New materials for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia

This thesis was previously held under moratorium from 8th May 2014 until 8th May 2016.This thesis has mainly focused on the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure using three different catalyst types (nitride, spinel and perovskite). Attention also has been given to developing new electrolyte materials based on oxide-carbonate composites, with the aim of exploring their application in ammonia synthesis at low operating temperature (< 500 °C). Ammonia was synthesised from H₂ and N₂ using an electrolyte supported cell based on LiAlO₂-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃ as electrolyte, Ag-Pd as anode and either nitride (e.g. Co₃Mo₃N) or spinel (CoFe₂O₄) as cathode. The maximum rate of ammonia formation (3.27 x 10⁻¹⁰10 mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 450 °C and 0.8 V) was obtained when Co₃Mo₃N was used as a cathode. Ammonia was also synthesised from H₂ and N₂ in an electrolytic cell based on Sm-doped ceria-carbonate composite (SDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃) as an electrolyte, NiO-SDC as anode and perovskite oxide La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₈Cu₀.₂O₃-δ (LSFCu) catalyst as a cathode. The maximum rate was found to be 5.39 x 10⁻⁹ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 450 °C and 0.8 V. Ammonia was also synthesised successfully from water vapour (3% H₂O) and nitrogen, using a new electrolyte material based on Ca and Gd co-doped ceria-carbonate composite (CGDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃). Perovskite oxide Sm₀.₅Sr₀.₅CoO₃-δ (SSCo) was used as an anode and either spinel or perovskite based catalysts were used as cathodes. The maximum rate of ammonia formation (4.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 375 °C and 1.4 V) was attained with a La₀.₇₅Sr₀.₂₅Cr₀.₅Fe₀.₅O₃-δ (LSCrF) cathode. Ammonia was synthesised directly from air and water vapour (3% H₂O) in a symmetrical cell composed of LSCrF as electrodes (cathode and anode) and CGDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃ composite as electrolyte. The maximum rate was found to be 1.94x10⁻¹¹ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 375 °C with an applied voltage of 1.2 V.This thesis has mainly focused on the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure using three different catalyst types (nitride, spinel and perovskite). Attention also has been given to developing new electrolyte materials based on oxide-carbonate composites, with the aim of exploring their application in ammonia synthesis at low operating temperature (< 500 °C). Ammonia was synthesised from H₂ and N₂ using an electrolyte supported cell based on LiAlO₂-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃ as electrolyte, Ag-Pd as anode and either nitride (e.g. Co₃Mo₃N) or spinel (CoFe₂O₄) as cathode. The maximum rate of ammonia formation (3.27 x 10⁻¹⁰10 mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 450 °C and 0.8 V) was obtained when Co₃Mo₃N was used as a cathode. Ammonia was also synthesised from H₂ and N₂ in an electrolytic cell based on Sm-doped ceria-carbonate composite (SDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃) as an electrolyte, NiO-SDC as anode and perovskite oxide La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₈Cu₀.₂O₃-δ (LSFCu) catalyst as a cathode. The maximum rate was found to be 5.39 x 10⁻⁹ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 450 °C and 0.8 V. Ammonia was also synthesised successfully from water vapour (3% H₂O) and nitrogen, using a new electrolyte material based on Ca and Gd co-doped ceria-carbonate composite (CGDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃). Perovskite oxide Sm₀.₅Sr₀.₅CoO₃-δ (SSCo) was used as an anode and either spinel or perovskite based catalysts were used as cathodes. The maximum rate of ammonia formation (4.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 375 °C and 1.4 V) was attained with a La₀.₇₅Sr₀.₂₅Cr₀.₅Fe₀.₅O₃-δ (LSCrF) cathode. Ammonia was synthesised directly from air and water vapour (3% H₂O) in a symmetrical cell composed of LSCrF as electrodes (cathode and anode) and CGDC-(Li/Na/K)₂CO₃ composite as electrolyte. The maximum rate was found to be 1.94x10⁻¹¹ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² at 375 °C with an applied voltage of 1.2 V

A technical and tactical profile of the judokas medalists. Case of the category (-81 kg)

International audienceThe objective of this study was to determine the technical and tactical modalities susceptible to optimize the performance of the Olympic medalists judokas in the category (-81 kg). Our observation relate to the video recordings of twenty-one fights medalists judokas at the 2012 Olympic Games (n=4; age 26.8±4.6 years; height 180±0.1cm) who took part in 5.3±0.5 fights of average duration 303.4±88.5 seconds. The analysis focused on the frequency of techniques used; dominant technical groups, emerging techniques, technical effectiveness, combat score, attack direction and tactical option chosen. Seoi-nage was the most used technique and Ashi-waza was the most requested group. Te-waza has distinguished itself by its great variety within the Kokusai-shiai-waza. In tactics, direct attack is the most preferred option. The determined technical and tactical profile can be considered as a crucial factor in the preparation of judokas of this weight category in improving their efficiency in competition

Bilateral metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: surgical treatment in one or two stages

AIM: To assess the results of treatment of bilateral neck metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-series. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The charts of 855 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx who underwent ressection of primary tumor and radical neck dissection were reviewed. Ninety-six patients with histologically proven bilateral neck metastases were selected, 73 underwent bilateral radical neck dissection and 23 unilateral radical neck dissection and developed contralateral recurrence. The free disease survival and neck control rates were evaluated. RESULTS: Between 23 patients who underwent unilateral neck dissection and developed contralateral recurrence, only 18 were salvaged. The neck control after 2 years was achieved in 46% of patients. Between 73 patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection, 12 cases of neck recurrences were diagnosed and only 3 patients were salvaged. The neck control after 2 years was 77%, and the free disease survival was similar between the 2 groups, despite of the difference in neck control rates. CONCLUSION: The bilateral neck dissection in one stage was more effective to control neck disease but no difference of disease-free survival in comparison with two stage procedure was observed. Neck control was reached in most patients, but only 35% of those with bilateral metastases were free of disease after 2 years.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento dos pacientes com metástases cervicais bilaterais de carcinoma epidermóide das vias aerodigestivas superiores. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Série de casos retrospectiva. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Revisão dos prontuários de 855 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de boca, orofaringe, hipofaringe e laringe submetidos à ressecção do tumor primário e esvaziamento cervical radical entre 1977 e 1996. Foram selecionados 96 pacientes com metástases bilaterais confirmadas histologicamente, dos quais 73 foram submetidos inicialmente ao esvaziamento cervical bilateral (ECB) e 23 pacientes que se submeteram ao esvaziamento unilateral e, posteriormente, desenvolveram recidiva cervical contralateral. A evolução dos pacientes foi avaliada por meio da sobrevida livre de doença e do controle cervical. RESULTADOS: Entre os 23 pacientes submetidos ao esvaziamento unilateral (pN+) que desenvolveram recidiva contralateral, foram resgatados 18 pacientes. O controle da doença no pescoço em 2 anos foi alcançado em 46% dos pacientes. Entre os 73 pacientes submetidos ao esvaziamento bilateral (pN2c) ocorreram 12 casos de recidivas cervicais, dos quais apenas 3 foram resgatados. O controle da doença no pescoço em dois anos foi alcançado em 77% dos pacientes. A sobrevida livre de doença foi semelhante entre os 2 grupos, apesar da diferença observada na taxa de controle cervical. CONCLUSÃO: O esvaziamento bilateral em tempo único apresentou melhor controle da doença no pescoço, mas não alterou a sobrevida livre de doença neste grupo de pacientes. A despeito do controle da doença cervical ser obtido na maioria dos pacientes, apenas um terço daqueles com metástases bilaterais apresentaram doença controlada após 2 anos.Hospital Heliópolis Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e OtorrinolaringologiaUNIFESP Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e PescoçoUNIFESP, Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e PescoçoSciEL

STUDI DAMPAK BENCANA KOTA PALU TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI MATERIAL BATU GAJAH DAN BRONJONG KE KABUPATEN PASANGKAYU

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Palu City disaster on the distribution of elephant and gabion stone material to the City of Pasangkayu. For data collection techniques, the author uses observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that it can be concluded that the natural disasters that occurred in Palu City also had an impact on the distribution of goods from the city to surrounding areas, such as the City of Pasangkayu, which depended on the material needs for elephants and gabions on the City of Palu. stopped the distribution of these materials to Pasangkayu City for some time, this clearly resulted in the development of Pasangkayu City being stopped for a while. Although a few moments later the material distribution activity resumed, but it was not really running normally, the length of post-disaster recovery made elephant stone production activities and gabion distribution from producers to distributors in Palu City not really running normally, So that scarcity due to limited stock of elephant and gabions is something that must be dealt with, and obviously this problem has led to an increase in the price of both materials. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the Palu City disaster on the distribution of elephant and gabion stone materials to Pasangkayu Regency. For data collection techniques, the author uses observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation

Mise en évidence de la caractérisation variétale la distinction inter-variétale et contrôle de l’homogénéité de quatre variétés de blé dans la région de Guelma (Algérie)

Objectif : Dans le cadre des travaux de D.H.S (Distinction, Homogénéité et stabilité), cette étude a été réalisée sur le contrôle de l’homogénéité de quatre variétés de blé (deux blés durs et deux blés tendres) à travers leurs caractéristiques morphologiques, en génération de départ (G.0), cultivées en plein champs.Méthodologie and résultats : Celle-ci a été étudiée grâce à des caractères observés aux différents stades (début épiaison, floraison, laiteux et maturation), tels que recommandés par l’U.P.O.V. (Union Internationale de la Protection des Observations des Obtentions Végétales).Conclusion : Il ressort que les deux variétés étudiées pour chaque espèce sont distincts morphologiquement,, ainsi que l’homogénéité pour chaque variété est très forte.Mots clés : caractérisation, variété, blés, controle, homogénéité, morphologi

Viability of flax particles to develop cellular construction materials: Physico-mechanical characterisation

The problems related to environmental issues have motivated extensive research on environmentally friendly materials. The built environment is responsible for high primary energy use and more of energy related CO2 emissions. However, it is important to develop low-embodied energy, carbon-negative, sustainable construction materials to replace conventional products. In this context, agricultural wastes are the excellent alternative materials to substitute mineral aggregates because they are widespread and easily accessible. The application of these elements is interesting as regards the recycling of the vegetable particles, since these are easily available and renewable low-cost raw materials, and has advantage for economy and environment. However, the reduction of energy consumption in construction, production of thermal insulation materials, and the solution of environmental problems by recycling waste are becoming greater problems. Various types of agriculture waste, after being processed, have been used as particles in concrete or mortars. These materials display lower density and have several potential applications such as acoustic and thermal insulation, fire resistance cladding…etc. The study reported in this paper was undertaken to investigate the physico-mechanical properties of cellular materials based on flax particles, in order to produce usable materials in cellular concrete applications. The material produced containing different volumes of flax particles (0V (control mortar), 1V, and 2V) was lightened by creating a porous structure in the matrix through a chemical reaction between aluminium powder and free lime. A study conducted on hardened material properties has indicated a significant reduction in sample unit weight, thereby resulting in a level of compressive strength compatible with a load-bearing wall. The reduction in flexural strength was lower than that in compressive strength. These results shown that the cellular material based on flax particles can be used as suitable insulated load-bearing walls

ARAHAN PRIORITAS PENANGANAN JARINGAN JALAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI DI DATARAN LORE KABUPATEN POSO

This research aims to identify the location distribution of agricultural and tourism potential in the Lore plain of Poso regency, analyze the center of growth and the level of the regional hierarchy and prioritize the handling of road networks located in the Lore plain of Poso regency. This was a descriptive research. Analyses method used were descriptive analysis, Scalogram analysis, Gravitation analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The result of the research show that the agricultural potential is spread evenly across the villages in the Lore area and follows the existing road lines (the pattern extends the road). The spread of tourism potential is located in all sub-districts with the types of objects and tourism activities found in this area are natural attractions, special interest tourism activities and megalithic attractions. The result of Scalogram analysis shows that there are five villages that became the village center of growth, and the main priority in the handling of the existing road network is a network of roads connecting agricultural potential

PERANAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN PASANGKAYU

The purpose of this research is to find out and identify: 1) The contribution of the industrial sector to the economy of Pasangkayu Regency. 2) Sectors that are the basic sectors in the economy of Pasangkayu Regency. This type of research is quantitative with contribution analysis and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis techniques. The results of the study that the results of the analysis of the contribution provided by the industrial sector to the formation of the Pasangkayu Regency GRDP in 2013-2018 amounted to 28.74%. LQ analysis shows that the Pasangkayu Regency industrial sector from 2013-2018 became a base sector with an LQ value of 2.67. Distribution of industries focused in Pasangkayu District which is the capital of Pasangkayu Regency and several other districts