Les discours éthiques de la mode : Entre réparation et renouveau des modèles

La mode est en train de se « convertir » – et pour cause : ce n’est pas un hasard en temps d’urgence – à une éthique écologique. Le thème choisi pour cette contribution est dicté par l’intention d’explorer le langage qu’utilise la mode éthique dans un corpus de textes de nature diverse ayant tous pour trame de fond un vocabulaire dont les connotations renvoient à un lexique de philosophie religieuse. L’hypothèse sous-jacente à cette recherche est qu’une partie de cet outillage discursif peut être intimement reliée à un discours moral, voire résolument spirituel. De la « conversion » écologique de la mode à la préconisation de pratiques quasi ascétiques devant déboucher sur un comportement plus responsable de consommateur non compulsif en passant par le pacte de la mode et tout le discours tournant autour de la deuxième vie à donner aux vêtements, le langage utilisé semble parsemé d’emprunts au corpus de la théologie. Voilà qui conférerait à la mode, déjà éthique par nature, la possibilité de se hisser au rang d’un modèle moral dont la compétence s’élargirait jusqu’à devenir nouvelle orthodoxie ou nouvelle orthopraxie. L’idée d’où est sortie La Contre-mode, de Monsieur de Fitelieu, texte de 1642, trouve des correspondances contemporaines dans le manifeste anti-mode de Lidewij Edelkoort, aussi bien que dans un nouveau discours prônant une consommation vestimentaire capable de prendre en compte la protection de la planète. Ainsi la mode serait au confluent de deux modèles : celui du discours éthique renouvelé et, parallèlement, un élément récurrent du cycle historique, s’il faut en croire Giambattista Vico (m. 1744), philosophe de l’histoire, qui, dans Corsi e ricorsi oppose à la mode et à son discours une autre mode et ses pratiques

Potencial uso de Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) como indicador biológico de calidad del agua en un estuario templado de Sudamérica

The potential use of Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) as a biological indicator of water quality in a temperate estuary of South America Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) is a euryhaline tanaidacean distributed worldwide and recorded in the freshwater zone of the Río de la Plata estuary. Despite the vast bibliography on this species, its sensitivity to pollution has never been assessed. This study was conducted in the coastal freshwater tidal zone of the Río de la Plata estuary, encompassing approximately 170 km of Argentine shoreline subjected to different types of anthropogenic disturbance. Benthic samples were taken seasonally in triplicate in vegetated zones, along with 19 sampling sites from 2005 to 2010. To explore the main environmental gradients within the study area, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted. For the interpretation of the most relevant variables, the axis defined by PCA was followed by a varimax-normalised rotation. The ecological optima and tolerance limits of S. stanfordi were calculated for each environmental variable analysed. The multivariate analysis suggested that most of the variations within the study area could be related to the impact of anthropogenic pollution as well as the natural dynamics of the estuary. The abundance of the species was significantly lower in sites with high levels of nutrients and oxygen demands, exhibiting a negative correlation with soluble reactive phosphorous concentrations and a positive correlation with oxygen levels. Turbidity and conductivity did not represent limiting variables for the distribution of this tanaid. This study constitutes the first approach to assess the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the populations of this crustacean and contributes to the knowledge of tanaidacean ecology. The low species abundance in the most polluted sites would suggest that S. stanfordi could be useful in biomonitoring studies in the Rio de la Plata estuary as well as other temperate estuarine systems.Potencial uso de Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) como indicador biológico de calidad del agua en un estuario templado de Sudamérica Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) es un tanaidáceo eurihalino distribuido mundialmente y registrado en el sector de agua dulce del estuario del Río de la Plata. A pesar de la vasta bibliografía disponible sobre esta especie, su sensibilidad a la contaminación no ha sido evaluada anteriormente. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en la zona intermareal de la porción dulceacuícola del estuario del Río de La Plata, abarcando aproximadamente 170 km de la costa argentina sometida a diferentes tipos de perturbaciones antropogénicas. Las muestras bentónicas fueron tomadas estacionalmente por triplicado en la zona vegetada, a lo largo de 19 sitios de muestreo entre 2005-2010. Con el objeto de explorar los gradientes ambientales dentro de esta área, se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). Para la interpretación de las variables más relevantes, los ejes definidos por el PCA fueron sometidos a una “varimax-rotation” normalizada. Se analizaron los óptimos ecológicos y límites de tolerancia de S. stanfordi para cada variable ambiental. El análisis multivariado sugirió que la mayor parte de la variación en el área de estudio se debe tanto al impacto de la contaminación antrópica como a la dinámica natural del estuario. La abundancia de la especie fue significativamente menor en los sitios con alto contenido de nutrientes y demandas de oxígeno, exhibiendo una correlación negativa con el contenido de fosforo disuelto y una correlación positiva con los niveles de oxígeno. La conductividad y la turbidez del agua no representaron variables limitantes en la distribución de esta especie. Este estudio constituye el primer aporte para la evaluación de los efectos de los disturbios antropogénicos sobre las poblaciones de este crustáceo y contribuye al conocimiento de la ecología de los tanaidáceos. Las bajas abundancias de la especie registradas en los sitios más contaminados sugerirían que S. stanfordi podría ser útil en estudios de biomonitoreo en el estuario del Río de La Plata como así también en otros sistemas estuarinos templados.Fil: Ambrosio, Eugenia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología ; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología ; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología ; Argentin

Potencial uso de Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) como indicador biológico de calidad del agua en un estuario templado de Sudamérica

The potential use of Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) as a biological indicator of water quality in a temperate estuary of South America Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) is a euryhaline tanaidacean distributed worldwide and recorded in the freshwater zone of the Río de la Plata estuary. Despite the vast bibliography on this species, its sensitivity to pollution has never been assessed. This study was conducted in the coastal freshwater tidal zone of the Río de la Plata estuary, encompassing approximately 170 km of Argentine shoreline subjected to different types of anthropogenic disturbance. Benthic samples were taken seasonally in triplicate in vegetated zones, along with 19 sampling sites from 2005 to 2010. To explore the main environmental gradients within the study area, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted. For the interpretation of the most relevant variables, the axis defined by PCA was followed by a varimax-normalised rotation. The ecological optima and tolerance limits of S. stanfordi were calculated for each environmental variable analysed. The multivariate analysis suggested that most of the variations within the study area could be related to the impact of anthropogenic pollution as well as the natural dynamics of the estuary. The abundance of the species was significantly lower in sites with high levels of nutrients and oxygen demands, exhibiting a negative correlation with soluble reactive phosphorous concentrations and a positive correlation with oxygen levels. Turbidity and conductivity did not represent limiting variables for the distribution of this tanaid. This study constitutes the first approach to assess the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the populations of this crustacean and contributes to the knowledge of tanaidacean ecology. The low species abundance in the most polluted sites would suggest that S. stanfordi could be useful in biomonitoring studies in the Rio de la Plata estuary as well as other temperate estuarine systems.Potencial uso de Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) como indicador biológico de calidad del agua en un estuario templado de Sudamérica Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) es un tanaidáceo eurihalino distribuido mundialmente y registrado en el sector de agua dulce del estuario del Río de la Plata. A pesar de la vasta bibliografía disponible sobre esta especie, su sensibilidad a la contaminación no ha sido evaluada anteriormente. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en la zona intermareal de la porción dulceacuícola del estuario del Río de La Plata, abarcando aproximadamente 170 km de la costa argentina sometida a diferentes tipos de perturbaciones antropogénicas. Las muestras bentónicas fueron tomadas estacionalmente por triplicado en la zona vegetada, a lo largo de 19 sitios de muestreo entre 2005-2010. Con el objeto de explorar los gradientes ambientales dentro de esta área, se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). Para la interpretación de las variables más relevantes, los ejes definidos por el PCA fueron sometidos a una “varimax-rotation” normalizada. Se analizaron los óptimos ecológicos y límites de tolerancia de S. stanfordi para cada variable ambiental. El análisis multivariado sugirió que la mayor parte de la variación en el área de estudio se debe tanto al impacto de la contaminación antrópica como a la dinámica natural del estuario. La abundancia de la especie fue significativamente menor en los sitios con alto contenido de nutrientes y demandas de oxígeno, exhibiendo una correlación negativa con el contenido de fosforo disuelto y una correlación positiva con los niveles de oxígeno. La conductividad y la turbidez del agua no representaron variables limitantes en la distribución de esta especie. Este estudio constituye el primer aporte para la evaluación de los efectos de los disturbios antropogénicos sobre las poblaciones de este crustáceo y contribuye al conocimiento de la ecología de los tanaidáceos. Las bajas abundancias de la especie registradas en los sitios más contaminados sugerirían que S. stanfordi podría ser útil en estudios de biomonitoreo en el estuario del Río de La Plata como así también en otros sistemas estuarinos templados.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Population ecology of <i>Sinelobus stanfordi</i> (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) in a temperate southern microtidal estuary

Sinelobus stanfordi is a tanaidacean of worldwide distribution of considerable significance within coastal ecosystems. The aim of this research was to provide essential information on the poorlyknown population biology of this species. Benthic samples were taken seasonally from winter 2005 through summer 2007 along 155 km of shoreline within the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina. The density of this tanaidacean was higher in vegetated than in bare sediments. The smaller individuals flourished in spring and summer, whereas the larger mature members prevailed in the cooler seasons. Females were always twice as abundant as males. Copulatory females, with 18 ± 8 eggs each, were collected during all the seasons. Five cohorts were distinguished by the von Bertalanffy growth function. This research represents a baseline investigation for future studies on the population dynamics of S. stanfordi both in this estuary and in other places where this species is found.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Implantación de un proceso de automatización de pruebas para una aplicación software

[ES] La automatización de pruebas es una de las alternativas más atractivas para afrontar un ritmo frecuente de entregas al cliente sin comprometer la calidad del producto software. Esto se hace más necesario cuando ya se tiene un producto en el entorno de producción y con una gran cantidad de usuarios que pueden verse afectados por un fallo. Existen diversos tipos y niveles de pruebas, entre ellos las pruebas de aceptación tienen especial importancia de cara a la conformidad del comportamiento externo del producto según las expectativas del cliente. El objetivo de este TFG es definir un proceso de automatización y aplicación de pruebas automatizadas en el contexto de un producto software real. Nos centraremos en pruebas de aceptación funcionales. Para esto, y gracias a la colaboración con una empresa en la cual el estudiante disfruta de una beca, se establecerá un proceso para su equipo de testeo trabajando con unproducto software de gran envergadura en cuanto a funcionalidad y número de usuarios.[EN] Test automation is one of the most attractive alternatives to cope with frequent delivery of software to the customer warranting product quality. This is specially important when you have a product already released with a large number of users which can be affected by a failure. There are different types and levels of tests, among them the acceptance tests allow us to assure the conformity of the external behavior of the product with the client's expectations. The aim of this work is to define a process for automation and application of automated tests in the context of a real software product. We will focus on functional acceptance tests. Thanks to the collaboration with a company in which the student have a scholarship, a process will be established for the test team and their work with a big software product software in terms of functionality and number of users.Esteve Ambrosio, DA. (2015). Implantación de un proceso de automatización de pruebas para una aplicación software. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/55321.TFG

Distribuição locacional agropecuária e concentração fundiária na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Mogi Guaçu e Pardo

As relações entre a distribuição locacional dos usos da terra e a concentração fundiária, nos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Mogi Guaçu e Pardo, são analisadas empregando o Quociente Locacional, a Curva de Especialização e o Índice de Gini. Os resultados mostram uma concentração fundiária excessivamente alta: metade dos municípios apresenta grau de concentração médio a forte (Índice de Gini entre 0,501 e 0,700) e metade grau forte a muito forte (Índice de Gini entre 0,701 e 0,900). Rejeitou-se, pelo teste qui-quadrado a 5% de probabilidade, a hipótese nula de independência entre as classes de concentração da posse da terra e os tipos de especialização locacional dos usos da terra, no âmbito municipal. Verificou-se que nos municípios com alto quociente locacional com cana-de-açúcar também ocorre concentração de posse da terra em graus forte e muito forte. Por outro lado, os municípios com quocientes locacionais maiores que o padrão da bacia nas culturas perenes e anuais apresentaram menor concentração fundiária, quando comparados aos municípios não especializados nestas atividades. Já o grau de especialização na atividade de pastagem não apresentou relação significativa com a estrutura fundiária. Conclui-se que os indicadores propostos neste trabalho se mostraram eficientes para caracterizar a distribuição das atividades nos municípios da área de estudo, prestando-se os quocientes locacionais para análises de cunho regional (no presente caso, por município) e setorial (por atividade produtiva).------------------------------------------------This work examines the relationship between location distribution of the land uses and land concentration in the municipalities of the Mogi Guaçu and Pardo Rivers Watershed, employing the Location Quotient, the Specialization Curve and Gini Index. The results have shown a very high land concentration index: half of the municipalities presents medium to strong degrees of land concentration (Gini Index between 0,501 and 0,700) and the other half strong to very strong degrees (Gini Index between 0,701 and 0,900). The null hypothesis of the independence between land concentration classes and location distribution of the land uses was rejected by the chi-square test with 5% of probability. It was found also strong and very strong degrees of land concentration in municipalities with a high location quotient with sugar cane. On the other hand, the municipalities presenting location quotients with other crops larger than the standard found in the Watershed, presented lower concentration land when compared to municipalities more specialized in cattle raising activities. However, the degree of specialization in cattle raising activities was not correlated to the agrarian structure. The paper concludes that the indicators proposed have been efficient to characterize the distribution of the activities in the municipalities. The Location Quotient was useful for analysis at the regional levels (in this case, by municipality) and at the sector levels (by productive activity).Bacia hidrográfica, Concentração fundiária, Curva de Especialização, Índice de Gini, Quociente locacional, Watershed, Location quotient, Specialization curve, Gini coefficient, Land concentration, Land Economics/Use,

Assessment of Biotic Integrity of the Coastal Freshwater Tidal Zone of a Temperate Estuary of South America through Multiple Indicators

Fil: Gómez, Nora. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Licursi, Magdalena. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bauer, Delia Elena. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ambrosio, Eugenia Soledad. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Rodrigues Capítulo, Alberto. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Stem cells and bioengineering in the current context of dentistry and general health / Células-tronco e bioengenharia no contexto atual da odontologia e saúde geral

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are undifferentiated cell structures with the ability to both renew themselves and differentiate into different specialized cell types. These can be found in some structures of the dental organ, such as in the dental pulp, in the periodontal ligament, in the dental follicle and in the apical papilla, changing to being called dental stem cells (DSC). When compared with other types of MSC, DSC have the benefit of being obtained in a minimally invasive and painless way. These particularities make them the ideal tool for applicability in dental and non-dental therapies. In this review was emphasize that, in an appropriate culture medium, DSC can be used for the restoration of dental structures, in the repair of nervous and bone tissue and in the treatment of neurodegenerative, hepatic and ocular deficits. In addition, in the current context of COVID-19, MSC are being investigated and applied to treat complications caused by the new coronavirus, which has been extended to DSC. In summary, this review article concludes that understanding the functioning of these cells and their properties may allow the development of more effective treatments or even the cure of several pathologies

Dinâmica dos usos e coberturas da terra em Área de Preservação Permanente na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Mogi Guaçu e Pardo, no período entre 1988 e 2002

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica de uso e ocupação da terra em Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APPs - na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Mogi Guaçu e Pardo, estado de São Paulo, de modo a subsidiar a formulação de políticas públicas. As APPs foram identificadas e mapeadas usando imagens do Landsat-7. O uso antrópico em áreas de preservação permanente tem sido freqüentemente relatado na literatura, para diferentes regiões do Brasil, com destaque para o uso agrícola. Tal fato também se observa na Bacia Mogi-Pardo, conforme se evidencia neste trabalho. A partir dos dados apresentados pode se observar, entretanto, que no período entre 1988 e 2002 houve aumento da cobertura florestal nas APPs da Bacia, provavelmente fruto do esforço de recomposição de matas ciliares, o que contribui para o efeito-escala negativo do uso antrópico nessas áreas de proteção. Nos locais das APPs onde vem ocorrendo o uso antrópico – desrespeitando-se a legislação vigente – evidencia-se o processo de substituição, pela cana-de-açúcar, de cultivos como os anuais de sequeiro, as pastagens, a silvicultura e, inclusive, a substituição da vegetação ripária. O efeito-substituição se mostra positivo e de elevada magnitude para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Este padrão de ocupação das APPs se dá, sem diferenças significativas, para os Biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, ambos presentes na área da Bacia Mogi-Pardo.----------------------------------------------The objective of this work was to study the land use and land cover change dynamics – LUCC – in Permanent Protected Area - PPA - as to support the decisions taking processes on public policies in the Mogi Guaçu and Pardo Rivers Watershed, state of São Paulo. The PPAs were identified and mapped through Landsat-7 image classification. The anthropic use of PPA has been frequently reported in the literature, for different regions of Brazil, with emphasis on agricultural use. This fact also has been observed in Mogi-Pardo Watershed, as evidenced in this paper. The results have shown an increase of the forest cover in PPA areas, between 1988 and 2002, probably due to restoration efforts focused in riparian forests. This fact contributes to the negative scale effect of the anthropic use in these areas of protection. In places where the anthropic use has occurred – disregarding the environmental legislation – it was observed the replacement of annual crops, pasture, forest and the riparian vegetation by the sugar cane. The substitution effect is positive and with high magnitude for the sugar cane. No significant differences were found in the dynamics of LUCC between the areas of the two biomes - Atlantic forest and Savannah – present in the Mogi-Pardo Watershed.Uso e cobertura da terra, Área de Preservação Permanente, efeito-escala, efeito-substituição, Bacia Hidrográfica, Land use cover change, LUCC, Permanent Preservation Area, shift-share, Watershed, Land Economics/Use,

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DE PROGRAMA DE FORMAÇÃO DE EMPREENDEDORES E LIDERANÇAS RURAIS NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de avaliações da eficácia do Programa Empreendedor Rural – PER – em alcançar seus objetivos. O PER é um programa de educação rural para produtores e trabalhadores rurais desenvolvido no Paraná e executado pelo Senar/PR e Sebrae/PR que visa elevar os estoques de capital humano e social no meio rural. O programa adota o construtivismo como método de ensino e a elaboração de projetos de investimento como eixo de aprendizagem. Na Fase I do Programa, executado a partir de 2003, o objetivo principal é a promoção de empreendedorismo no meio rural, por meio de um treinamento com cerca de 5 meses de duração. A Fase III, executada a partir de 2005, tem como objetivo principal a ampliação do capital social no meio rural, e se desenvolve por cerca de 9 meses. A avaliação do programa foi planejada para coletar informações em três fases distintas: (1) início do programa (Marco Zero), (2) término do programa e (3) após um ano do término do programa. O programa foi avaliado por meio de questionários e entrevistas estruturadas, em amostras de participantes estatisticamente significativas. Aos resultados foram aplicados métodos de estatística descritiva, teste de Qui-quadrado, apresentação gráfica de dados e a técnica de “data mining”. Os resultados para a Fase I mostram que o programa foi eficaz na promoção de empreendedorismo, especialmente na criação de negócios próprios pelos participantes um ano após a conclusão do treinamento, entre outros resultados. Para a fase III a avaliação mostra que, ao final do treinamento, que implica na elaboração de projetos associativos, os participantes tiveram uma visão mais crítica e real do seu efetivo estoque de capital social. O programa contribuiu como ponte para a rede social existente, mas não foi suficiente em si mesmo para gerar um aumento no capital social das comunidades.---------------------------------------------The paper presents results of evaluations of the effectiveness of the Agribusiness Management Program - PER - in reaching its objectives. The PER is a rural educational program for producers and managers developed in the state of Paraná. Senar/PR and Sebrae/PR are in charge of the program execution that aims at raising the supplies of human and social capital in the state rural areas. The program uses a constructive approach as educational method and the elaboration of investment projects as its learning alignment. The Phase I of the Program, executed since 2003, aims at empowering rural entrepreneurship, by means of a training program with 5 months duration. Phase III, executed since 2005, has as major objective increasing the stocks of social capital in the state rural areas and its learning program lasts about 9 months. The evaluation of the program was planned to allow collecting information in its three distinct phases: (1) at beginning of Phase I of the program (Landmark Zero); (2) at the end of Phase I; and (3) after one year of the end of Phase I of the program, for each group of participants. The program was evaluated by means of questionnaires and structuralized interviews, with statistically significant sample of participants. Methods of descriptive statistics, tests of Qui-square, graphical presentation of data and the technique of “date mining” were applied to analyze the answers. The results for Phase I show that the program was efficient in promoting entrepreneurship, especially in the creation of business-oriented projects for the participants. They were, among others results, observed to be implemented one year after the conclusion of the Phase I training. The evaluation process showed that at the end of Phase III training, that required the elaboration of an associative project by the participant, they had a more critical and real vision of the effective stock of social capital in their area. The program built a bridge for the existing social network, but it was not enough in itself to generate an increase in the stock of social capital for the communities.educação rural, empreendedorismo, capital social, liderança, eficácia de capacitações, rural education, entrepreneurship, social capital stock, leadership, effectiveness of qualifications, Agribusiness, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,