Effects of Intraperitoneal Thymoquinone on Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Styrelsen och revisorn i ett aktiebolag har ett parallellt ansvar som främst aktualiseras vid skadeståndstalan när båda bolagsorganen på något sätt varit inblandade. ABL uppställer en ansvarsfördelning som anger att styrelsen är ansvarig för bolagets organisation och förvaltning. Styrelsen har även till uppgift att se till bolagets ekonomiska förhållande och det ska ske fortlöpande. Styrelsens ansvarsområden framgår av 8 kap 4 § ABL. Revisorn däremot, som är ett oberoende organ i förhållande till bolaget, deltar inte i bolagets förvaltning. Istället ska revisorn utgöra ett kontrollerande organ som ska granska det arbete som styrelsen utför. Granskningen ska enligt 9 kap 3 § ABL ske av årsredovisningen, bokföringen och styrelsens och VD:ns förvaltning. Bolagsorganen ansvarar således för olika saker. Styrelseledamöterna, VD:n och revisorn bär ett skadeståndsansvar enligt 29 kap 1–2 §§ ABL. Skadeståndsansvaret innebär att bolagsorganen ansvarar för skador som de orsakat av oaktsamhet vid utförandet av sina uppdrag. Det ska även föreligga ett orsakssamband mellan den oaktsamma handlingen och skadan som uppstått. I de fall som det finns fel i årsredovisningen, vilket kan vara en följd av en icke korrekt bokföring, aktualiseras frågan vem som ska bära ansvaret för den uppkomna skadan. Enligt ABL är det styrelsen som ansvarar för bokföringen och således är ansvarig för att bokföringen sköts på ett korrekt sätt. Det skulle därför vara nära till hands att bedöma att styrelsen är ansvarig för den skada som uppstått. Rent generellt sett kan det sägas att styrelsen bär ett ansvar för skadan, eftersom styrelsen brustit i den ekonomiska förvaltningen. Men i flera fall har en skadeståndstalan väckts mot revisorn. Frågan blir då om revisorn i vissa fall kan bli ansvarig för fel som orsakats av styrelsens förvaltning med avseende på ekonomin. Revisorn är inte ansvarig för att bokföringen sköts på ett korrekt sätt. Det är inte revisorn som ska se till att det finns ett bra bokföringssystem och tillsynssystem som kontrollerar att bokföringen sköts korrekt, men revisorn utgör, som tidigare nämnts, ett granskande bolagsorgan. Det åligger således revisorn att kontrollera de uppgifter som finns i bokföringen. Revisorn är ansvarig för skador som kunnat uppstå på grund av att han/hon inte har fullgjort sitt uppdrag på ett korrekt sätt. Det innebär att även om det inte är revisorn som är ansvarig för skadan, som styrelsen ursprungligen orsakat, kan revisorn ändå bli skadeståndsansvarig på grund av att han/hon inte utfört sitt granskningsuppdrag korrekt. Det medför att både revisorn och styrelsen kan bli skadeståndsansvariga för samma skada men på olika grunder, eftersom de har olika uppdrag i grunden. Vid domstol har dock flertalet parter endast väckt skadeståndstalan mot revisorn. I de fall som revisorn har dömts till ansvar och att betala skadestånd tycks domstolarna ha gjort en ansvarsförskjutning från styrelsen mot revisorn. Det har medfört att revisorn har fått svara för sådant som enligt lagen är styrelsens ansvar

Stabilization of a highly expansive soil using waste-tire-derived aggregates and lime treatment

This study investigates the combined efficacy of waste-tire-derived aggregate (TDA) materials and hydrated lime on the compactability, compressive strength and swelling potential of a highly expansive soil from South Australia. A total of 21 mix-designs, covering a comprehensive range of soil–TDA–lime combinations, were examined through standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and oedometer swell tests. The mobilized UCS exhibited a ‘rise–fall’ behavior, peaking at 5% TDA content and subsequently decreasing (monotonically) for higher inclusions of TDA. Increasing the TDA mean particle size (from 1.67 to 3.34 mm) also contributed positively to the UCS development. Addition of TDA to the soil/soil–lime-blends produced notable reductions in the swelling potential; the reduction was primarily governed by higher TDA contents, and, to a lesser degree, for larger TDA mean particle sizes. However, the role of TDA particle size in reducing swelling was found to be more significant than that of enhancing the UCS. As expected, lime treatment of the soil–TDA blends provided major further improvements to the UCS and swelling potential reduction; the achieved UCS improvements being positively proportional to the lime content and curing time. In view of the experimental results, soil–lime blends containing TDA to soil–lime mass ratios of up to 10% (preferably employing coarse-sand-sized equivalent TDA) can be deemed as suitable choices (capable of adequately mitigating the swelling potential, while simultaneously enhancing the UCS). © 2022 The Author

Comparative Study of Prophylactic Antibiotic Twice a Week Versus Every Night in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common childhood diseases. The results of studies investigating discontinuation or continuation of antibiotics in children with recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary reflux are controversial. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare prophylactic antibiotic treatment twice a week versus every night in the recurrence of urinary tract infections in children. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted using non-random simple sampling. Group A was given a single daily dose of cephalexin 10 mg/kg and group B was given cotrimoxazole at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Both groups were followed for ten months. Recurrences of urinary tract infections were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the participants was 3.53±2.04 years. Most of the subjects were female (n=37, 61.7%). Urinary reflux was unilateral in 65% of the cases (n=39) and bilateral in the rest. There was no significant difference in age distribution, sex, and type of reflux between groups A and B. The frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection was 8.3% in group A and 6.7% in group B indicating no significant difference (p = 0.500). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the frequency of recurrence of urinary tract infections in children who received prophylactic antibiotic treatment twice a week was not significantly different compared to the group of children who received continuous antibiotic prophylaxis

Biological hydrogen production from synthetic wastewater by an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor: Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling

Background: This study aimed to evaluate an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) for biological hydrogen production, and also to investigate its capability to treat synthetic wastewater. Methods: A five-compartment AMBR (9 L effective volume) was made by Plexiglas and seeded with thermal pretreated anaerobic sludge at 100°C for 30 minutes. The AMBR was operated at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1°C) with continuous fed of synthetic wastewater at five organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d. Results: It was revealed that as the OLR increased from 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d, the hydrogen production and also volumetric hydrogen production rate (VHPR) improved. Increasing the OLR over this range, led to a decrease in the average hydrogen yield from 1.58 ± 0.34 to 0.97 ± 0.45 mol H2/mol glucose. The concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and solvents kept increasing with OLR. During the AMBR operation, the dominant soluble end products (SEPs) were acetic and butyric acids in all of the OLRs studied. Conclusion: Based on the results, the hydrogen yield was related to the acetate/butyrate fermentation. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was well-fitted to the experimental obtained data from the AMBR, and was able to simulate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and hydrogen production. Keywords: AMB reactor, Fatty acids, Fermentation, Hydrogen, Wastewater treatmen

Corneal biomechanical properties distribution in myopic population

AIM: To evaluate distribution of corneal biomechanical measurements in normal myopia and myopic-astigmatism population.<p>METHODS:One hundred and eighty eyes with myopia and myopic-astigmatism candidated for laser refractive surgery were included in this study. Complete examination of anterior and posterior segments, manifest refraction spherical equivalent(MRSE), Orbscan and Zywave were performed preoperatively. Ocular response analyzer(ORA)was used to measure corneal hysteresis(CH), corneal resistance factor(CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure(IOPg)and corneal compensated IOP(IOPcc). Distribution of all corneal biomechanical properties and correlation between these parameters and MRSE, age and sex were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 software and a <i>P</i>-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant. <p>RESULTS: Mean age was 28.20±6.78 years. Mean MRSE was -4.21±1.19D. Mean CH, CRF, IOPg and IOPcc was 10.00±1.28mmHg, 10.17±1.45mmHg, 15.71±2.67mmHg and 16.68±2.41mmHg respectively. 28.4% of all myopic population had CH about 10mmHg, and 71% had CH, 9mmHg up to 11mmHg. CRF in 25.9% of myopic population was 10mmHg, and in 48.7% was 9mmHg up to 11mmHg. There was very poor positive correlation between MRSE& CH(Rs=0.001, <i>P</i>=0.71)and MRSE& CRF(Rs=0.01, <i>P</i>=0.18).<p>CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the distribution of corneal biomechanical properties(CH, CRF, IOPg, IOPcc)in normal myopia and myopic-astigmatism population in Iran, and confirmed that, there was no statistically significant correlation between CH, CRF and MRSE, age and sex but there was significant correlation between IOPg, IOPcc and formerly mentioned parameters

Improving workability of cement paste backfill using new binders

In this study effects of binder type and content and curing time on the compressive strength development of cement paste backfill (CPB) is investigated. Moreover, the effects of binder type and content and water content on the rheological properties of CPB material were studied. To undertake an experimental study, tailings of a copper mine in South Australia are mixed with binder and water. A new slag-cement called Mine Cement (MC) and ordinary Portland cement (PC) are used as the primary binder materials. Furthermore, fly ash (FA) is used as an additive to reduce the amount of the cement. Some CPB samples were cured under pressure to be more representative of the field conditions. MC exhibited better performance that PC regarding compressive strength development. Fly ash improved the compressive strength of CPB. However, this binder observed to be much less cementitious compare to MC. Strength performance of the CPB sample significantly improved when there were cured under pressure. Based on the results obtained from the test undertaken using a rheometer, it was found that increasing the water content results in lower yield stress. The results also show that MC improves the rheological properties of the CPB

Improved shear strength performance of compacted rubberized clays treated with sodium alginate biopolymer

This study examines the potential use of sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer as an environmentally sustainable agent for the stabilization of rubberized soil blends prepared using a high plasticity clay soil and tire-derived ground rubber (GR). The experimental program consisted of uniaxial compression and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests; the former was performed on three soil–GR blends (with GR-to-soil mass ratios of 0%, 5% and 10%) compacted (and cured for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d) employing distilled water and three SA solutions—prepared at SA-to-water (mass-tovolume) dosage ratios of 5, 10 and 15 g/L—as the compaction liquid. For any given GR content, the greater the SA dosage and/or the longer the curing duration, the higher the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), with only minor added benefits beyond seven days of curing. This behaviour was attributed to the formation and propagation of so-called “cationic bridges” (developed as a result of a “Ca2+/Mg2

A new transformation for embedded convolutional neural network approach toward real-time servo motor overload fault-detection

Overloading in DC servo motors is a major concern in industries, as many companies face the problem of finding expert operators, and also human monitoring may not be an effective solution. Therefore, this paper proposed an embedded Artificial intelligence (AI) approach using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using a new transformation to extract faults from real-time input signals without human interference. Our main purpose is to extract as many as possible features from the input signal to achieve a relaxed dataset that results in an effective but compact network to provide real-time fault detection even in a low-memory microcontroller. Besides, fault detection method a synchronous dual-motor system is also proposed to take action in faulty events. To fulfill this intention, a one-dimensional input signal from the output current of each DC servo motor is monitored and transformed into a 3d stack of data and then the CNN is implemented into the processor to detect any fault corresponding to overloading, finally experimental setup results in 99.9997% accuracy during testing for a model with nearly 8000 parameters. In addition, the proposed dual-motor system could achieve overload reduction and provide a fault-tolerant system and it is shown that this system also takes advantage of less energy consumption

Efficiency of Clinical Laboratories Affiliated Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015: an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

Background: Nowadays, healthcare systems are considered as important service sectors, and they are social development and welfare standards; hence the performance of this sector is highly important. Evaluating performance is the first step of various departments to determine the efficiency of the healthcare system. In the meantime, diagnostic laboratories of hospitals play important roles as specialized and technical units with a cost nature. So, far, the effectiveness of diagnostic laboratories has not been assessed in Iran, therefore, in this study, for the first time in Iran, the technical efficiency of laboratories covered by the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) was assessed in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess 10 selected laboratories from diagnostic laboratories in hospitals affiliated with SUMS. In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA), one of the most widely utilized methods, was used in determining performance. Results: Among the 10 examined laboratories affiliated by SUMS, 4 (40%) laboratories had increasing yield to the scale, and 6 (60%) laboratories had technical, managerial, and scale efficiency equal to one. Mean±SD of technical efficiency, managerial efficiency, and scale efficiency of examined laboratories were 92.4±16, 95.9±9, and 95.5±10, respectively. Conclusions: Studying the efficiency of the diagnostic laboratories affiliated with SUMS using DEA showed that most laboratories had a high level efficiency

Efficiency of Clinical Laboratories Affiliated Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015: an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

Background: Nowadays, healthcare systems are considered as important service sectors, and they are social development and welfare standards; hence the performance of this sector is highly important. Evaluating performance is the first step of various departments to determine the efficiency of the healthcare system. In the meantime, diagnostic laboratories of hospitals play important roles as specialized and technical units with a cost nature. So, far, the effectiveness of diagnostic laboratories has not been assessed in Iran, therefore, in this study, for the first time in Iran, the technical efficiency of laboratories covered by the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) was assessed in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess 10 selected laboratories from diagnostic laboratories in hospitals affiliated with SUMS. In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA), one of the most widely utilized methods, was used in determining performance. Results: Among the 10 examined laboratories affiliated by SUMS, 4 (40%) laboratories had increasing yield to the scale, and 6 (60%) laboratories had technical, managerial, and scale efficiency equal to one. Mean±SD of technical efficiency, managerial efficiency, and scale efficiency of examined laboratories were 92.4±16, 95.9±9, and 95.5±10, respectively. Conclusions: Studying the efficiency of the diagnostic laboratories affiliated with SUMS using DEA showed that most laboratories had a high level efficiency