Design and evaluation of taste masked chewable dispersible tablet of lamotrigine by melt granulation

Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug (AED) of the phenyltriazine class, is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is also used in the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder. But it is a bitter drug and slightly soluble in water. Thus, in the work under taken, an attempt was made to mask the taste and to formulate into a chewable dispersible tablet by complexation with Precirol ATO-05, which also acts as taste masking agent. Since, these tablets can be swallowed in the form of dispersion; it is suitable dosage form for paediatric and geriatric patients. Drug-Precirol ATO-05 was prepared in drug to Precirol ATO-05 ratio of 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5. The prepared tablets were evaluated for general appearance, content uniformity, hardness, friability, taste evaluation, mouth feel, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets with Precirol ATO-05 have shown good disintegrating features, also, the dispersion not showing any bitter taste, indicate the capability of Precirol ATO-05 used, both as taste masking agents. Almost more than 90 percent of drug was released from the formulation within 1 h. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 3 months at temperatures 25±5ºC/60±5%RH; 30±5ºC/65±5%RH and 40±5ºC/75±5%RH. Tablets have shown no appreciable changes with respect to taste, disintegration, and dissolution profiles.Keywords: Lamotrigine; Melt granulation; Precirol; Taste masking; Chewable dispersible tablets

Effect of pre-partum supplementation of rumen protected methionine plus lysine and choline on the performance of crossbred cows

The study was conducted to determine rumen escape potential (REP) of commercial rumen protected methionine (RPM), lysine (RPL) and choline (RPC) products and to examine the effect of supplementing RPM plus RPL and RPC on the performance of preparturient crossbred cows. Crossbred cows (27; 2nd to 4th lactation) were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 9 animals each, on the basis of most probable production ability (MPPA). Cows in control group (T1), were fed basal diet as per NRC (2001). The cows in second group (T2), were supplemented with 5 g RPM and 20 g RPL, and those in third group (T3), were fed 54 g RPC per cow/day for 40 days pre-partum. In sacco study revealed that REP of RPM, RPL and RPC was 75.20, 54.97 and 72.89%, respectively. Supplementation of RPM plus RPL and RPC resulted in higher body condition score (BCS) in crossbred cows on the day of parturition. Nutrient intake was similar among the groups, except that duodenal supply of methionine and lysine was higher in T2 group. Plasma triglycerides, VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) and phosphatidylcholine levels were higher in T2 and T3 groups while vitamin E level was higher in T3 group, on the day of parturition, indicating better immune status. It was concluded that fortification of ration with RPM plus RPL and RPC resulted in improved body condition score, duodenal supply of methionine and lysine and better immune status in cows during prepartum period

Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and QSAR studies of 2-chloro- N -arylacetamides

ABSTRACT We describe herein the synthesis and evaluation of the antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and cytotoxicity to murine macrophages of a series of 2-chloro-N-arylacetamide derivatives. All compounds were active, except one (compound 3). Compound 5 presented the most promising results, showing good antileishmanial activity (CI50=5.39±0.67 µM) and moderate selectivity (SI=6.36), indicating that further development of this class is worthwhile. Preliminary QSAR studies, although not predictive, furnished some insights on the importance of electronic character of aryl substituent to biological activity, as well as an indirect influence of hydrophobicity on activity

Eudragit ® FS 30 D polymeric films containing chondroitin sulfate as candidates for use in coating seeking modified delivery of drugs

ABSTRACT Polymeric films associating different concentrations of Eudragit(r) FS 30 D (EFS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were produced by casting for the development of a new target-specific site material. Formed films kept a final polymer mass of 4% (w/v) in the following proportions: EFS 100:00 CS (control), EFS 95:05 CS, EFS 90:10 CS and EFS 80:20 CS. They were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, they were characterized by their water vapor permeability and degree of hydration at different conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract. No chemical interactions were observed between CS and EFS, suggesting only a physical interaction between them in the different combinations tested. The results suggest that EFS and CS, when combined, may form films that are candidates for coating processes seeking a modified drug delivery, especially due to the synergism between pH dependency and specific biodegradability properties by the colonic microbiota. EFS 90:10 CS proved to be the most suitable for this purpose considering hydration and permeability characteristics of different associations analyzed

Amelioration of Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure by Citrullus lanatus Seeds

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) (Cucerbitaceae) is a trailing annual herb native to India, Nigeria, and Africa, commonly known as Matsum and Nakai. It thrives in all tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas with hot summers. In India, seeds have long been used to treat hypotensive and diuretic effects, as well as kidney stones and urinary passages. This study looked at the effects of a methanol extract of C. lanatus seeds (MCL) on rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) in Wistar rats. Five groups (n = 5) of male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were formed. A single intramuscular injection of glycerol (GL) (8 ml/kg) was used to induce ARF. Following GL injection, all animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Renal function tests utilizing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were performed on freshly separated serum. The right kidney was stored in 10% buffered formalin for histological sectioning, and the amount of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity were all measured. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. *P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Animals pre-treated with MCL (100 and 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) for 7 days before GL dramatically altered and restored serum creatinine, BUN, creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and renal morphology in comparison to the GL-treated group. Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, SOD, CAT, and GSH were also dramatically improved. The findings of this study suggest that C. lanatus seed has a possible anti-GL-induced ARF effect, verifying its ethnomedicinal use

Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.7/Feb-2014/12.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

m-RNA profiling of HSP-70 under different tropical stress conditions in various broiler

BEHAVIOR OF PLASTIC TILES UNDER FLEXURE TEST AND ABRASION TEST

The environmental decontamination and land pollution can be reduced by making best from waste. An alternative is provided for flooring or roofing tiles that consume nonrenewable resources, or produce negative environmental impact. In this research project three samples of tiles having 10 mm thickness were made. Waste Plastic from industries and epoxy resin along with hardner were mixed and tiles were casted. Then these tiles are tested in laboratory