Estrutura da prática da Terapia Ocupacional: domínio & processo - 3ª ed. traduzida

A Estrutura da Prática da Terapia Ocupacional: Domínio e Processo, 3ª Edição (aqui sendo referida como “a Estrutura”), é o documento oficial da Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional (AOTA). Destinado aos profissionais da terapia ocupacional e a estudantes, outros profissionais da saúde, educadores, pesquisadores, compradores e a consumidores, a Estrutura apresenta um resumo dos construtos inter-relacionados que descrevem a prática da terapia ocupacional. [Traduzido para o português por Alessandra Cavalcanti - UFTM, Fabiana Caetano Martins Silva e Dutra - UFTM e Valéria Meirelles Carril Elui - FMRP-USP; autorizada para publicação em português, acesso aberto na Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo. 2015;26(ed. esp.):1-49]

Perceived stress in occupational therapy students

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived stress of entry‐level master\u27s occupational therapy (OT) students enrolled at a Texas university. A total of 29 students including nine men and 20 women participated in the study. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. The participants were interviewed during the end of the first and second year of the entry‐level master\u27s programme in OT. Questionnaires, given at the same time, contained demographic data, open‐end questions and force choice questions rated on a Likert scale. The results indicated that the majority of students (66.4%) rated their current level of stress as above average or the highest in their lives. The students expressed feelings of being overwhelmed, confused regarding course expectations and wanted more hands‐on experience. When responding to how they managed stress, more than half of the students in the study took an active approach by utilizing exercise. Limitations of the study include using a non‐standardized questionnaire, a small number of participants, and that the participants did not represent diversity and were for the most part Hispanic. It is recommended that future research address the cultural and generational issues that may affect perceptions of stress and how students cope with stress

Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay

Background: Meares Irlen Syndrome (MIS), otherwise known as “visual stress”, is one condition that can cause difficulties with reading. Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of two coloured-filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. Methods: The study design was a pre-test, post-test, randomized head-to-head comparison of two filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in school children. A total of 68 UK mainstream schoolchildren with significant impairment in reading ability completed the study. Results: The filter systems appeared to have a large effect on the reported symptoms between pre and post three-month time points (d = 2.5, r = 0.78). Both filter types appeared to have large effects (Harris d = 1.79, r = 0.69 and DRT d = 3.22, r = 0.85). Importantly, 35% of participants’ reported that their symptoms had resolved completely; 72% of the 68 children appeared to gain improvements in three or more visual stress symptoms. Conclusion and significance: The reduction in symptoms, which appeared to be brought about by the use of coloured filters, eased the visual discomfort experienced by these children when reading. This type of intervention therefore has the potential to facilitate occupational engagement

Occupational therapists' perceptions of psychosocial strategies for clients with Parkinson's disease

Psychological strategies are a promising adjunct to pharmacological treatment for symptoms, including depression and anxiety associated with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated perceptions and reported behaviors of occupational therapists regarding the use of psychosocial strategies during their practice with clients with Parkinson's disease. The results of a cross-sectional online survey (n = 115 occupational therapists) demonstrated that the majority of participants (83%) reported using psychosocial strategies with their clients living with Parkinson's disease, with goal setting the most frequent. Almost all occupational therapists (99.1%) reported that it was moderately to extremely important to have knowledge about psychosocial strategies for practice with clients living with Parkinson's disease, and 96.5% rated it important to be able to offer these strategies in practice with their clients living with Parkinson's disease. The majority (91.3%) felt incorporating psychosocial strategies into their practice was moderately to extremely beneficial, and 93.9% reported that psychosocial strategies have a moderate-to-extremely positive effect on Parkinson's disease management outcomes. These findings have important implications for the education and training of occupational therapists working with clients living with Parkinson's disease to help ensure the best possible outcomes for people with Parkinson's disease

Walking to School: Incidental Physical Activity in the Daily Occupations of Australian Children

Children's participation in physical activity is declining, and nowhere is this more apparent than in the incidental activity of walking to school_ The aim of this pilot study was to examine the extent to which Australian children walked to and from primary school, and to survey parents to identify factors influencing this behaviour. Parents of 164 students in Grades I-7 (mean age 9.1 +/- 2.02 years) from a primary school comprising 360 students responded to a questionnaire regarding psychosocial and environmental factors thought to influence the means by which their children went to and from school. Results indicated that parent perception of the importance of physical activity, parents' individual history of transport to school as well as distance from school were the most statistically significant factors determining children's involvement in walking to and from school. The results of this study highlight the attitudes and experiences of parents in determining the extent to which children are involved in non-motorized access to school. Also implicated are organizational policies about geographical school regions. While this study is limited to one school community, further study is recommended with others to better confirm findings by examining socioeconomic, geographic and policy variables. Occupational therapists are challenged to examine ways in which incidental physical activity can be increased in the lives of young children

Development of the Occupational Therapy Stroke Arm and Hand Record: An Upper Limb Treatment Schedule

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive occupational therapy treatment schedule of upper limb interventions for stroke survivors with reduced upper limb function. Method: In a three-phased qualitative consensus study, 12 occupational therapists from acute and community settings in North West England contributed to interviews and subsequently group discussions to design and pilot a treatment schedule. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis; the themes were used to develop a framework for the schedule that was supported by and reflected the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. A draft schedule was the subject of a focus group and the resultant schedule was piloted in clinical practice by eight local occupational therapists working in neurological rehabilitation. Findings: Consensus was reached on three themes summarizing aspects of function: interventions that address preparation for activity, functional skills (that is, an aspect of function), and function. Three additional themes summarized other aspects of therapy: advice and education, practice outside therapy sessions, and psychosocial interventions. These themes became the main headings of the treatment schedule. The Occupational Therapy Stroke Arm and Hand Record treatment schedule was piloted and found to be comprehensive and potentially beneficial to clinical practice. Conclusion: The Occupational Therapy Stroke Arm and Hand Record treatment schedule provides a tool for use in stroke research and clinical practice

Feasibility and effects of preventive home visits for at-risk older people: Design of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background The search for preventive methods to mitigate functional decline and unwanted relocation by older adults living in the community is important. Preventive home visit (PHV) models use infrequent but regular visits to older adults by trained practitioners with the goal of maintaining function and quality of life. Evidence about PHV efficacy is mixed but generally supportive. Yet interventions have rarely combined a comprehensive (biopsychosocial) occupational therapy intervention protocol with a home visit to older adults. There is a particular need in the USA to create and examine such a protocol. Methods/Design The study is a single-blind randomized controlled pilot trial designed to assess the feasibility, and to obtain preliminary efficacy estimates, of an intervention consisting of preventive home visits to community-dwelling older adults. An occupational therapy-based preventive home visit (PHV) intervention was developed and is being implemented and evaluated using a repeated measures design. We recruited a sample of 110 from a population of older adults (75+) who were screened and found to be at-risk for functional decline. Participants are currently living in the community (not in assisted living or a skilled nursing facility) in one of three central North Carolina counties. After consent, participants were randomly assigned into experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group receives the intervention 4 times over a 12 month follow-up period while the comparison group receives a minimal intervention of mailed printed materials. Pre- and post-intervention measures are being gathered by questionnaires administered face-to-face by a treatment-blinded research associate. Key outcome measures include functional ability, participation, life satisfaction, self-rated health, and depression. Additional information is collected from participants in the experimental group during the intervention to assess the feasibility of the intervention and potential modifiers. Fidelity is being addressed and measured across several domains. Discussion Feasibility indications to date are positive. Although the protocol has some limitations, we expect to learn enough about the intervention, delivery and effects to support a larger trial with a more stringent design and enhanced statistical power. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT0098528