Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/99</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():99-99.</p><p>Published online 30 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2034567.</p><p></p> (A), female (B). Both sexes have a significantly higher number of PGCs in the right PGC lateral clump. C: Comparison of the PGC phenotype versus genotype (Dmrt1bY) at hatching stage. D: Offspring obtained by mating a Y/Yfemale with an Olvas X/Ymale. E: Comparison of the primordial gonad phenotype at hatching stage versus genotype (Yor Y). Identification of genetic sex in each individual was performed by PCR analysis for presence or absence after genomic DNA extraction. The fragments from either both Awr or Hd-rR-specific alleles were amplified with diagnostic primer sets. Scale bars: 7.5 μM

Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/99</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():99-99.</p><p>Published online 30 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2034567.</p><p></p>V:EGFP-SV40UTR control plasmid (A) while nuclear localized when transfected with pCMV:Dmrt1bY:GFP-SV40UTR construct (B). C and D: Radar histograms representing the DNA content distribution of Dmrt1bY:GFP relative to GFP (control) transfected cells expressed in percentage. "Ctr" and "GFP Ctr, GFP+" represent GFP negative and positive control cells in the plate tranfected with control GFP plasmid; similarly "Dmrt1bY, GFP+" and "Dmrt1b, GFP-" represent GFP negative and positive cells In the plate tranfected with Dmrt1bY:GFP plasmid. E and F: Cell cycle distribution reflected by DNA content in control stage 10 (MBT) and post-MBT (stage 13) -injected embryos

Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/99</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():99-99.</p><p>Published online 30 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2034567.</p><p></p>mordial gonad phenotype at hatching stage. B: male primordial gonad phenotype at hatching stage. C, D and E: fluorescence produced by BrdU incorporation colocalizes with GFP fluorescence of primordial germ cells in the Olvas transgenic line. GFP fluorescence (C), BrdU fluorescence (D), overlay (E). F: primordial gonad phenotype at hatching stage after Dmrt1bY morpholino injection in a genetic male

CMA restricted to mammals and birds: myth or reality?

<p>Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis essential for the control of intermediary metabolism. So far, the absence of any identifiable LAMP2A – a necessary and limiting protein for CMA – outside of the tetrapod clade, led to the paradigm that this cellular function was (presumably) restricted to mammals and birds. However, after we identified expressed sequences displaying high sequence homology with the mammalian <i>LAMP2A</i> in several fish species, our findings challenge that view and suggest that CMA likely appeared much earlier during evolution than initially thought. Hence, our results do not only shed an entirely new light on the evolution of CMA, but also bring new perspectives on the possible use of complementary genetic models, such as zebrafish or medaka for studying CMA function from a comparative angle/view.</p

Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects against hyperglycemic stress

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis critical for cellular homeostasis and metabolism, and whose defects have been associated with several human pathologies. While CMA has been well described in mammals, functional evidence has only recently been documented in fish, opening up new perspectives to tackle this function under a novel angle. Now we propose to explore CMA functions in the rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), a fish species recognized as a model organism of glucose intolerance and characterized by the presence of two paralogs of the CMA-limiting factor Lamp2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A). To this end, we validated a fluorescent reporter (KFERQ-PA-mCherry1) previously used to track functional CMA in mammalian cells, in an RT hepatoma-derived cell line (RTH-149). We found that incubation of cells with high-glucose levels (HG, 25 mM) induced translocation of the CMA reporter to lysosomes and/or late endosomes in a KFERQ- and Lamp2A-dependent manner, as well as reduced its half-life compared to the control (5 mM), thus demonstrating increased CMA flux. Furthermore, we observed that activation of CMA upon HG exposure was mediated by generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and involving the antioxidant transcription factor Nfe2l2/Nrf2 (nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2). Finally, we demonstrated that CMA plays an important protective role against HG-induced stress, primarily mediated by one of the two RT Lamp2As. Together, our results provide unequivocal evidence for CMA activity existence in RT and highlight both the role and regulation of CMA during glucose-related metabolic disorders.</p

Le Cri du peuple : journal politique quotidien

30 avril 18881888/04/30 (A5,N1645)-1888/04/30

The Galway astronomical Stokes polarimeter: optical development

The acquisition time of astronomical polarimeters has in the past been restricted to by the use of polarimeters utilizing modulated or rotating components [1]. If the polarisation state being measured is changing in the order of nanoseconds, how does one measure this? The Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter (GASP) is an instantaneous full Stokes Division Of Amplitude Polarimeter (DOAP) that has been developed for astronomical imaging polarimetry. It also uses just one camera thus restricting the acquisition time to photon statistics. Following the work of Compain and Drévillon [2], the main component - the Retarding Beam-Splitter, was redesigned and enhanced for imaging use. We present how the polarization and imaging optics were developed to create a broadband imaging instantaneous polarimeter