POSTPARTUM ELEVATED Β-HYDROXYBUTYRATE AND NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS TOGETHER OR SEPARATELY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH PLASMA METABOLITES, BODY CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS

This study aimed to assess post-partum elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β hydroxybutyrate (BHB), considered either togetheror separately,relative to the estrus cyclicity and first service pregnancy status of cows and their association withbody condition scores and some metabolites.Blood samples from 50 Montbéliarde dairy cowswere collected from 15 to 52 DIMto measure serum  BHB, NEFA,glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT), calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium;and progesterone concentrations.Body condition score (BCS) was assessed at calving and at each time when blood samples were taken.Cows were considered as having post-partum elevated NEFA (H-NEFA) concentration if the concentration was≥0.70 mM and post-partum elevated BHB (H-BHB) concentration if the concentration was≥1.20 mM at 30 DIM. Overall, 93.33 % of cows having an elevated BHB show an elevated of NEFA and 51.61% of cows having an elevated NEFA have not an elevated BHB. Indeed, considering postpartum elevated NEFA as a predictor of sub-clinical ketotic cows can overrateresults. Whereas, considering postpartum elevated BHB as a predictor of cows with NEB can underestimate results. Excessive BCS at calving results in increasing the risk of post-partum elevated BHB. Cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and urea were increased in cows having elevated BHB and NEFA compared with those having elevated NEFA only or healthy cows. Further, the risk of estrus cyclicity and pregnancy rate at first insemination (P/AI) was decreased in cows having both elevated BHB and NEFA or NEFA only

Do Digital Technologies Influence the Relationship between the COVID-19 Crisis and SMEs’ Resilience in Developing Countries?

The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a medical emergency but also a business emergency that has created the need for organizations to be resilient and versatile in managing the impact of the pandemic on their business operations. At this time, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the most vulnerable to the economic disaster caused by the recent crisis, because these companies do not have the necessary resources to absorb losses. This research reviewed the impact of digital technologies on SMEs’ resilience during the pandemic, focusing on companies in developing countries. Based on the 96 SMEs surveyed across six developing countries, the study shows that digital technology has helped SMEs to survive the pandemic, assisting SMEs in becoming more robust and ensuring their survival. This research fills a significant research gap in the literature, highlighting the inherent challenges of SMEs in developing countries and their digital transformation strategies. This study also offers practical recommendations for SMEs, tech developers, and policymakers to invest more effort in putting new procedures in place to ensure the efficacy of digital technology

Big Data for Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development

The Big Data plays an essential factor in the wheel of Sustainable Development in the world’s economies so that the entrepreneur is an essential and important element in moving the wheel of economic growth for countries. Big Data has been receiving great attention in a variety of research and application fields as entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development over the last ten years. Many entrepreneurs in countries receive very large loans and this contributes to creating wealth and developing industrial and economic sectors for countries, but they are exposed to problems that hinder the development of their business, maybe legal legislation or financial and economic policies or may be due to their personality. Here we present some reflections and a collection in our book on the role of Big Data for this emerging entrepreneurship and sustainable development

Oral flora of stray dogs and cats in Algeria: Pasteurella and other zoonotic bacteria

Background and Aim: Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds. About 120.000 people are exposed to dog and cat bites every year in Algeria, but little is known about the dog and cat oral flora causing bite wound complications. The purpose of this study was to identify potential zoonotic bacteria from oral cavity of dogs and cats and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics to contribute to the treatment of bite wound infection. Materials and Methods: Oral swabs from 100 stray dogs and 100 stray cats were collected and cultured in several media: Chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using several commercial kits of the analytical profile index and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Results: Overall, 185/200 (92.5%) dogs and cats carried zoonotic bacteria in their mouths, of which 55.13% (102/185) had at least two bacterial pathogens. 374 pathogenic strains belonging to 15 genera were isolated: Eleven were Gram-negative (Proteus, Pasteurella, Escherichia, Moraxella, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Neisseria Haemophilus) and four were Gram-positive (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, Bacillus). Fifty-one strains of Pasteurella were isolated from 44 carriers of Pasteurella (21 Pasteurella multocida, 21 Pasteurella pneumotropica, and 9 Pasteurella spp.). Pasteurella strains were tested for antibiotic resistance. Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 8 (15.68%) of Pasteurella isolates and two strains (3.92%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (to two or more drugs). Erythromycin, penicillin, and ampicillin were the antimicrobials to which the isolates showed greater resistance (7.84%, 5.88%, and 3.92%, respectively). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Algeria to detect potential human pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It reveals that these animals have multiple zoonotic bacteria in their mouths including Pasteurella species, which may be multidrug-resistant

The impact of CSR performance on Efficiency of Investments using Machine Learning

International audienc

Comprendre et mettre en oeuvre le contrôle interne : réglementation, concepts et applications

National audienceLe contrôle interne est un outil d'aide à la prise de décision permettant à une organisation de réaliser de manière efficace et efficiente ses objectifs stratégiques et de maintenir, voire d'améliorer, sa performance. En ce sens, cet ouvrage démontre l'utilité de la mise en place d'un système de contrôle interne et explique les pratiques de gestion des risques au sein de l'entreprise. Il détaille ensuite les principales procédures et techniques de contrôle interne et fournit les méthodes pour évaluer la qualité du système. Proposant une lecture critique du cadre actuel du contrôle interne, il traite aussi des défis futurs, notamment en ce qui concerne la digitalisation des activités et l'émergence de certaines menaces liées à l'instabilité et à l'imprévisibilité de l'environnement

The impact of CSR performance on Efficiency of Investments using Machine Learning

International audienc

Big Data for Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development

International audienc

Elevated non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cows and their association with reproductive performance and disorders: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis including 36 different results of statistic models from 14 papers was conducted. It evaluated the association between elevated non-esterified fatty acids and/or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on the reproduction outcomes that were pregnancy at first insemination, estrous cyclicity, time to pregnancy, metritis and placental retention. Each association between BHB or NEFA and an outcome reported in literature was a model considered as raw-data for the meta-regression. For each outcome, the meta-regression adjusted the odds ratio, relative risk or hazard ratio with various moderators to reduce the heterogeneity among the studies. The relative risk for metritis and placental retention in case of high BHB or NEFA was in accordance to previous meta-regression and was 1.91 (IC95 = 1.72 to 2.12) and 1.51 (95%CI = 1.19 to 1.92), respectively. The relative risk for pregnancy at first insemination in case of high BHB was assessed to be 0,62 (95%CI = 0,41 to 0,93). The hazard ratio for time to pregnancy in case of high BHB and NEFA was 0.77 (95%CI = 0.61 to 0.97). The present meta-analysis failed to clearly conclude on the association between estrus cyclicity and high BHB or NEFA. The present work allowed a new overview on the association between hyperketonemia and reproductive performance and disorders. It updated the previous meta-regression and included new outcomes. It highlighted the urgent need of further intensive epidemiologic studies on this topic