Relationship between exports, imports, and economic growth in France: evidence from cointegration analysis and Granger causality with using geostatistical models

This paper introduces a new way of investigating linear and nonlinear Granger causality between exports, imports and economic growth in France over the period 1961-2006 with using geostatistical models (kiriging and inverse distance weighting). Geostatistical methods are the ordinary methods for forecasting the locations and making map in water engineerig, environment, environmental pollution, mining, ecology, geology and geography. Although, this is the first time which geostatistics knowledge is used for economic analyzes. In classical econometrics there do not exist any estimator which have the capability to find the best functional form in the estimation. Geostatistical models investigate simultaneous linear and various nonlinear types of causality test, which cause to decrease the effects of choosing functional form in autoregressive model. This approach imitates the Granger definition and structure but improve it to have better ability to investigate nonlinear causality. Results of both VEC and Improved-VEC (with geostatistical methods) are similar and show existance of long run unidirectional causality from exports and imports to economic growth. However the F-statistic of improved-VEC is larger than VEC indicating that there are some exponential and spherical functions in the VEC structure instead of the linear form.Granger causality; Exports; Imports; Economic growth; Geostatistical model; Kiriging; Inverse distance weighting; Vector auto-regression; France

Ground-state phases of rung-alternated spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder

The ground-state phase diagram of Heisenberg spin-1/2 system on a two-leg ladder with rung alternation is studied by combining analytical approaches with numerical simulations. For the case of ferromagnetic leg exchanges a unique ferrimagnetic ground state emerges, whereas for the case of antiferromagnetic leg exchanges several different ground states are stabilized depending on the ratio between exchanges along legs and rungs. For the more general case of a honeycomb-ladder model for the case of ferromagnetic leg exchanges besides usual rung-singlet and saturated ferromagnetic states we obtain a ferrimagnetic Luttinger liquid phase with both linear and quadratic low energy dispersions and ground state magnetization continuously changing with system parameters. For the case of antiferromagnetic exchanges along legs, different dimerized states including states with additional topological order are suggested to be realized

Evaluating the development of life and progress of heavy vehicles based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in main subsystems

The development of automotive products considering product lifecycle is considered as one of the automotive strategic key issues. In this article, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate the lifetime of heavy vehicles. To do this research, subsystems of weighted Titan heavy vehicle and the position of desired vehicle compared to other vehicles in the various subsystems and in general by the technical standards, new technologies and aesthetic appearance is evaluated. Finally, the curve of progress and technology life of Titan vehicle is provided. The results show that technical standards in automotive technology growth curve has the greatest impact in comparison with other properties. About Titan vehicle according to the technology lifecycle should be considered this issue that the technology of this vehicle because spending their maturity era is in decline. Regarding the investigation of new technologies, we have to think to make changes in vehicle technology or finding alternative technology. According to the first priority, criteria and the weight of analytic hierarchy process, the technical criteria, first the action should be done in technical improvements of the vehicle, and also considering that the sub-criteria of engine performance assigned the highest weight to itself, most of the studies should be placed in order to improve Titan automotive technology in terms of vehicle performance.Keywords: lifecycle, lifecycle of technology, heavy vehicles, subsystems, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP

An integrated microring circuit design for optoelectronic transformer applications

The on-chip scale circuit of the optoelectronic transformer is designed and manipulated using the microring resonator system. By using the monochromatic input light source, the electro-optic signals can be generated and functioned as the step up and down conversion by mean of the on-chip optoelectronic transformer. The step up and down of the electro-optic related power conversions can be obtained via the input and drop port connections. The results obtained have shown that the flexible up and down electro-optic conversion ratios of 1: 5 and 10:1 for the step up and down conversions, respectively. The uses light source wavelength source was centered at 800 nm, where the conversion stability of 1600 fs is noted. The linearity trend of the conversion stability is confirmed

Applications of ultrasonic testing and machine learning methods to predict the static & fatigue behavior of spot-welded joints

© 2020 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. This manuscript is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). For further details please see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is one of the well-known Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) of spot-weld inspection in the advanced industries, especially in automotive industry. However, the relationship between the UT results and strength of the spot-welded joints subjected to various loading conditions isunknown. The main purpose of this research is to present an integrated search system as a new approach for assessment of tensile strength and fatigue behavior of the spot-welded joints. To this end, Resistance Spot Weld (RSW) specimens of three-sheets were made of different types of low carbon steel. Afterward, the ultrasonic tests were carried out and the pulse-echo data of each sample were extracted utilizing Image Processing Technique (IPT). Several experiments (tensile and axial fatigue tests) were performed to study the mechanical properties of RSW joints of multiple sheets. The novel approach of the present research is to provide a new methodology for static strength and fatigue life assessment of three-sheets RSW joints based on the UT results by utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) simulation. Next, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the structure of ANN. This approach helps to decrease the number of tests and the cost of performing destructive tests with appropriate reliability.Peer reviewe

Effect of different salinity on ions, osmolarity, water concentration of body tissue, gill chloride cells and mortality percentage of juveniles of Caspian roach (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamensky 1901)

Changes of ions (Na+, Ca, K+), osmolarity and water concentration of body tissue, size and number of gill chloride cells as well as mortality percentage of the juveniles Caspian roaches in weight groups of 0.2, 0.5 & 1g water satiny stress were studied. The salinities tested were 0 (fresh water), 7, 12.5 & 16 g/lit and the assessments were completed 0, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hours after exposure. Results showed that ions and osmolarity of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5g/lit increased significantly during the first 12 hours (P'<0.05). These values then showed down were trend to the values recorded for fresh water. Water concentration of body tissue reached the minimum mean value in 12 hours (P<0.05) in salinity of 12.5 g/lit and then showed upward trend to the value obtained for freshwater. Ions and osmolarity of body tissue of the juveniles increased and water concentration of body tissue decreased significant after the first 12 hours of transferring into salinity of 16g/lit (P<0.05). Weight changes in juveniles of 1g in salinities of 0 up to 16g/lit was similar to juveniles of 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5gllit and the maximum mean values of ions and osmolarity and the minimum value of water concentration body tissue in 16g/lit salinity in hour 12 (P<0.05). Size and number of gill chloride cells of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5g/lit increased significantly during the first 12 hours of exposure (P<0.05) and reached the maximum mean values in 12.5g/lit salinity 12 & 24 hours after exposure, respectively (P<0.05) and showed invisible changes up to the end of the test. Size and number of chloride cells of the juveniles increased after the first 12 hours of transferring into salinity of 16g/lit (P<0.05). Changes of the indices in juveniles weighting 1gin salinities of 0 up to 16g/lit was similar to juveniles of 0.2 & 0.5g kept in salinities of 0 up to 12.5gtlit and the maximum values was in 12 and 24 hours after exposure, respectively (P<0.05). Ions and osmolarity of body tissue and size and number of chloride cells increased significantly with increase of salinity and weight and water salinity and water concentration of body tissue decreased significantly with increase in water salinity and increased in fish weight (P<0.05). Juveniles weighting 0.2 up to 1g showed no mortality in salinities of 0 & 7g/lit during t- test. Mortality of the juveniles weighting 0.2, 0.5 and 1g/1it increased during the first 12 hours and became constant to the end of the test. Mortality of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinity of 16g/lit was similar to that of the juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinity of 12.5g/lit. Mortality of the juveniles increased significantly with increase of salinity and decreased with increase of weight (P<0.05)

Pion-proton scattering and isospin breaking in the Δ0−Δ++\Delta^0-\Delta^{++} system

We determine the mass and width of the $\Delta^{++}\ (\Delta^0)$ resonance from data on $\pi^+ p\ (\pi^- p)$ scattering both, in the pole of the $S$-matrix and conventional Breit-Wigner approaches to the scattering amplitude. We provide a simple formula that relates the two definitions for the parameters of the $\Delta$. Isospin symmetry breaking in the \d0-\dm system depends on the definition of the resonant properties: we find $M_0-M_{++} = 0.40 \pm 0.57\ {\rm MeV},\ \Gamma_0 -\Gamma_{++} = 6.89 \pm 0.95\ {\rm MeV}$ in the pole approach while $\wt{M}_0-\wt{M}_{++} = 2.25 \pm 0.68\ {\rm MeV},\ \wt{\Gamma}_0 - \wt{\Gamma}_{++} = 8.45 \pm 1.11\ {\rm MeV}$ in the conventional approach.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, two figures upon reques

Novel drug-target interactions via link prediction and network embedding

BACKGROUND: As many interactions between the chemical and genomic space remain undiscovered, computational methods able to identify potential drug-target interactions (DTIs) are employed to accelerate drug discovery and reduce the required cost. Predicting new DTIs can leverage drug repurposing by identifying new targets for approved drugs. However, developing an accurate computational framework that can efficiently incorporate chemical and genomic spaces remains extremely demanding. A key issue is that most DTI predictions suffer from the lack of experimentally validated negative interactions or limited availability of target 3D structures. RESULTS: We report DT2Vec, a pipeline for DTI prediction based on graph embedding and gradient boosted tree classification. It maps drug-drug and protein–protein similarity networks to low-dimensional features and the DTI prediction is formulated as binary classification based on a strategy of concatenating the drug and target embedding vectors as input features. DT2Vec was compared with three top-performing graph similarity-based algorithms on a standard benchmark dataset and achieved competitive results. In order to explore credible novel DTIs, the model was applied to data from the ChEMBL repository that contain experimentally validated positive and negative interactions which yield a strong predictive model. Then, the developed model was applied to all possible unknown DTIs to predict new interactions. The applicability of DT2Vec as an effective method for drug repurposing is discussed through case studies and evaluation of some novel DTI predictions is undertaken using molecular docking. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method was able to integrate and map chemical and genomic space into low-dimensional dense vectors and showed promising results in predicting novel DTIs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04650-w