La vida de los pescadores importa: cuestiones sociales en la migración de la pesca en pequeña escala de Ghana

Migration is a common feature of most small-scale fisheries (SSF) across the globe. To enhance fisheries resources sustainability and management, we examined the social issues in the SSF from the perspective of fishers, Chief Fishermen, and Fisheries Technical Officers who are actively involved in SSF migration and fisheries management along the coast of Ghana. We conducted in-depth interviews in six important migrant fishers’ communities and analysed documents on the socio-economic conditions of migrant fishers, conflicts among migrant fishers, rights of migrant fishers and the role of government in managing fishers’ migration. Findings showed that the successful integration of migrant fishers in the host communities resulted in minimal conflictual incidents that are resolved through dialogue. Furthermore, both the Fisheries Technical Officers and Chief Fishermen are involved in conflict resolution depending on the nature of the dispute. Also, most migrant fishers (over 50%) have the same rights as the local fishers, though they are marginalized during the distribution of premix fuel. Migrant fishers with prominent status played key role during decision-making process in the host communities. Overall, the study showed that migrant fishers have aided in the progress of fishing technology, food security, and small-scale business in the host fishing communities. To avert any form of marginalization during the distribution of premix fuel, it is prudent for authorities to develop relevant policies that will ensure that migrant fishers receive enough fuel for their fishing activities in the host communities.La migración es una característica común de la mayoría de las pesquerías de pequeña escala (PPE) en todo el mundo. Para mejorar la sostenibilidad y la gestión de los recursos pesqueros, se examinaron los problemas sociales en las PPE desde la perspectiva de los pescadores, los Jefes de Pescadores y los Oficiales Técnicos de Pesca que participan activamente en la migración y la gestión pesquera de las PPE a lo largo de la costa de Ghana. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad en seis importantes comunidades de pescadores migrantes y analizamos documentos sobre las condiciones socioeconómicas de los pescadores migrantes, los conflictos entre los pescadores migrantes, los derechos de los pescadores migrantes y el papel del gobierno en la gestión de la migración de los pescadores. Los hallazgos mostraron que la integración exitosa de los pescadores migrantes en las comunidades de acogida resultó en incidentes conflictivos mínimos que se resuelven a través del diálogo. Además, tanto los Oficiales Técnicos de Pesca como los Jefes de Pescadores están involucrados en la resolución de conflictos, dependiendo de la naturaleza de la disputa. Además, la mayoría de los pescadores migrantes (más de 50%) tienen los mismos derechos que los pescadores locales, aunque son marginados durante la distribución de la premezcla de combustible. Los pescadores migrantes con un estatus destacado desempeñaron un papel clave durante el proceso de toma de decisiones en las comunidades de acogida. En general, el estudio mostró que los pescadores migrantes han ayudado en el progreso de la tecnología pesquera, la seguridad alimentaria y los negocios a pequeña escala en las comunidades pesqueras anfitrionas. Para evitar cualquier forma de marginación durante la distribución de combustible de premezcla, es prudente que las autoridades desarrollen políticas inteligentes que aseguren que los pescadores migrantes reciban suficiente combustible para sus actividades pesqueras en las comunidades de acogida

Impacto de las actividades de construcción de puertos en la estructura, composición y diversidad de la población de peces: estudio de caso de Tema, Ghana

Ports offer economic progress to many coastal developing countries. In view of the economic importance, the rising demand for maritime benefits requires the expansion of existing ports. However, marine ecosystems may become vulnerable to negative impact from the construction of these maritime structures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the impact of Tema port expansion on the diversity and population structure of fish species. Data were collected quarterly from June 2018 to November 2021 through trawling fishing activities off the coast of Greater Accra, Ghana, and subsequently analysed using Primer 6 software. Sampling locations along the coast of Greater Accra included Vernon Bank (VNB), Disposal area (DSA) and Offshore Sakumono (OSK). The increased and reduced number of species at VNB and DSA, respectively, could be alluded to dredging and disposal of dredged spoils. Diversity indices at OSK site was higher than those observed in disturbed areas due to the absence of impact in this control area. Thus, it is recommended to conduct further studies on the assemblage of invasive species that migrated to the VNB during dredging activities, since these species can have severe economic impact on fishing activities of artisanal fishermen, especially at the local level.Los puertos ofrecen progreso económico a muchos países costeros en desarrollo. En vista de la importancia económica, la creciente demanda de beneficios marítimos requiere la ampliación de los puertos existentes. Sin embargo, los ecosistemas marinos pueden volverse vulnerables al impacto negativo de la construcción de estas estructuras marítimas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue establecer el impacto de la expansión del puerto de Tema sobre la diversidad y estructura de la población de peces. Los datos se recopilaron trimestralmente desde junio de 2018 hasta noviembre de 2021 mediante actividades de pesca de arrastre fren-te a la costa del Gran Accra, Ghana. Los mismos se analizaron utilizando el software Primer 6. Los lugares de muestreo a lo largo de la costa del Gran Accra incluyeron Vernon Bank (VNB), Disposal area (DSA) y Offshore Sakumono (OSK). El mayor y menor número de especies en VNB y DSA, respectivamente, podría deberse al dragado y disposición de los escombros removidos. Los índices de diversidad en el sitio OSK fueron más altos que los observados en áreas perturbadas debido a la ausencia de impacto en esta área de control. Por lo tanto, se recomienda realizar más estudios sobre las asociaciones de especies invasoras que migraron al VNB durante las actividades de dragado, ya que estas especies pueden tener severos impactos económicos en la actividad pesquera de los pescadores artesanales, especialmente a nivel local

Comparative analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of Delta and Non-Delta spaces of Ghana: An input-output approach

This paper provides insights into the current socioeconomic and biophysical state of the Volta Delta, Ghana. We employed non-survey methods, notably the Flegg Location Quotient (FLQ) method of regionalization and construction of tables to develop environmentally extended input-output (IO) model for comparing the economic characteristics of the Volta Delta and the rest of the country. The main sources of data for doing the regionalization were District Analytical Reports. Results from the study indicate that the agricultural sector, trade and transport activities are much predominant in the delta than in the non-delta region. However, employment in services of public administration, financial and insurance, construction and crop production is higher in the non-delta than in the delta region. From a gendered perspective, the embodied work of women in the delta is high in services and manufacturing sectors, but less predominant in agriculture and fishing (compared to the males’ participation). Overall, the delta is found to be a net importer (embodied in goods and services from other regions, higher than in exports) of all the economic metrics used in the study, including agricultural land use, employment, energy and CO2 emissions.Keywords: Economic activities; Volta delta; Non-delta; Land use; Employment; Sector productions; Ghan

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea treated with artemether-lumefantrine for acute uncomplicated malaria

IntroductionLimited information exists on any interactions between hydroxyurea (HU) and antimalarials in sickle cell disease (SCD). We evaluated changes in clinical and laboratory parameters among children with SCD on HU therapy treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for acute uncomplicated malaria (UM).MethodsA prospective, non-randomized, pilot study of 127 children with SCD (23, UM; 104, steady state) were recruited from three hospitals in Accra. UM participants were treated with standard doses of AL and followed up, on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Venous blood was collected at baseline and follow-up days in participants with UM for determination of malaria parasitaemia, full blood count, reticulocytes, and clinical chemistry. Further, Plasmodium falciparum identification of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positive samples was done using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAmong SCD participants with UM, admission temperature, neutrophils, alanine-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and haemoglobin significantly differed between HU recipients (HU+) and steady state, while white blood cell, neutrophils, reticulocytes, bilirubin, urea, and temperature differed significantly between non-HU recipients (no-HU), and steady state. Mean parasitaemia (HU+, 2930.3 vs. no-HU, 1,060, p = 0.74) and adverse events (HU+, 13.9% vs. no-HU, 14.3%), were comparable (p = 0.94). Day 28 reticulocyte count was higher in the HU+ (0.24) (0.17 to 0.37) vs. no-HU, [0.15 (0.09 to 0.27), p = 0.022]. Significant differences in lymphocyte [HU+ 2.74 95% CI (−5.38 to 58.57) vs. no-HU −0.34 (−3.19 to 4.44), p = 0.024]; bilirubin [HU+, −4.44 (−16.36 to 20.74) vs. no-HU −18.37 (−108.79 to −7.16)]; and alanine aminotransferase, [HU+, −4.00 (−48.55 to 6.00) vs. no-HU, 7.00 (−22.00 to 22.00)] were observed during follow up.ConclusionParasite clearance and adverse event occurrence were comparable between SCD children treated with AL irrespective of HU status. However, distinct patterns of changes in laboratory indices suggest the need for larger, more focused studies

Characteristics of Inpatient Hypertension Cases and Factors Associated with Admission Outcomes in Ashanti Region, Ghana: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Hypertension remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It has been featured in the top ten causes of OPD attendance, admissions, and deaths since 2012. We investigated the sociodemographic characteristics and spatial distribution of inpatient hypertensives and factors associated with their admission outcomes. Methods. A 2014 line list of 1715 inpatient HPT cases aged ≥25 years was used for the cross-sectional analytic study. Accounting for clustering, all analyses were performed using the “svy” command in Stata. Frequencies, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis. Arc view Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) was used to map the density of cases by place of residence and reporting hospital. Results. Mean age of cases was 58 (S.D 0.0068). Females constituted 67.6% of the cases. Age, gender, and NHIS status were significantly associated with admission outcomes. Cases were clustered in the regional capital and bordering districts. However, low case densities were recorded in the latter. Conclusion. Increasing NHIS access can potentially impact positively on hypertension admission outcomes. Health educational campaigns targeting men are recommended to address hypertension-related issues

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice