1,992 research outputs found
The physics and kinematics of the evolved, interacting planetary nebula PN G342.0-01.7
Here we aim to study the physical and kinematical characteristics of the
unstudied old planetary nebula (PN) PN G342.0-01.7, which shows evidence of
interaction with its surrounding interstellar medium. We used Integral Field
Spectra from the Wide Field Spectrograph on the ANU 2.3 m telescope to provide
spectroscopy across the whole object covering the spectral range 3400-7000
{\AA}. We formed narrow-band images to investigate the excitation structure.
The spectral analysis shows that the object is a distant Peimbert Type I PN of
low excitation, formally of excitation class of 0.5. The low electron density,
high dynamical age, and low surface brightness of the object confirm that it is
observed fairly late in its evolution. It shows clear evidence for dredge-up of
CN-processed material characteristic of its class. In addition, the low
peculiar velocity of 7 km s shows it to be a member of the young disk
component of our Galaxy. We built a self-consistent photoionisation model for
the PNe matching the observed spectrum, the H luminosity, and the
diameter. On the basis of this we derive an effective temperature and luminosity . The temperature is much
higher than might have been expected using the excitation class, proving that
this can be misleading in classifying evolved PNe. PN G342.0-01.7 is in
interaction with its surrounding interstellar medium through which the object
is moving in the south-west direction. This interaction drives a slow shock
into the outer PN ejecta. A shock model suggests that it only accounts for
about 10\% of the total luminosity, but has an important effect on the global
spectrum of the PN.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, A&A accepted 201
Effect of Rosemary and Sweet Marjoram on three Predacious Mites of the Family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
The direct toxicity of two essential oils, Majorana hortensis, Moench and Rosmarinus officinalis L. to adult females of the predacious mites, Amblyseius zaheri Yousef and El-Borolossy, Amblyseius barkeri (Hughes) and Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski were tested. Rosemary oil was the most toxic to females of A. barkeri and the least to A. zaheri. In contrast,sweet marjoram oil was relatively toxic to T. athiasae and slightly toxic to A. barkeri. Both essential oils,decreased the food consumption rate at the concentration used for A.barkeri and A. zaheri. Females of A. barkeri and A. zaheri suffered a depression in reproduction when treated with 1% of rosemary oil.Both material used seems to be harmless to T. athiasae at 1%
Activity Dependent Branching Ratios in Stocks, Solar X-ray Flux, and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile Model
We define an activity dependent branching ratio that allows comparison of
different time series . The branching ratio is defined as . The random variable is the value of the next signal given
that the previous one is equal to , so . If
, the process is on average supercritical when the signal is equal to
, while if , it is subcritical. For stock prices we find
within statistical uncertainty, for all , consistent with an ``efficient
market hypothesis''. For stock volumes, solar X-ray flux intensities, and the
Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model, is supercritical for small
values of activity and subcritical for the largest ones, indicating a tendency
to return to a typical value. For stock volumes this tendency has an
approximate power law behavior. For solar X-ray flux and the BTW model, there
is a broad regime of activity where , which we interpret as an
indicator of critical behavior. This is true despite different underlying
probability distributions for , and for . For the BTW model the
distribution of is Gaussian, for sufficiently larger than one, and
its variance grows linearly with . Hence, the activity in the BTW model
obeys a central limit theorem when sampling over past histories. The broad
region of activity where is close to one disappears once bulk dissipation
is introduced in the BTW model -- supporting our hypothesis that it is an
indicator of criticality.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Thiazoles as Antioxidant Additives for Egyptian Lubricating Oils
4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-phenol (1) reacted with 2-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-malononitrile or 1,3-diphenyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde to afford enaminonitrile, pyrazolo derivatives 2 and 3, respectively. On the other hand, methylation of 1 afforded the acetyl derivative 4 which reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate, diazonium salt, acetic anhydride, cyclic anhydride, ethyl acetoacetate, benzaldehyde or phosphorous oxychloride to afford compounds 5-9, 11 and 12, respectively. Moreover, the compound 12 reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate to afford compound 13. A one-pot reaction of compound 1 with ethyl acetoacetate and benzaldehyde afforded compound 10. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as antioxidant additives for lube oil. Key words: Key words: Aminothiazole; Condensation; Antioxidant Additive
Forensic DNA Analysis of mixed mosquito blood meals: STR profiling for human identification
Mosquito vectors captured at a crime scene are forensically valuable since they feed on human blood, and hence, human DNA can be recovered to help identify the victim and/or the suspect. This study investigated the validity of obtaining the human short tandem repeats (STRs) profile from mixed blood meals of the mosquito, Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae). Thus, mosquitoes were membrane-feed on blood from six different sources: a human male, a human female, mixed human male-female blood, mixed human male-mouse blood, mixed human female-mouse blood, and mixed human male-female-mouse blood. DNA was extracted from mosquito blood meals at 2 h intervals up to 72 h post-feeding to amplify 24 human STRs. Data showed that full DNA profiles could be obtained for up to 12 h post-feeding, regardless of the type of blood meal. Complete and partial DNA profiles were obtained up to 24 h and 36 h post-feeding, respectively. The frequencies of STR loci decreased over time after feeding on mixed blood until they became weakly detectable at 48 h post-feeding. This may indicate that a blood meal of human blood mixed with animal blood would contribute to maximizing DNA degradation and thus affects STR identification beyond 36 h post-feeding. These results confirm the feasibility of human DNA identification from mosquito blood meals, even if it is mixed with other types of non-human blood, for up to 36 h post-feeding. Therefore, blood-fed mosquitoes found at the crime scene are forensically valuable, as it is possible to obtain intact genetic profiles from their blood meals to identify a victim, a potential offender, and/or exclude a suspect
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