EduSAT: A Pedagogical Tool for Theory and Applications of Boolean Satisfiability

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) are widely used in automated verification, but there is a lack of interactive tools designed for educational purposes in this field. To address this gap, we present EduSAT, a pedagogical tool specifically developed to support learning and understanding of SAT and SMT solving. EduSAT offers implementations of key algorithms such as the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) algorithm and the Reduced Order Binary Decision Diagram (ROBDD) for SAT solving. Additionally, EduSAT provides solver abstractions for five NP-complete problems beyond SAT and SMT. Users can benefit from EduSAT by experimenting, analyzing, and validating their understanding of SAT and SMT solving techniques. Our tool is accompanied by comprehensive documentation and tutorials, extensive testing, and practical features such as a natural language interface and SAT and SMT formula generators, which also serve as a valuable opportunity for learners to deepen their understanding. Our evaluation of EduSAT demonstrates its high accuracy, achieving 100% correctness across all the implemented SAT and SMT solvers. We release EduSAT as a python package in .whl file, and the source can be identified at https://github.com/zhaoy37/SAT_Solver

PERAN GURU PPKN DALAM MEMBINA KARAKTER NASIONALISME SISWA MELALUI MEDIA FILM G30S PKI (Studi Kasus Siswa XI MIPA 7 SMA Negeri 15 Bandung)

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya pengaruh globalisasi yang dapat mengancam sikap cinta tanah air siswa seperti pesatnya arus globalisasi yang terbuka luas memungkinkan beragam ideologi besar dunia seperti komunisme, liberalisme, dan ideologi lainya bisa masuk dan mempengaruhi perilaku siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran serta langkah yang dilakukan oleh guru PPKn dalam membina karakter nasionalisme siswa menggunakan media film G30S PKI. Penggunaan media film G30S PKI yang digunakan guru menjadi faktor pendukung dalam upaya pembinaan karakter nasionalisme siswa melalui pembelajaran PPKn. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara serta studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) peran guru dalam membina karakter nasionalisme siswa menggunakan media film G30S PKI melalui pembelajaran PPKn dilakukan dengan (a) membuat perencanaan (b) membuat cuplikan tayangan film G30S PKI secara lebih ringkas (c) upaya pembinaan karakter nasionalisme dilakukan melalui pembelajaran PPKn (d) bentuk evaluasi siswa meliputi sikap kewarganegaraan, pengetahuan kewarganegaraan serta keterampilan kewarganegaraan siswa, 2) faktor pendorong serta penghambat yang dialami guru dalam membina karakter menggunakan media film G30S PKI diantaranya (a) guru yang cakap menggunakan teknologi, (b) guru menguasai materi dengan baik, (c) guru belum mampu mengelola kelas dengan baik, (d) cara guru dalam menyampaikan materi belum mampu dipahami sebagian siswa, (e) solusi agar hambatan tidak terjadi kembali adalah guru harus meningkatkan keprofesionalismenya dalam mengajar, 3) deskrpsi karakter siswa XI MIPA 7, (a) siswa XI MIPA 7 sudah mempunyai karakter nasionalisme, (b) perlu adanya kerja sama antara pihak sekolah dengan keluarga serta masyarakat untuk meningkatkan karakter nasionalisme siswa. Kata Kunci : Peran Guru PPKn, Karakter Nasionalisme Siswa, Film G30S PKI This research is motivated by the influence of globalization that can threaten students' patriotism, such as the rapid flow of globalization that is wide open, allowing various major world ideologies such as communism, liberalism, and other ideologies to enter and influence student behavior. This study aims to describe the role and steps taken by PPKn teachers in fostering the character of students' nationalism using the G30S PKI film media. The use of the G30S PKI film media used by teachers is a supporting factor in efforts to foster students' nationalist character through PPKn learning. The approach used in this research is qualitative with case study method. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that 1) the teacher's role in fostering the character of students' nationalism using the G30S PKI film media through PPKn learning was carried out by (a) planning (b) making more concise footage of the G30S PKI film showing (c) efforts to foster nationalism character through learning PPKn (d) the form of student evaluation includes citizenship attitudes, civic knowledge and student citizenship skills, 2) the driving and inhibiting factors experienced by teachers in building character using the G30S PKI film media include (a) teachers who are capable of using technology, (b) teachers mastering the material well, (c) the teacher has not been able to manage the class well, (d) the teacher's way of delivering the material has not been able to be understood by some students, (e) the solution so that obstacles do not occur again is that the teacher must improve his professionalism in teaching, 3) character description XI MIPA 7 students, (a) XI MIPA 7 students already have a nationalist character me, (b) there needs to be cooperation between the school and the family and the community to improve the student's nationalistic character. Keywords: The Role of PPKn Teachers, Student Nationalism Character, G30S PKI Fil

Exploring the Characteristics of PBL Teaching Mode Analysis in Primary Education in China

To adapt to the diversification of current education development, PBL education has important development significance at all stages. Among them, primary education is the essential stage for developing learning skills. Compared to traditional teaching, the PBL model allows students to develop cooperative learning and independent thinking mode. By analyzing the characteristics of the PBL teaching mode, this paper concludes that the PBL improving teachers’ enthusiasm in the primary education stage. Moreover, the PBL mode in China’s primary education stage also needs to overcome some problems to better integrate into the teaching classroom and cultivate more students with more learning abilities and comprehensive problem-solving abilities. This article will provide some inspiration for the development of PBL teaching mode in the future

Fairguard: Harness Logic-based Fairness Rules in Smart Cities

Smart cities operate on computational predictive frameworks that collect, aggregate, and utilize data from large-scale sensor networks. However, these frameworks are prone to multiple sources of data and algorithmic bias, which often lead to unfair prediction results. In this work, we first demonstrate that bias persists at a micro-level both temporally and spatially by studying real city data from Chattanooga, TN. To alleviate the issue of such bias, we introduce Fairguard, a micro-level temporal logic-based approach for fair smart city policy adjustment and generation in complex temporal-spatial domains. The Fairguard framework consists of two phases: first, we develop a static generator that is able to reduce data bias based on temporal logic conditions by minimizing correlations between selected attributes. Then, to ensure fairness in predictive algorithms, we design a dynamic component to regulate prediction results and generate future fair predictions by harnessing logic rules. Evaluations show that logic-enabled static Fairguard can effectively reduce the biased correlations while dynamic Fairguard can guarantee fairness on protected groups at run-time with minimal impact on overall performance.Comment: This paper was accepted by the 8th ACM/IEEE Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementatio

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Guided by Signal Temporal Logic Specifications

Reward design is a key component of deep reinforcement learning, yet some tasks and designer's objectives may be unnatural to define as a scalar cost function. Among the various techniques, formal methods integrated with DRL have garnered considerable attention due to their expressiveness and flexibility to define the reward and requirements for different states and actions of the agent. However, how to leverage Signal Temporal Logic (STL) to guide multi-agent reinforcement learning reward design remains unexplored. Complex interactions, heterogeneous goals and critical safety requirements in multi-agent systems make this problem even more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel STL-guided multi-agent reinforcement learning framework. The STL requirements are designed to include both task specifications according to the objective of each agent and safety specifications, and the robustness values of the STL specifications are leveraged to generate rewards. We validate the advantages of our method through empirical studies. The experimental results demonstrate significant reward performance improvements compared to MARL without STL guidance, along with a remarkable increase in the overall safety rate of the multi-agent systems

TAO Conceptual Design Report: A Precision Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum with Sub-percent Energy Resolution

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum for future reactor neutrino experiments, and to provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases. A spherical acrylic vessel containing 2.8 ton gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator will be viewed by 10 m^2 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) of >50% photon detection efficiency with almost full coverage. The photoelectron yield is about 4500 per MeV, an order higher than any existing large-scale liquid scintillator detectors. The detector operates at -50 degree C to lower the dark noise of SiPMs to an acceptable level. The detector will measure about 2000 reactor antineutrinos per day, and is designed to be well shielded from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to have about 10% background-to-signal ratio. The experiment is expected to start operation in 2022

LYVE-1+ macrophages form a collaborative CCR5-dependent perivascular niche that influences chemotherapy responses in murine breast cancer

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that facilitate cancer progression. However, our knowledge of the niches of individual TAM subsets and their development and function remain incomplete. Here, we describe a population of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1)-expressing TAMs, which form coordinated multi-cellular “nest” structures that are heterogeneously distributed proximal to vasculature in tumors of a spontaneous murine model of breast cancer. We demonstrate that LYVE-1+ TAMs develop in response to IL-6, which induces their expression of the immune-suppressive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and promotes a CCR5-dependent signaling axis, which guides their nest formation. Blocking the development of LYVE-1+ TAMs or their nest structures, using gene-targeted mice, results in an increase in CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor and enhanced response to chemotherapy. This study highlights an unappreciated collaboration of a TAM subset to form a coordinated niche linked to immune exclusion and resistance to anti-cancer therapy

LYVE-1+ macrophages form a collaborative CCR5-dependent perivascular niche that influences chemotherapy responses in murine breast cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that facilitate cancer progression. However, our knowledge of the niches of individual TAM subsets and their development and function remain incomplete. Here, we describe a population of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1)-expressing TAMs, which form coordinated multi-cellular "nest" structures that are heterogeneously distributed proximal to vasculature in tumors of a spontaneous murine model of breast cancer. We demonstrate that LYVE-1 + TAMs develop in response to IL-6, which induces their expression of the immune-suppressive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and promotes a CCR5-dependent signaling axis, which guides their nest formation. Blocking the development of LYVE-1 + TAMs or their nest structures, using gene-targeted mice, results in an increase in CD8 + T cell recruitment to the tumor and enhanced response to chemotherapy. This study highlights an unappreciated collaboration of a TAM subset to form a coordinated niche linked to immune exclusion and resistance to anti-cancer therapy

Neutrino Physics with JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton multi-purposeunderground liquid scintillator detector, was proposed with the determinationof the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal. It is also capable ofobserving neutrinos from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial sources, includingsupernova burst neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, geoneutrinos,atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, as well as exotic searches such asnucleon decays, dark matter, sterile neutrinos, etc. We present the physicsmotivations and the anticipated performance of the JUNO detector for variousproposed measurements. By detecting reactor antineutrinos from two power plantsat 53-km distance, JUNO will determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a 3-4sigma significance with six years of running. The measurement of antineutrinospectrum will also lead to the precise determination of three out of the sixoscillation parameters to an accuracy of better than 1\%. Neutrino burst from atypical core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000inverse-beta-decay events and ~2000 all-flavor neutrino-proton elasticscattering events in JUNO. Detection of DSNB would provide valuable informationon the cosmic star-formation rate and the average core-collapsed neutrinoenergy spectrum. Geo-neutrinos can be detected in JUNO with a rate of ~400events per year, significantly improving the statistics of existing geoneutrinosamples. The JUNO detector is sensitive to several exotic searches, e.g. protondecay via the $p\to K^++\bar\nu$ decay channel. The JUNO detector will providea unique facility to address many outstanding crucial questions in particle andastrophysics. It holds the great potential for further advancing our quest tounderstanding the fundamental properties of neutrinos, one of the buildingblocks of our Universe

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve