[Needed The Private Part of The Women to be Examined by Perspective Maqasid Al-Shari’ah] Keperluan Membuka Aurat Ketika Rawatan Antenatal Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syari’ah

Antenatal care is a health treatment provided for pregnant woman throughout their pregnancy periods. Usually the treatment and procedures included will be conducted in health clinics or hospitals. The procedures involved aimed to provide the best health care treatment for both mothers and the baby. The periodic treatment given were according to the level of pregnant woman’s health to preserve the maslahah and to avoid the mafsadah. However, the step to achieve this maqasid al-shari’ah need to be defined especially regarding the procedure that need the private part of the women to be examined. The confusion to define the limitation for this procedure will lead into the misconception of the Islamic’s law permission regarding this matter. Therefore, this research intended to identify the permission and it’s limit in exposing the aurat especially the genital part from the perspective of maqasid al-shariah. Through the analysis of Muslim jurists literatures, manuals of antenatal treatment guidelines and interview had been conducted to Obstetrican and Gynecologist, the study found that in emergency condition which threatening life and body, exposing the part of the body is considered as daruriy. However, in ordinary situation to ease the treatment procedure, this was considered as hajiy. Hence the application of maslahah and mafsadah will be the reference point to identify the levels of daruriy or hajiy that is acknowledging by Islam in procedures.   Keywords: aurat; antenatal care; objectives of syari’ah; medical; maslahah and mafsada

[Needed The Private Part of The Women to be Examined by Perspective Maqasid Al-Shari’ah] Keperluan Membuka Aurat Ketika Rawatan Antenatal Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syari’ah

Antenatal care is a health treatment provided for pregnant woman throughout their pregnancy periods. Usually the treatment and procedures included will be conducted in health clinics or hospitals. The procedures involved aimed to provide the best health care treatment for both mothers and the baby. The periodic treatment given were according to the level of pregnant woman’s health to preserve the maslahah and to avoid the mafsadah. However, the step to achieve this maqasid al-shari’ah need to be defined especially regarding the procedure that need the private part of the women to be examined. The confusion to define the limitation for this procedure will lead into the misconception of the Islamic’s law permission regarding this matter. Therefore, this research intended to identify the permission and it’s limit in exposing the aurat especially the genital part from the perspective of maqasid al-shariah. Through the analysis of Muslim jurists literatures, manuals of antenatal treatment guidelines and interview had been conducted to Obstetrican and Gynecologist, the study found that in emergency condition which threatening life and body, exposing the part of the body is considered as daruriy. However, in ordinary situation to ease the treatment procedure, this was considered as hajiy. Hence the application of maslahah and mafsadah will be the reference point to identify the levels of daruriy or hajiy that is acknowledging by Islam in procedures.   Keywords: aurat; antenatal care; objectives of syari’ah; medical; maslahah and mafsada

Pre-Materials Selection for Eco-Aware Lightweight Friction Material

In the automotive industry, non-asbestos based components, such as brake pads, have been in high demand due to environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and select an alternative friction material, which is desired to eco-aware lightweight, cost effective, and non-toxic. This will be accomplished using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) Edupack software, embedded within an Eco-Audit Tool. The results show that Kenaf, which is a commodity plant in Malaysia, is the most suitable alternative friction material that passes all of the design stages and consumes less energy, compared to asbestos and other potential materials. Keywords

Materials Selection for Eco-Aware Lightweight Friction Material

In the automotive industry, non-asbestos based components, such as brake pads, have been in high demand due to environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select an alternative friction material, which is eco-aware lightweight, cost effective, and non-toxic. This will be accomplished using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) Edupack software, embedded within an Eco-Audit Tool. For verification, a comparative study using the Pugh method was also investigated. The results show that Kenaf, which is a commodity plant in Malaysia, is the most suitable alternative friction material that passes all of the design stages and consumes less energy, compared to asbestos and other potential materials

Level of Readiness to Become Entrepreneurs Among Lifelong Learning Programmes Participants in Malaysian Community Colleges

An entrepreneur needs to be physically and mentally prepared, with creative thinking skills, risk taker attitudes, as well as being a wise decision maker. Individuals aiming to be successful entrepreneurs need to have adequate entrepreneurial readiness with respect to knowledge, interests, motivation and abilities. The purpose of the research is to measure the level of readiness towards becoming entrepreneurs among participants of the lifelong learning programme in Malaysian community colleges. This research focuses on four elements of readiness comprising knowledge, interest, motivation and ability which were measured using a self-perception questionnaire. The sample for this research consisted of 236 participants from 305 students in the Lifelong Learning (LL) programme for Pastry making at Malaysian community colleges under the Ministry of Education. Data were analysed using mean and Kruskal Wallis test. The data analyses results show that the level of readiness from the aspect of knowledge (M = 3.67, SD = 0.58) is moderate, interest (M = 4.13, SD = 0.55) is high, motivation (M = 4.13, SD = 0.55) is high and ability (M = 3.8852, SD = 0.64) is moderate. No difference was found on entrepreneurial readiness between participants of different age groups indicating that age may not be a contributing factor towards entrepreneurship among pastry making LL programme participants. &nbsp

Selection and Verification of Kenaf Fibres as an Alternative Friction Material Using Weighted Decision Matrix Method

Nowadays, natural fibres composites are widely investigated and acknowledged as materials which minimise carbon dioxide produced in all phases of their interaction with environment compared to glass fibres composites. However, the fibres selection is still based on economic factors and local availability rather than dependency on a systematic approach. Therefore, this paper suggests a study on how kenaf fibres is verified compared to other natural fibres that could potentially be used as an alternative source of friction material (FMs) using the Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) approach. The method of selection is to consider the impact on the environment and human health. An exhaustive review of potential natural fibres and friction materials is presented and suggested for future development direction. The result shows that WDM method verifies the suggested suitability of kenaf fibres

Selection and Verification of Kenaf Fibres as an Alternative Friction Material Using Weighted Decision Matrix Method

Nowadays, natural fibres composites are widely investigated and acknowledged as materials which minimise carbon dioxide produced in all phases of their interaction with environment compared to glass fibres composites. However, the fibres selection is still based on economic factors and local availability rather than dependency on a systematic approach. Therefore, this paper suggests a study on how kenaf fibres is verified compared to other natural fibres that could potentially be used as an alternative source of friction material (FMs) using the Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) approach. The method of selection is to consider the impact on the environment and human health. An exhaustive review of potential natural fibres and friction materials is presented and suggested for future development direction. The result shows that WDM method verifies the suggested suitability of kenaf fibres

The role of lutein-rich purple sweet potato leaf extract on the amelioration of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced Sprague–Dawley rats

The objective of this study is to access the effect of purple sweet potato leaf (PSPL) extract on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ, and diabetes was confirmed on day 7. Rats were further divided into a few groups, which were then orally administered with one of the following treatments: 25 mg/kg of gliclazide (D25G), 200 mg/kg of PSPL extract (DT 200), and 400 mg/kg of PSPL extract (DT 400). However, the normal control (NS) and control group for diabetic (DNS) were given normal saline (NS) for 12 weeks. The results show that the treated group demonstrated a reduction in serum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) levels of DT 200 and DT 400, and an increase in the serum and retinal insulin levels, and restored oxidative stress markers in serum and retina on week 12. The PSPL extract exhibited protective effects in maintaining the kidney, liver, retina, and pancreas architecture in 400 mg/kg compared to the 200 mg/kg treated group and D25G, thereby restoring fully transparent lenses in diabetes-induced rats. In conclusion, 400 mg/kg PSPL is the most effective dose for the amelioration of STZ-induced DR pathology in male SD rats