SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA ASETAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOPLASTIK

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from cellulose of empty fruit bunches (EFB) have been carried out using the Celanese method, namely glacial acetic acid as swelling agent and acetic anhydride as acetylating agent. The research was carried out through the preparation of raw materials, cellulose extraction and synthesis of cellulose acetate from -cellulose of empty fruit bunches. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in solvent concentration on yield, acetyl content, degree of substitution and moisture content of cellulose acetate and to obtain the characteristics of cellulose that are suitable for application as raw material for making bioplastics. The concentration variations of the solvent used were (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) % wt/v, with -cellulose ratio: glacial acetate (1:10), -cellulose ratio : acetic anhydride (1:5), acetylation time 1.5 hours, acetylation temperature 40°C and stirring speed 200 Rpm. The results showed that the cellulose acetate obtained from the synthesis has characteristics such as cellulose monoacetate and cellulose diacetate with solid form in the form of a powder, white in color and odorless. The best characteristic of cellulose acetate has a yield product of 75%, acetyl content of 36.927%, degree of substitution (DS) 2.22, and water content of 5.75%.Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from cellulose of empty fruit bunches (EFB) have been carried out using the Celanese method, namely glacial acetic acid as swelling agent and acetic anhydride as acetylating agent. The research was carried out through the preparation of raw materials, cellulose extraction and synthesis of cellulose acetate from a-cellulose of empty fruit bunches. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in solvent concentration on yield, acetyl content, degree of substitution and moisture content of cellulose acetate and to obtain the characteristics of cellulose that are suitable for application as raw material for making bioplastics. The concentration variations of the solvent used were (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) % wt/v, with a-cellulose ratio: glacial acetate (1:10), a-cellulose ratio : acetic anhydride (1:5), acetylation time 1.5 hours, acetylation temperature 40°C and stirring speed 200 Rpm. The results showed that the cellulose acetate obtained from the synthesis has characteristics such as cellulose monoacetate and cellulose diacetate with solid form in the form of a powder, white in color and odorless. The best characteristic of cellulose acetate has a yield product of 75%, acetyl content of 36.927%, degree of substitution (DS) 2.22, and water content of 5.75%

MODEL PERANGKAT KERAS UNTUK TINDAKAN AWAL PECEGAHAN BAHAYA KEBAKARAN YANG BEKERJA BERDASARKAN RESPON TEMPERATUR

Tujuan jangka panjang dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensosialisasikan sistem pencegahan bahaya kebakaran yang bersifat preventif serta mandiri, diperuntukkan bagi rumah padat penduduk yang sulit dijangkau oleh mobil PBK (Pembasmi Bahaya Kebakaran. Sistem dapat bekerja secara otomatis tanpa bantuan operator dan akan tetap bekerja walaupun jaringan listrik putus. Target khusus yang hendak dicapai adalah membuat model perangkat keras sistem pemadam kebakaran yang bekerja berdasarkan kenaikan temperatur udara. Prinsip kerja dari model dimulai dari pembacaan data kenaikan temperatur udara yang  disebabkan oleh  adanya  sumber  api. Pembacaan  data  dilakukan  oleh sensor temperatur. Dalam penelitian ini, sensor temperatur yang akan diujicobakan ada dua jenis, masing-msaing jenis thermoelectric dan jenis thermomekanics. Oleh transformer, data temperatur diubah menjadi tegangan listrik yang akan menggerakkan katup salenoid dan pompa. Ketika kedua komponen tersebut bekerja maka air akan keluar dari sprayer sehinggga dapat memadamkan  api. Suplai  listrik  untuk  menggerakkan  instrumen  dan  sistem kendali berasal dari baterai sedemikian rupa hingga  jika terjadi kebakaran dan listrik dari PLN terputus, model akan tetap bekerja efektif.   Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah Kaji Eksperimental yang didukung oleh data-data otentik yang berkaitan dengan mekanisme pemadaman api. Kegiatan dimulai dengan membuat rancang bangun model pemadam kebakaran, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian untuk mengetahui kinerja model. Hasil pengujian kinerja prototipe menunjukan kehandalan dari mesin yang dibuat, dengan melibatkan dua jenis sensor yang masing-masing memiliki kelebiah dan kekurangannya. Berdasarkan perhitungan statistik untuk kedua jenis sensor menghasilkan nilai optimum yaitu: a. Sensor Thermoelektrik, Setpoint pada nilai 500C, dengan respon pemadaman 167 detik dan durasi pemadaman selam 132 detik. Kondisi komponen mesin dan instalasi baik, b. Sensor Thermomechanics pada nilai 400C, dengan respon pemadaman 45 detik dan durasi pemadaman selam 152 detik. Kondisi komponen mesin dan instalasi baik

PENGOLAHAN JAMUR TIRAM MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PENGGORENG VAKUM (VACUUM FRYING)

Jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) adalah jamur yang memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi serta kandungan Omega 3 yang seimang, sehinggga sngat baik untuk dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak yang sedang dalam tahap pertumbuhan otakp. Artikel ini dibuat sebagai salah satu luaran Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dalam bentuk Iptek Bagi Masyarakat (IbM) sebagian besar telah selesai dilaksanakan. Secara umum kegiatan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, antara lain:- Pengadaan Mesin Penggorengan pada tekanan rendah (Vacuum Frying), yang berfungsi untuk menggoreng Jamur Tiram pada suhu rendah.- Melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan kepada UKM mitra. Materi kegiatan meliputi:  Pengoperasian mesin dengan benar, Perawatan serta perbaikan mesin- Membuat laporan kegiatan, terdiri dari Laporan Kemajuan, Laporan Akhir Kegiatan serta Desiminasi.Hasil pengujian mesin yang telah dilaksnakan di UKM mitra, pada proses penggorengan Jamur Tiram dengan tekanan vakum diset sekitar angka – 70cmHg, pada 3 variasi suhu antara lain adalah:- Pada temperature penggorengan 700C durasi penggorengan optimum 70 menit kondisi jamur renyah dan kering- Pada temperature penggorengan 800C durasi penggorengan optimum 60 menit kondisi jamur renyah dan kering- Pada temperature penggorengan 900C durasi penggorengan optimum 50 menit kondisi jamur renyah dan kering.

PEMANFAATAN KEPALA IKAN GABUS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KEMPLANG

Only the meat is taken from the body of the cork, while the head, skin and middle bones are thrown away. The big snakehead fish head is usually cooked for Palembang's special cuisine namely pindang, yet the head of small one is thrown away. To increase the added value of snakehead fish, fish head is made into kemplang. It is intended that with the knowledge of making kemplang from fish head, the community can make it themselves to improve family health and the price will be cheaper. Besides, it can also be developed as a business. As known that the excellent nutritional content of kemplang, namely high calcium whose function to accelerate growth of nerve cell, so that if it’s processed into a food product in this case is kemplang, it can produce food products in the form of kemplang whose high nutrients. Technology transfer is carried out in stages by providing counseling about making kemplang to cadres / community groups (target audiences) who are capable and interested in 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur III District, Palembang City. The result of community service in 8 Ilir Village, Ilir Timur III District, Palembang City shows that fish head can be used as raw material for making kemplang. The community is highly enthusiastic in training to make kemplang so that they can make it themselves or in groups and the new entrepreneurs can emerge

PEMBUATAN BRIKET SEKAM PADI (ORYZA SATIVA L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI KAYU BAKAR

Rice (Latin: Oryza Sativa L.) is a plant that is so abundant in Indonesia. Rice, which produces rice, is the main product of farmers in an agrarian country like Indonesia. In addition to producing rice, rice husk waste is also obtained. Rice husks can be used as bio briquettes for alternative fuels, reducing dependence on the use of fossil fuels for sustainable use and reducing the impact of carbon emissions. One of the innovations made is to use rice husk as the main ingredient to make bio briquettes and answer good and environmentally friendly alternative energy. There are several steps in making bio briquettes from rice husks, including, processing rice husks into charcoal, and making fabricators with variations of 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1, and 1:1.25. Mixing rice husk charcoal with adhesive, and bio-briquette molding process. The results of this study will be analyzed by the Proximate Test starting from the Moisture Content, Ash Content, Volatile Matter, and Fixed Carbon in order to obtain Bio briquettes that achieve the quality

Production Of Biomethane From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) With Fed Batch System In Beam-Shaped Digester

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the biggest liquid waste which is produced from palm oil production. POME are containing organic matter, high levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 28000 mg/L and 48000 mg/L. To reduce the levels of pollution caused by POME, is necessary to do stages of processing using a biological process that involves aerobic and anaerobic bacteria so that it can be utilized as a new product that has economic value, one is biogas. The processing into biogas in anaerobic performed by fed batch system. In the ratio between POME and activated microorganismes are 70:30%. The process of anaerobic fermentation in fed batch is done by time variation of the addition of the substrate. The mixture of POME and activated microorganismes were fermented for a month and then after one month substrates were added gradually as much as 1 liter into the digester with a variety of additional time are 1, 2, and 5 days. The interval of addition of the substrate give effect to the pH and the quantity of biogas produced. The highest increasing of the quantity of biomethane was 25.14 mol% at the time the addition of substrate every fifth day

THE DIGESTER MODIFICATION FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT BY BATCH SYSTEM

The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum production of biogas produced from the tuncated pyramid-shaped modification digester equipment on sedimentation tank and shaped beams on the tank fermentation batch. Pyramid-shaped sedimentation tank aiming for optimal deposition process, While the fermentation tank with beam-shaped used to produce biogas that is optimal. The raw material used is Palm Oil Mill Effluent. In the early stages of process is carried out the sedimentation in the first digester tank at a flow rate of 6 liters/minute and then observing the time stayed for 24 hours. POME flowed into the second digester tank to run into fermentation process by adding active microbial seed to produce biogas. After fermentation is complete, streamed to third digester tank to experience water treatment stage before being released into the environment. COD content test value obtained after the processing of 100 mg/l, while the BOD value is 30.9 mg/l. The percentage of methane gas obtained from starter concentration of 30%, ie 9.82% mol for fermentation time of 10 days, while the fermentation period of 20 days is 15.8 mol%. The production of methane gas obtained for the optimum fermentation period of 30 days ie 33.19% mol. For days 31 through 40, the production of biogas run into highs and caused due to the substrate in the digester began to run out and most of the substrate has not been fermented

THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT AS SUBSTRATE WITH VARIATION OF AGITATION SPEED WITH FED-BATCH SYSTEM

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of variation of agitation speed on biogas production from palm oil mill effluent and cow dung as substrate by using modified digester fed-batch. The addition of agitation in the fermentation tank digester in this research to accelerate the contact between the microorganisms with the substrate so that the process runs more effectively. Thus biogas production with variations of agitation velocity have 90 and 102 rpm. The research is conducted by fed-batch that is the addition of substrate in fermentation tank as much as 1 liter for 2 days which aim to get optimum biogas production result. The results of this research indicate that the speed of agitation affects for biogas production. The optimum biogas production occurred at 102 rpm agitation speed after 30 days fermentation time was 26.5116% mol CH4

Analisa Vaccum Forming Cetakan Dari Bioplastik Pektin Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca Formatypica)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi bioplastik yang terbuat dari pektin kulit pisang kepok jika dicetak menjadi suatu kemasan dengan variasi temperatur dan waktu pemanasan pada proses pencetakan lembaran bioplastik dengan menggunakan alat vaccum forming. Suhu pemanasan yang digunakan bervariasi dari 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90oC dengan lama pemanasan 5 dan 10 menit. Prinsip kerja alat vaccum forming yaitu pemanasan yang dilanjutkan dengan pembentukan menggunakan gaya hisap dari alat vaccum yang mengambil udara yang terjebak diantara mold dan bioplastik. Pada penelitian ini bioplastik yang digunakan berasal dari pektin kulit pisang kepok dan pektin kulit pisang kepok yang ditambah kasein susu.  Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil cetakan terbaik untuk bioplastik dengan suhu pemanasan 80oC, dengan lama pemanasan selama 10 menit yaitu dengan waktu kembali 8 menit untuk bioplastik pektin kulit pisang kepok dan suhu 90oC dengan lama pemanasan 5 menit untuk bioplastik pektin kulit pisang-kasein