Depistage Des Lesions Du Col Uterin Au Chu Tokoin De Lome : Resultats D’une Serie De 512 Cas.

Purpose: Cervical cancer remains a real public health problem in Togo. This study was undertaken to sensitize women and to determine the prevalence of precancerous and canrous lesions of the cervix in the Togolese woman. Material and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the results of a consecutive series of Pap smears performed in the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology CHU Tokoin Lome 2011-2013. Results: Epidemiological, 512 FCV were interpretable. The average age of women was 37.6 years, extreme 19 and 87 years. By occupation, we noted a predominance of unemployed women (351cas, 68,6%), followed by women traders (103 cases, 20,1%) . The distribution by marital status was possible to observe a predominance of married women (234 cases, 45, 7 %). In terms of reproductive history, we found a mean gravidity and parity respectively 3, 5 and 2. We noted 22 women living with HIV, 77.2% were infected with HIV1. Cytopathological, 512 smears selected, we observed 44 abnormal smears (8,6%). It was indeterminate lesions ASCUS / ASCUS (8 cases), endocervical hyperplasia (3 cases), low-grade lesions (17 cases), high-grade lesions (10 cases) and invasive carcinoma (6 cases). Conclusion: The detection rate of cervical cancer is low among the Togolese woman. The health professionals should take the habit of asking the FCV any woman having a consultation

Métastases cutanées vues au laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique à Lomé, Togo entre 2005 et 2014

Introduction: L'objectif de cette étude était de documenter le profil épidémiologique et histologique des métastases cutanées vues au laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique (LAP) de Lomé. Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive et transversale portant sur des cas de métastases cutanées observées au LAP du CHU Sylvanus Olympio entre 2005 et 2014.Résultats: Au cours de cette période d'étude, nous avons recensé 32 cas de métastases cutanées représentant 3,2% (1005 cas) de l'ensemble des cas de métastases enregistrées au LAP. L'âge moyen des patients atteints de ces métastases cutanées était de 42,6 ans et le sex-ratio (F/H) de 2,2. Sur le plan macroscopique, ces métastases étaient nodulaires dans 15 cas, bourgeonnantes dans 12 cas, ulcéré dans 3 cas et ulcéro-bourgeonnant dans 2 cas. Les types histologiques étaient représentés par les adénocarcinomes (19 cas, 59,4%), les carcinomes épidermoïdes (8 cas, 25 %), la maladie de Paget (3 cas, 9,4%), le carcinome à petites cellules du type neuroendocrine (un cas, 3,1%) et le mélanome (un cas, 3,1%). Selon le degré de différenciation, les métastases cutanées étaient bien différenciées dans 14 cas (56%). Les principales localisations de ces métastases cutanées étaient le thorax (11 cas, 34,4%) suivi de l'abdomen (10 cas, 31,3%). Les cancers primitifs étaient surtout d'origine mammaire (14 cas, 43,7%).Conclusion: Cette étude montre que les métastases cutanées sont relativement rares et les tumeurs malignes d'origine mammaire sont les tumeurs primitives prédominantes. Avec un pourcentage élevé des formes peu différenciées et celles indifférenciées, l'amélioration du plateau technique du LAP (immunohistochimie) permettra d'accroitre ses capacités diagnostiques

GLUE ABUSE IN LOME: INVESTIGATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY ON WISTAR RATS

Objectives: Volatile substances abuse (VSA) is considered as one of the most dangerous forms of drug abuse leading to serious accidents and fatalities. This study aims to assess the extent and dangers of the sniffing of '' Dia'' glue, used by the vulcanizer to paste the cars' tires.Methods: The first phase of the study involved a survey with vulcanizers of the district I of Lome. The effect of the glue was then evaluated on female wistar rats, by inhalation' in a 1L capacity jar for a period of 5 min at doses of 320 mg/l and 640 mg/l. The rat behavioral changes, driving test, tail flick test, tolerance test and 28 d subchronic toxicity test were carried out.Results: The survey has identified street vendors as glue sniffers (80.95%). The most cited reason for the glue inhalation was the tailism (79.76%) and the presumed effect was to feel stronger (76.19%). On wistar rat, ‘‘Dia'' glue has induced some behavioral changes. It has increased significantly the righting recovery reflex time and the maintaining time of the tail in warm water. After 28 d exposition, 5 min per day, ‘‘Dia'' glue increased significantly (pË‚0.001) the relative weight of the spleen, the AST (pË‚0.001) and ALT (pË‚0.001). It has also induced an anaemia associated with a thrombocytosis. The analysis of the glue by GC-HS-MS has showed a high amount of toluene (65%), a lesser proportion of dimethyl cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and traces of benzene, ethylbenzene and xylene.Conclusion: The sniffing of ‘‘Dia'' glue is very dangerous. Addiction especially that which is done with volatile substances must, therefore, be carefully controlled.Â

ETIOLOGIES DES PLEURESIES DU SUJET AGE AU TOGO

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the current aetiologic profile of pleurisies in the elderly people. Materials and method: We carried out a retrospective study based on the data of 126 patients, old of at least 55 years, hospitalised from January 2007 to December 2011 for pleurisy in the pneumology department of Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lome. Results: Pleurisies represent 23,11 % of elderly people’s hospitalisation motives. The Sex-ratio was 1 and the average age of the patients 65 ± 09 years old. The clinical aspect was dominated by thoracic pain (88,88 %) and cough (69,84 %). The chest X-ray revealed pleural effusion at the left side in 48,41 %, at right side in 46,83% and of medium abundance in 57,93 %. The liquid was citrine in 53,97 %, haematic in 30,95% and purulent in 15,08% . Pleurisies were of cancerous origin in 32,54 %, tubercular in 17,46 % and bacterial not tubercular in 14,58%. No aetiology had been found in 33,33 %. The mortality was 27,78 % and due to cancers and idiopathic pleurisies in 86 % during three months’ follow up. Conclusion: Cancers are the first aetiology of pleurisies followed by tuberculosis in elderly people. The acquisition of the new means of pleural exploration is important to reduce the proportion of idiopathic pleurisies

Pathologies cutanées vues au laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique à Lomé, Togo

Introduction: Les affections cutanées restent encore un problème de santé publique dans la majorité des pays en développement. Notre étude s'est fixée comme objectif de déterminer les aspects épidémiologiques et histologiques des dermatoses au Togo. Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive et transversale portant sur les cas de dermatoses diagnostiquées de 2002 à 2013 (10 ans) au laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique (LAP) du CHU- Sylvanus Olympio. Tous les cas d'examen portant sur un prélèvement de peau (biopsie, exérèse, pièces opératoires) ont été colligés de 2002 à 2013 à partir des données des registres dudit laboratoire. Résultats: Au cours de la période d'étude, 1119 (7,6 %) des 14720 prélèvements reçus au LAP étaient des prélèvements de peau, ce qui correspond à une fréquence annuelle de 111,9 prélèvements. L'âge moyen des patients dont les prélèvements de peau appartenaient était de 35,4 ans et le sex-ratio (H/F) de 1,39. Au plan histologique, les lésions cutanées étaient reparties en dermatoses non tumorales (390 cas, 34,8%), dermatoses tumorales et pseudo tumorales (607 cas, 54,2%) et des dermatoses de diagnostic incertain (122 cas, 10,9%). La lèpre (95 cas, 8,5%) et le carcinome épidermoïde (134 cas, 11,9%) étaient les types histologiques les plus fréquents. Conclusion: Les dermatoses tumorales et pseudo tumorales font plus l'objet de demande d'examen anatomopathologique au Togo, ce qui s'explique par la hantise de tumeurs malignes devant toute dermatose tumorale. L'amélioration du plateau technique du LAP (immunohistochimie, immunofluorescence directe) permettra d'accroitre ses capacités diagnostiques.Keywords: Pathologie cutanée, histopathologie, Tog

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF VITEX DONIANA SWEET (VERBENACEAE) IN MICE.

Vitex doniana is traditionally used in Togo to treat various diseases including wounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Vitex doniana on cutaneous wound healing. Wounds were induced in ICR mice divided into four groups as following: Group I received carbopol 974P NF empty gel, Groups II and III were treated topically with carbopol gel containing 2.5% and 5% of Vitex doniana extract. Group IV received Betadine® 10% as standard drug. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by planimetry and histological analysis. We secondary used the gel containing Vitex doniana at 2.5% and the pure extract at 10 mg/ml on the model of ear edema induced by xylene. Skin toxicity test was performed with the gel containing Vitex doniana at 5% and the pure extract at 30 mg/ml. Vitex doniana at 5% and 2.5% provided better wound contraction (91.14% and 86.38%) at day 12 post-excision when compared to control (51.15%). The results of histological evaluation supported the outcome of excision wound model. Moreover Vitex doniana inhibited significantly edema induced by xylene when compared to control (p< 0.05). In skin toxicity test, no abnormal symptoms were developed over 14 day-time period. Vitex doniana inhibits the topical inflammation and accelerate cutaneous wound repair

ETIOLOGIES DES PLEURESIES DU SUJET AGE AU TOGO

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the current aetiologic profile of pleurisies in the elderly people. Materials and method: We carried out a retrospective study based on the data of 126 patients, old of at least 55 years, hospitalised from January 2007 to December 2011 for pleurisy in the pneumology department of Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lome. Results: Pleurisies represent 23,11 % of elderly people’s hospitalisation motives. The Sex-ratio was 1 and the average age of the patients 65 ± 09 years old. The clinical aspect was dominated by thoracic pain (88,88 %) and cough (69,84 %). The chest X-ray revealed pleural effusion at the left side in 48,41 %, at right side in 46,83% and of medium abundance in 57,93 %. The liquid was citrine in 53,97 %, haematic in 30,95% and purulent in 15,08% . Pleurisies were of cancerous origin in 32,54 %, tubercular in 17,46 % and bacterial not tubercular in 14,58%. No aetiology had been found in 33,33 %. The mortality was 27,78 % and due to cancers and idiopathic pleurisies in 86 % during three months’ follow up. Conclusion: Cancers are the first aetiology of pleurisies followed by tuberculosis in elderly people. The acquisition of the new means of pleural exploration is important to reduce the proportion of idiopathic pleurisies

Patients diabétiques de type 2 hypertendus

The congenital epulis is a benign congenital granular cell tumor arising most often of the alveolar ridge of the jawbone. When giant, it is source of digestive discomfort disabling feeding. We report the case of a newborn female, vaginal delivery, presented with a giant intraoral tumor. Tumor obstructing the mouth of the newborn and prevent the attachment and feeding. The treatment consisted of excision of the tumor under general anesthesia. The histology of the tumor was revealed that it was an epulis.Key words: Congenital epulis, newborn, oral cavity, Tog

Anomalie de développement sexuel : un cas de pseudohermaphrodisme masculin ou anomalie de développement sexuel

The feminine pseudohermaphrodism (FPH) or anomaly of the sexual development XX, rare intersexual state, represents the most frequent affection of the anomalies of the sexual development. The most frequent reason is the congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal. We return in this present work a case of feminine pseudohermaphrodism or anomaly of the sexual development XX. It was about a patient, of masculine kind, received in consultation at the age of 14 years for bilateral cryptorchidism confirmed to the clinical exam. The cytogenetic analysis indicated a normal karyotype of feminine type. The blood hormonal dosage indicated a block in 11&#946;-OH. The analysis of this observation raises the carelessness or the ignorance of the parents facing the pathologies serious neonatal where the child's vital prognosis is not hired but to the heavy consequences for the insertion of these children in the society.Keywords : Feminine pseudohermaphrodism, anomaly of the sexual development XX, karyotype, social sexJ. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lom&#233; (Togo), 2012, S&#233;rie D14(1) : 67-7