The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Urban Supply Chain Governance in Ahvaz City

Abstract- This paper reports a study of the effect of transformational leadership style on urban supply chain governance in Ahvaz city. We adopted a qualitativequantitative approach to conduct interviews. Two survey questionnaires (for transformational leadership style and urban supply chain governance indicators) were used to collect data from managers and employees working in 8 municipal regions in Ahvaz city, Iran. In order to collect data for this study, our research sample are (N=205) working managers and employees. Our results suggest that transformational leadership style has a significant positive and direct effect on urban supply chain governance. Our findings also show a strong impact between transformational leadership style and participation as urban supply chain governance index. This study offers that extending leadership styles and their applications and influences in urban studies could have great importance, especially urban management and governance. Key word- transformational leadership, urban supply chain governance, participation, effectiveness, Ahva

Effects of different doses of hyaloronan on human sperm motility, vitality and morphology

Important aspect of sperm function such as motility and capacitation appear to be mediated at least partially though hyaloronic acid (HA). Present study investigated effects of different doses of HA on sperm motility and vitality in human. Sperm was obtained from 20 male from IVF clinic in Imam Khomeini Hospital. Sperm motility and vitality in human semen was analyzed according to WHO criteria before and 4 hours after treatment with different doses of HA (0.750, 1000 and 1250 μg/ml). The results showed that in 1000 μg/ml the percent of stage 3 and 4 increased compare to control group. Percent of stage 1 and 2 decreased in group with 1000 μg/ml HA, there was an increase in the percentage of stage 3 and 4 and decrease in percentage of stage 1 and 2 compare to control. In the group treated with 1250 μg/ml stage 1 and 2 increased while stage 3 and 4 decreased. Vitality in all groups decreased except of the group treated with 1000 μg/ml HA. The group with 1250 μg/ml showed significantly decrease in vitality compare to fresh group (P < 0.05). The present study showed that the effects of HA on sperm motility and vitality is dose dependant and 1000 μg/ml HA had the effective role on sperm parameters. © 2009 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Systematic review of available guidelines on fertility preservation of young patients with breast cancer

Background: Since the survival rate of breast cancer patients has improved, harmful effects of new treatment modalities on fertility of the young breast cancer patients has become a focus of attention. This study aimed to systematically review and critically appraise all available guidelines for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Major citation databases were searched for treatment guidelines. Experts from relevant disciplines appraised the available guidelines. The AGREE II Instrument that includes 23 criteria in seven domains (scope and purpose of the guidelines, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity, applicability, editorial independence, and overall quality) was used to apprise and score the guidelines. Results: The search strategy retrieved 2,606 citations; 72 were considered for full-text screening and seven guidelines were included in the study. There was variability in the scores assigned to different domains among the guidelines. ASCO (2013), with an overall score of 68.0, had the highest score, and St Gallen, with an overall score of 24.7, had the lowest scores among the guidelines. Conclusions: With the promising survival rate among breast cancer patients, more attention should be given to include specific fertility preservation recommendations for young breast cancer patients

Can calcitonin nasal spray reduce the risk of recurrence of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws? A double-blind clinical trial

Recurrence is a major problem following the treatment of aggressive central giant cell granuloma (CGCG). The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of recurrence between patients who received calcitonin nasal spray after curettage of CGCGs and those who did not. A double-blind clinical trial was designed. Patients were allocated to one of two groups: those in the calcitonin group underwent curettage and received calcitonin salmon nasal spray 200 IU/day once a day for 3 months after surgery; those in the control group underwent curettage of CGCGs and received a placebo once a day for 3 months after surgery. All patients were followed for 5 years after surgery. Twenty-four patients were treated in the two groups. There was no difference in age, sex, tumour size, or tumour location between the two groups (P > 0.05). Eight of the 24 patients (33.3%) had recurrences during the follow-up period: one in the calcitonin group (9.1%) and seven in the control group (53.8%). Analysis of the data demonstrated a significant difference between the two study groups (P = 0.033). It appears that calcitonin nasal spray may reduce the frequency of recurrence in aggressive CGCGs in the mandible and maxilla

Rethinking journalism practice through innovative approaches to post conflict reporting

Journalism has a long history of interviewing vulnerable people caught up in natural disasters, conflict or tragedy. While it is widely recognised that journalists have an important role to play in telling the stories of those traumatised by such events, the concepts of ‘peace journalism’ or ‘journalism of attachment’ have often elicited a negative reaction in traditional journalistic circles. Drawing on the authors’ research project working with young people embroiled in Colombia’s civil conflict, this paper sets out an alternative and innovative approach to the retelling of the stories of others. It outlines how the research team engaged with the young people, some of whom had operated as child soldiers before Colombia’s peace accord with FARC rebels, and encouraged them to narrate their own stories in their own style. Through a series of workshops, the team experimented with oral and visual representations of their experiences, staying close to their accounts, enabling their voices to be heard. The participants combined traditional narrative with animation to produce a short documentary setting out their hopes for peace and reconciliation. This project, with its focus on immersion and listening, offers an alternative approach for journalists trying to relay the experiences of traumatised individuals marginalised in society as a result of their participation in the armed conflict. While the project was located in the specific context of Colombia, the paper argues that the journalistic approaches used could be applied more widely to the reporting of trauma in post conflict or marginalised communities

Differentiation of Volatile Profiles and Odor Activity Values of Turkish Coffee and French Press Coffee

Volatile compositions of coffee obtained from two different coffee brewing methods, Turkish coffee (TC) and French press coffee (FPC), were analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile compounds. A total of 60 and 58 volatile compounds comprising furans, lactones, phenolic compounds, pyridines, pyrazines, acids, cyclopentenes, pyrroles, furanones, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and thiols were identified and quantified in TC and FPC, respectively. Among the detected compounds, furans were present in the highest levels, followed by lactones. Furfuryl alcohol followed by ?-butyrolactone, pyridine, hexadecanoic acid, maltol, 2-methyl pyrazine and furfuryl acetate were found in large amounts in both coffee brews. It was observed that the volatile profiles of both samples were quite similar. Based on the odor activity values (OAVs), 13 volatile compounds presented OAVs greater than 1 and guaiacol, 2,3-butanedione and furfuryl acetate were the highest OAVs in both coffee samples. Practical Applications: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. The results of this first study provide valuable information for understanding the aroma and odor activity value differences between Turkish coffee and French press coffee. The liquid–liquid extraction technique for isolation followed by analysis and identification of those compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an effective practical application tool for volatile description in coffee samples. It was observed that the volatile profiles of both samples were quite similar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Aroma components of Iranian dried Heracleum persicum fruit (golpar) using solvent-assisted flavour evaporation technique

Aroma composition obtained from Iranian dried Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fisch. was analysed by the gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. For the first time in this plant aroma, the solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) extraction method with dichloromethane was used prior to GC-MS. A total of 26 aroma compounds comprising esters, terpenes, acids, alcohol and aldehyde were identified and quantified in dried H. persicum fruit. Among the detected compounds, esters were present on highest levels, followed by terpenes. Hexyl butyrate was quantitatively the main aroma compound in this fruit, representing 65.6% of the total aroma compounds analysed, followed by octyl acetate (18.2%), hexyl isobutanoate (5.6%), ?-terpinene (1.6%) and o-cymene (1.3%). © 2016 National Agricultural and Food Centre (Slovakia)

Aroma constituents of shade-dried aerial parts of Iranian dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation technique

The aroma profile of shade-dried aerial part from Iranian dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and Savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) plants was analyzed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID). For the first time in these aromatic plants, the solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) extraction method with dichloromethane was used prior to GC–MS. A total of 40 and 26 aroma compounds was identified in dill and savory. Dill contained 271.52 µg/g total amount of aroma compounds, which included terpenes (28), aldehydes (3), alcohol (1), acids (3), volatile phenols (3), ketone (1) and norisoprenoid (1). Savory possessed 10,547.16 µg/g total amount of aroma compounds, including terpenes (20), alcohol (1) and volatile phenols (5). Of all aroma compounds detected in both plants, terpenes were quantitatively the most dominant aroma volatiles. In the overall aroma volatiles, ?-phellandrene (160.0 µg/g) together with sabinene (26.5 µg/g), d-carvone (16.2 µg/g), dl-limonene (12.3 µg/g) and dill ether (7.8 µg/g) in dill and ?-terpinene (6236.83 µg/g) along with carvacrol (3239.19 µg/g), ?-pinene (267.08 µg/g), ?-thujene (219.36 µg/g) and ß-bisabolene (130.8 µg/g) in savory were the major compounds. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York

The most aroma-active compounds in shade-dried aerial parts of basil obtained from Iran and Turkey

Volatile profile, aroma-active compounds and odor activity values of the shade-dried aerial parts of basil (Ocimum basilicum) were investigated. Basil samples used under the study were provided from Iran and Turkey. Volatile compounds were isolated using a purge and trap extraction system and analyzed by gas chromatography olfactometry. A total of 50 volatile compounds of which 29 originated from Iranian and 32 were of Turkish origin were determined. Terpenes were present at the overwhelmingly highest levels, followed by alcohols and aldehydes. Of the terpenes, methyl chavicol was the main compound of both samples. The aroma-active compounds of basils were investigated by using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) for the first time. The application of AEDA revealed 18 aroma-active compounds, including terpenes (10), aldehydes (3), ketone (1), phenol (1), alcohol (1), and unknown compounds (2) were detected. Linalool and methyl chavicol had the greatest flavour dilution (FD) factors in both samples, amounting to 2048 and 1024, respectively. © 2018 Elsevier B.V

GC-MS-olfactometric characterization of the most aroma-active components in a representative aromatic extract from Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

PubMedID: 25842335Aroma and aroma-active compounds of Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. The saffron aromatic extracts were obtained by four different extraction techniques including solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and compared to achieve a representative aromatic extract from saffron. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by SAFE was the most representative of saffron odour. A total of 28 aroma compounds were identified in saffron. Ketones were quantitatively the most dominant volatiles in saffron, followed by aldehydes and acids. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was used for the determination of aroma-active compounds of saffron. A total of nine aroma-active compounds were detected in the aromatic extract. On the basis of the flavour dilution (FD) factor, the most powerful aroma active compounds were safranal (FD = 512), 4-ketoisophorone (FD = 256) and dihydrooxophorone (FD = 128). © 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved