IN ALFALFA CROPS: A CASE STUDY IN NORTHERN SERBIA

Populations of the most abundant alfalfa aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Therioaphis trifolii, have periodic fluctuations, and many factors affect their dynamics. In the present study, we examined the impact of daily air temperatures on the abundance of two alfalfa aphids in field conditions. The numbers of these two aphids on alfalfa were documented at two locations in a representative alfalfa growing area in Serbia during a three-year field study. Based on the records of aphid abundance and daily air temperatures during the whole study, it was found that a correlation between the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for aphid development, the sum of maximum daily air temperatures and the number of recorded aphid peaks was significant and can therefore be considered for the detection of suitable temperature conditions to increase aphid abundance. The study shows that the highest correlations were between a high density of A. pisum and the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for its development (Ck=0.569) and between a high density of T. trifolii and the sum of maximum daily air temperatures (Ck=0.595). The length of time required for the growth of populations of the two alfalfa aphids differed: 30 days for A. pisum and 5 days for T. trifolii. The association of temperature data to alfalfa aphid abundance enables a projection of their population behavior in changed future climate conditions. This study suggests increased population sizes of T. trifolii and decreased population sizes of A. pisum on alfalfa under the warmer conditions that are expected to prevail in the future. © 2022 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade). All rights reserved

Прелаз из мезолита у неолит у Ђердапу : људске активности из перспективе трагова употребе на оруђу од окресаног камена La transizione mesolitico-neolitica nell' Iron Gates : le attività umane interpretate con una prospettiva di analisi delle tracce d'uso

A closed eco-niche as the Iron Gates region in Northeastern Serbia has enabled specialists to explore the transition to sedentary life, with an atypical record of human occupation during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. Following a series of published studies and analysis, varying from prehistoric diet to architecture, this research aims to present the newest results of the use-wear and residue analysis performed on the chipped stone assemblages from Lepenski Vir, Padina and Vlasac, with a broader focus on the transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic period. Applying the use-wear analysis was done by using both low and high-power approach, in combination with FTIR and SEM-EDX analyses. Further, this study is established and enforced with a reference collection made specifically for the purposes of the research. The gained results were interpreted based on the hypotheses focused on the daily routine, but also addressing some long-term aspects, like changes in the economy and following the difference and innovations in the habits between the communities inside the region. The chipped stone artefacts, originating from buildings, pits, hearth areas, and open-air spaces, were analysed. Based on the results, some of the main activities that took part in the Iron Gates are singled out, as processing hide, bone, antler, fish and vegetable-based resources. A higher number of complex activities, as softening antler or hide tanning, were noted which make this already specific area more peculiar. The obtained data highlights the activities of the advanced hunter-gatherers and fishermen, and first farmer groups. Additionally, observed through the spatial analysis, the results revealed the dynamics and processes in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic period in the Iron Gates, but also posed many questions regarding the specialization of the prehistoric settlements on the Danube.Затворена еко-ниша, попут Ђердапа у североисточној Србији, омогућила је стручњацима да истраже почетак седентарног начина живота захваљујући богатом археолошком запису људског насељавања током касног глацијала и раног холоцена. Након низа објављених студија и анализа, од праисторијске исхране, сахрањивања до архитектуре, ово истраживање има за циљ да представи најновије резултате функционалних анализа и анализа огранских остатака на артефактима од окресаног камена са истакнутих насеља као што су Лепенски Вир, Падина и Власац, са фокусом на прелаз из периода мезолита у неолит. Функционалне анализе извршене су применом малих и великих увећања у комбинацији са ФТИР и СЕМ-ЕДКС анализама. Ова студија је спроведена уз помоћ посебно оформљене референтне колекције креиране за потребе истраживања. Добијени резултати су интерпретирани на основу хипотеза усмерених на свакодневне активности праисторијских заједница, са освртом на дугорочне аспекте, попут промена у економији и праћење иновација у навикама унутар региона. Анализирани су артефакти од окресаног камена који су пронађени у кућама, јамама, огњиштима и са отворених простора. На основу резултата издвојене су неке од главних активности, попут прераде коже, кости, рога, рибе и биљних ресурса. Примећен је већи број комплекснијих радњи, као што је обрада омекшаних рогова или штављење коже, које ово већ специфично подручје чини сложенијим у погледу свакодневице у односу на претходна сазнања. Добијени подаци истичу у први план активности напредних ловаца сакупљача и рибара, и првих група пољопривредника. Поред тога, резултати су посматрани кроз призму просторне анализе који су указали на посебну динамику процеса и ужу специјализацију праисторијских насеља у касном мезолиту и раном неолиту у региону Гвоздених врата

Прелаз из мезолита у неолит у Ђердапу : људске активности из перспективе трагова употребе на оруђу од окресаног каменаLa transizione mesolitico-neolitica nell' Iron Gates : le attività umane interpretate con una prospettiva di analisi delle tracce d'uso

A closed eco-niche as the Iron Gates region in Northeastern Serbia has enabled specialists to explore the transition to sedentary life, with an atypical record of human occupation during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. Following a series of published studies and analysis, varying from prehistoric diet to architecture, this research aims to present the newest results of the use-wear and residue analysis performed on the chipped stone assemblages from Lepenski Vir, Padina and Vlasac, with a broader focus on the transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic period. Applying the use-wear analysis was done by using both low and high-power approach, in combination with FTIR and SEM-EDX analyses.Further, this study is established and enforced with a reference collection made specifically for the purposes of the research. The gained results were interpreted based on the hypotheses focused on the daily routine, but also addressing some long-term aspects, like changes in the economy and following the difference and innovations in the habits between the communities inside the region. The chipped stone artefacts, originating from buildings, pits, hearth areas, and open-air spaces, were analysed. Based on the results, some of the main activities that took part in the Iron Gates are singled out, as processing hide, bone, antler, fish and vegetable-based resources. A higher number of complex activities, as softening antler or hide tanning, were noted which make this already specific area more peculiar.The obtained data highlights the activities of the advanced hunter-gatherers and fishermen, and first farmer groups. Additionally, observed through the spatial analysis, the results revealed the dynamics and processes in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic period in the Iron Gates, but also posed many questions regarding the specialization of the prehistoric settlements on the Danube.Затворена еко-ниша, попут Ђердапа у североисточној Србији, омогућила је стручњацима да истраже почетак седентарног начина живота захваљујући богатом археолошком запису људског насељавања током касног глацијала и раног холоцена. Након низа објављених студија и анализа, од праисторијске исхране, сахрањивања до архитектуре, ово истраживање има за циљ да представи најновије резултате функционалних анализа и анализа огранских остатака на артефактима од окресаног камена са истакнутих насеља као што су Лепенски Вир, Падина и Власац, са фокусом на прелаз из периода мезолита у неолит. Функционалне анализе извршене су применом малих и великих увећања у комбинацији са ФТИР и СЕМ-ЕДКС анализама.Ова студија је спроведена уз помоћ посебно оформљене референтне колекције креиране за потребе истраживања. Добијени резултати су интерпретирани на основу хипотеза усмерених на свакодневне активности праисторијских заједница, са освртом на дугорочне аспекте, попут промена у економији и праћење иновација у навикама унутар региона. Анализирани су артефакти од окресаног камена који су пронађени у кућама, јамама, огњиштима и са отворених простора. На основу резултата издвојене су неке од главних активности, попут прераде коже, кости, рога, рибе и биљних ресурса. Примећен је већи број комплекснијих радњи, као што је обрада омекшаних рогова или штављење коже, које ово већ специфично подручје чини сложенијим у погледу свакодневице у односу на претходна сазнања.Добијени подаци истичу у први план активности напредних ловаца сакупљача и рибара, и првих група пољопривредника. Поред тога, резултати су посматрани кроз призму просторне анализе који су указали на посебну динамику процеса и ужу специјализацију праисторијских насеља у касном мезолиту и раном неолиту у региону Гвоздених врата