9,362 research outputs found
Chern-Simons terms from thermal circles and anomalies
We compute the full contribution of flavor and (or) Lorentz anomalies to the
thermodynamic partition function. Apart from the Wess-Zumino consistency
condition the Euclidean generating function must satisfy an extra requirement
which we refer to as `consistency with the Euclidean vacuum.' The latter
requirement fixes all Chern-Simons terms that arise in a particular
Kaluza-Klein reduction of the theory. The solution to both conditions may be
encoded in a `thermal anomaly polynomial' which we compute. Our construction
fixes all the thermodynamic response parameters of a hydrodynamic theory
associated with anomalies.Comment: 30 page
Anomaly inflow and thermal equilibrium
Using the anomaly inflow mechanism, we compute the flavor/Lorentz
non-invariant contribution to the partition function in a background with a
U(1) isometry. This contribution is a local functional of the background
fields. By identifying the U(1) isometry with Euclidean time we obtain a
contribution of the anomaly to the thermodynamic partition function from which
hydrostatic correlators can be efficiently computed. Our result is in line
with, and an extension of, previous studies on the role of anomalies in a
hydrodynamic setting. Along the way we find simplified expressions for
Bardeen-Zumino polynomials and various transgression formulaeComment: 72 pages, 1 figure; v2: slight change to abstract, updated reference
Probing Noise in Gene Expression and Protein Production
We derive exact solutions of simplified models for the temporal evolution of
the protein concentration within a cell population arbitrarily far from the
stationary state. We show that monitoring the dynamics can assist in modeling
and understanding the nature of the noise and its role in gene expression and
protein production. We introduce a new measure, the cell turnover distribution,
which can be used to probe the phase of transcription of DNA into messenger
RNA.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information on reques
Simulation study of gust alleviation in a tilt rotor aircraft, volume 1
The response to vertical turbulence in cruise of the HTR XV-15 design is studied using simulation techniques. This design is a modified version of the XV-15 with a hingeless fiberglass soft-in-plane rotor system. The parameters of a gust alleviation system are determined and the performance of the system is evaluated over a range of cruise velocities and altitudes
Outgoing gravitational shock-wave at the inner horizon: The late-time limit of black hole interiors
We investigate the interiors of 3+1 dimensional asymptotically flat charged
and rotating black holes as described by observers who fall into the black
holes at late times, long after any perturbations of the exterior region have
decayed. In the strict limit of late infall times, the initial experiences of
such observers are precisely described by the region of the limiting stationary
geometry to the past of its inner horizon. However, we argue that late
infall-time observers encounter a null shockwave at the location of the
would-be outgoing inner horizon. In particular, for spherically symmetric black
hole spacetimes we demonstrate that freely-falling observers experience a
metric discontinuity across this shock, that is, a gravitational shock-wave.
Furthermore, the magnitude of this shock is at least of order unity. A similar
phenomenon of metric discontinuity appears to take place at the inner horizon
of a generically-perturbed spinning black hole. We compare the properties of
this null shockwave singularity with those of the null weak singularity that
forms at the Cauchy horizon.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, minor change
Shapes of hydrophobic thick membranes
We introduce and study the behavior of a tethered membrane of non-zero
thickness embedded in three dimensions subject to an effective self-attraction
induced by hydrophobicity arising from the tendency to minimize the area
exposed to a solvent. The phase behavior and the nature of the folded
conformations are found to be quite distinct in the small and large solvent
size regimes. We demonstrate spontaneous symmetry-breaking with the membrane
folding along a preferential axis, when the solvent molecules are small
compared to the membrane thickness. For large solvent molecule size, a local
crinkling mechanism effectively shields the membrane from the solvent, even in
relatively flat conformations. We discuss the binding/unbinding transition of a
membrane to a wall that serves to shield the membrane from the solvent.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to appear in EP
Variational approach to protein design and extraction of interaction potentials
We present and discuss a novel approach to the direct and inverse protein
folding problem. The proposed strategy is based on a variational approach that
allows the simultaneous extraction of amino acid interactions and the
low-temperature free energy of sequences of amino acids. The knowledge-based
technique is simple and straightforward to implement even for realistic
off-lattice proteins because it does not entail threading-like procedures. Its
validity is assessed in the context of a lattice model by means of a variety of
stringent checks.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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