ALMA Detection of Extended [C II] Emission in Himiko at z = 6.6

Himiko is one of the most luminous Ly{\alpha} emitters at z = 6.595. It has three star forming clumps detected in the rest-frame UV, with a total SFR = 20 M$_\odot$/yr. We report the ALMA detection of the [CII]158$\mu$m line emission in this galaxy with a significance of 9$\sigma$. The total [CII] luminosity (L[CII]= (1.2$\pm$0.2)$\times$10$^{8}$ L$_{\odot}$) is fully consistent with the local L[CII]-SFR relation. The ALMA high-angular resolution reveals that the [CII] emission is made of two distinct components. The brightest [CII] clump is extended over 4 kpc and is located on the peak of the Ly{\alpha} nebula, which is spatially offset by 1 kpc relative to the brightest UV clump. The second [CII] component is spatially unresolved (size $<$2 kpc) and coincident with one of the three UV clumps. While the latter component is consitent with the local L[CII]-SFR relation, the other components are scattered above and below the local relation. We shortly discuss the possible origin of the [CII] components and their relation with the star forming clumps traced by the UV emission

Curved, Precast, Pretensioned Concrete I-Girder Bridges

Modern highway construction frequently requires bridges with horizontally curved alignments. Such bridges can be created by superimposing a curved deck slab onto straight girders or by splicing segmental straight girders on the chords of a curved roadway. Of these two methods, a curved superstructure usually results in simpler construction and better appearance

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber/Poly [Styrene-co-2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl Trimethylammonium Chloride] Nanocomposites by Heterocoagulation

AbstractThe simple technique as heterocoagulation was used to prepare natural rubber (NR) with poly[styrene-co-2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] (P(S-QDM)) nanocomposites (NR/P(S-QDM)). P(S-QDM) particle was prepared by emulsion polymerization at 80°C using azobisisobutylamide dihydrochloride as initiator. Under the alkaline condition, NR latex (NRL) surface represents negative charge deriving from protein adsorbed on its surface while strong positive charge of P(S-QDM) surface deriving from QDM structure is obtained. The assembly via electrostatic interaction between NRL and P(S-QDM) particles in the emulsion state is then taken place with pH adjustable from 2 to 8. The particle surface, particle size and charge of the polymer nanocomposites were measured by scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, respectively, to compare those with the original NR properties

Orthosiphon Versus Placebo in Nephrolithiasis with Multiple Chronic Complaints: A Randomized Control Trial

Nephrolithiasis in the communities of Northeast Thailand frequently presents with multiple chronic health complaints, i.e. myofascial pain, back pain, dyspepsia, arthralgia, headache, fatigue, frank paresthesia, dysuria and any of these aggravated by purine-rich food (PRF). We assessed the efficacy of Orthosiphon in treating subjects with at least two active symptoms and negative for urine white blood cells. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. Crude extract of Orthosiphon given in a capsule (equivalent to 1.6–1.8 g of dried leaves of Orthosiphon) two times a day to Group 1 (n = 36) and a placebo to Group 2 (n = 40) for 14 days. The medication for each subject was packed and its code kept secret until the data analysis. Both groups were asked not to consume any of 25 purine-rich foods (PRFs) during treatment. The primary measure was the reduced sum of active severity symptoms as recorded using the visual analog scale before and after therapy (i.e. on day 7 and 14). The data on 76 subjects were processed. The mean of the total scores (95% CI) of the symptoms in each group were decreased significantly (P < 0.001); 185.6 (153.3, 218.0) to 94.7 (58.2, 131.2) in the Orthosiphon group and 196.1 (164.4, 227.8) to 89.6 (62.8, 116.5) in the placebo group. When comparing between groups, no statistically significant difference was found. The mean consumption in PRFs was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in both groups; however, Orthosiphon did not have additional benefit over placebo at 7 and 14 days of treatment during which they reduced these foods

Spec2Fab: A reducer-tuner model for translating specifications to 3D prints

Multi-material 3D printing allows objects to be composed of complex, heterogenous arrangements of materials. It is often more natural to define a functional goal than to define the material composition of an object. Translating these functional requirements to fabri-cable 3D prints is still an open research problem. Recently, several specific instances of this problem have been explored (e.g., appearance or elastic deformation), but they exist as isolated, monolithic algorithms. In this paper, we propose an abstraction mechanism that simplifies the design, development, implementation, and reuse of these algorithms. Our solution relies on two new data structures: a reducer tree that efficiently parameterizes the space of material assignments and a tuner network that describes the optimization process used to compute material arrangement. We provide an application programming interface for specifying the desired object and for defining parameters for the reducer tree and tuner network. We illustrate the utility of our framework by implementing several fabrication algorithms as well as demonstrating the manufactured results.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-12-1-4242)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CCF-1138967)reducer-tuner model for translating specifications to 3D prints (IIS-1116296)Google (Firm) (Faculty Research Award

Predictors of Swimming Skill of Primary School Children in Rural Thailand

Drowning is a leading cause of childhood deaths in Asian countries. Children in primary school have a high rate of fatal drowning. These fatal drownings commonly occur in natural water bodies near the child’s residence. The 2004 Thai National Injury Survey reported a higher rate of drowning death in rural settings. While swimming skill is recommended to decrease drowning risk, there is a lack of information on factors contributing to a child’s swimming skill. This study assesses guardians’ perceptions of the swimming skill of rural primary school children and identifies associated risk and protective factors. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-September 2009 in rural communities of Chiang Rai province, Thailand. We analyzed a total of 633 interview surveys completed with guardians of primary school children. Results revealed that less than one-fifth (19%) of the school children (age 6-12 years old) could swim. Multiple logistic regression showed that children who can swim are more likely to have attended swimming lessons Ratio [OR] = 23.95; 95% CI = 12.21-46.98); be 10-12 years of age (OR = 4.15; 95% CI = 2.35-7.30); be male (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.67-4.77); have had self-reported life-threatening submersion experience (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.10-4.12); or be the child of a guardian who can swim (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.25-3.44). The results highlight the need to provide swimming lessons targeting all children beginning in the younger age groups. Local resources in natural water sites may provide a place for safe swimming lessons in rural areas

Joint view expansion and filtering for automultiscopic 3D displays

Multi-view autostereoscopic displays provide an immersive, glasses-free 3D viewing experience, but they require correctly filtered content from multiple viewpoints. This, however, cannot be easily obtained with current stereoscopic production pipelines. We provide a practical solution that takes a stereoscopic video as an input and converts it to multi-view and filtered video streams that can be used to drive multi-view autostereoscopic displays. The method combines a phase-based video magnification and an interperspective antialiasing into a single filtering process. The whole algorithm is simple and can be efficiently implemented on current GPUs to yield a near real-time performance. Furthermore, the ability to retarget disparity is naturally supported. Our method is robust and works well for challenging video scenes with defocus blur, motion blur, transparent materials, and specularities. We show that our results are superior when compared to the state-of-the-art depth-based rendering methods. Finally, we showcase the method in the context of a real-time 3D videoconferencing system that requires only two cameras.Quanta Computer (Firm)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF IIS-1111415)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF IIS-1116296

Antibacterial activity of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(D-Pro-L-Tyr) from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp<i>.</i> strain 22-4 against phytopathogenic bacteria

<p>Two bioactive cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(D-Pro-L-Tyr), were isolated from the culture broth of <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. strain 22-4 and tested against three economically important plant pathogens, <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. citri, <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i>. Both cyclic dipeptides were active against <i>X. axonopodis</i> pv. citri and <i>R. Solanacearum</i> with MIC of 31.25 <i>μ</i>g/mL<i>.</i> No activity could be observed against <i>C. michiganensis</i>.</p