<b>Effect of orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway space: a cephalometric evaluation using Dolphin Imaging software

Orthognathic surgery is widely used in the treatment of dento-maxillofacial deformities, which changes both the facial appearance and the pharyngeal airway space. The aim of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes in the pharyngeal airway space before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class II and Class III malocclusions. The sample consisted of 38 lateral cephalograms, 17 of patients with Class II who had undergone mandibular advancement, and 21 of patients with Class III who had undergone mandibular setback. Cephalometric analysis of Arnett-Gunson FAB Surgery using Dolphin Imaging 11.5 evaluated point B’ and Pog’. Statistical analysis used Paired t-test at 5% significance level. The increase in the means of point B’ and Pog’ after mandibular advancement was not statistical. Similarly, the means of point B’ and Pog’ did not differ after mandibular setback. Thus, the pharyngeal airway space at the level of B’ and Pog’ kept constant pre and post orthognathic surgery for both Class II and Class III

<b>Treatments and supportive therapies for oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of treatments and therapies for oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease, aiming at improving patients’ quality of life and mainly the reduction of mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease. A systematic review was carried out by two evaluators, a Dentistry professor and an undergraduate student. A selection of open-access full-text online articles, carried out on PubMed, GoPubmed, NLM Gateway, LILACS, BIREME, SciELO, IBECS, and Web of Science. The survey was completed in July 2012. Of the 1147 studies found, 52 fit the selection criteria. Patients (n = 2130) received different treatment regimens, either systemic or topical. Drugs for systemic therapy were divided into those with action on the inhibition of proliferation and/or release of T and B cells, with action on inflammatory disorders, and of immunomodulatory effect. Topical drugs were divided into their pattern of mucosal absorption and their ability to act on tissue growth factors. The analysis of articles concluded that the most used systemic drugs were Methylprednisolone and corticosteroids, and Tacrolimus and topical Cyclosporine for topical and local therapy.  

Accuracy of Linear Measurements of Dental Models Scanned Through 3D Scanner and ConeBeam Computed Tomography in Comparison with Plaster Models

Introduction and objective: Virtual surgical planning uses clinical data, image testing, plaster models of dental arches and clinical photos to simulate an orthognathic. There are two ways to perform the scanning of plaster models: scanning for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or 3D scanner. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and the degree of magnification of plaster model images obtained through 3D scanner and CBCT. Materials and methods: The control group was the measurement performed on 40 plaster models by Mitutoyo caliper. The same 40 models were scanned through 3D scanner and CBCT in order to compare the degree of distortion. The models were tested on the Dolphin software. Six measurements were performed in upper and lower arches: intermolar distance; intercanine distance; segment A; segment B; mesiodistal and cervico-incisal distance of the right-side central incisor. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for upper and lower models. However, CBCT had the degree of distortion of 2.34%, while the 3D scanner presented the degree of distortion of 2.37% comparing the degree of distortion of both methods with the digital caliper. Conclusions: It can be concluded that only the distances of segments A and B of the upper model were not compatible in both scanning methods with the measurements of digital caliper. However, considering all of the measurements, 3D scanner and CBCT are trustworthy to perform linear measurements on digital models and are sufficiently adequate for initial diagnosis and and are clinically acceptable in clinical dental practices.Introdução and Objetivo: O planejamento cirúrgico virtual para a simulação da cirurgia ortognática usa dados clínicos, exames de imagem, modelos de gesso e fotos clínicas. Existem duas maneiras de digitalizar modelos de gesso: digitalização com tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (CBFC) ou scanner 3D. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia e o grau de alteração das imagens do modelo de gesso obtidas através do scanner 3D e do CBFC. Materiais e métodos: O grupo controle foi a medida feita em 40 modelos de gesso com o calibrador Mitutoyo. Os mesmos 40 modelos foram digitalizados através de um scanner 3D e CBHC para comparar o grau de distorção. Os modelos foram avaliados no software Dolphin. Seis medições foram realizadas nos arcos superior e inferior: distância intermolar; distância intercanina; segmento A; segmento B; Distância mesiodistal e cérvico-incisal do incisivo central do lado direito. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para os modelos superior e inferior. No entanto, CBFC tinha um grau de distorção de 2,34%, enquanto o scanner 3D introduziu um grau de distorção de 2,37% na comparação entre o grau de distorção de ambos os métodos com calibrador digital. Conclusões: As distâncias dos segmentos A e B do modelo superior não eram compatíveis em ambos os métodos de verificação com medições de calibre digitais. No entanto, considerando-se todas as medições, scanner 3D CBFC e são confiáveis para medições lineares em modelos digitais são adequados o suficiente para o diagnóstico inicial e são clinicamente aceitáveis nas práticas de consultório odontológico.Introducción y objetivo: La planificación quirúrgica virtual para la simulación de cirugías ortognatica utiliza datos clínicos, pruebas de imagen, modelos de yeso y fotos clínicas. Hay dos formas de realizar el escaneo de los modelos de yeso: escaneo con la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBHC) o escáner 3D. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la precisión y el grado de alteración de las imágenes del modelo de yeso obtenidas a través del escáner 3D y la CBHC. Materiales y métodos: El grupo control fue la medida realizada en 40 modelos de yeso con el calibrador Mitutoyo. Los mismos 40 modelos fueron escaneados a través de un escáner 3D y CBHC para comparar el grado de distorsión. Los modelos fueron evaluados en el software Dolphin. Se realizaron seis medidas en los arcos superior e inferior: distancia intermolar; distancia intercanina; segmento A; segmento B; Distancia mesiodistal y cervico-incisal del incisivo central del lado derecho. Resultados: No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa para los modelos superiores e inferiores. Sin embargo, la CBHC tuvo un grado de distorsión de 2.34%, mientras que el escáner 3D presentó un grado de distorsión de 2.37% comparando el grado de distorsión de ambos métodos con el calibrador digital. Conclusión: Solo las distancias de los segmentos A y B del modelo superior no fueron compatibles en ambos métodos de escaneo con las medidas del calibrador digital. Sin embargo, considerando todas las mediciones, el escáner 3D y la CBCT son confiables para realizar medidas lineales en modelos digitales, son suficientemente adecuados para el diagnóstico inicial y son clínicamente aceptables en las prácticas clínica odontológica

Three-dimensional alterations in pharyngeal airspace, soft palate, and hyoid bone of class II and class III patients submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate changes in pharyngeal airway space (PAS), soft palate, and hyoid bone position after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class II and Class III patients. Methods: Patients were divided into Group 1: Class III patients who underwent maxillary osteotomies and mandibular setback surgery (N = 43); and Group 2: Class II patients who underwent maxillomandibular advancement surgery (N = 36). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were acquired one month before and six to eight months after orthognathic surgery. PAS area, volume and minimum axial area (MAA), soft-palate morphology, and hyoid bone position measurements obtained before and after orthognathic surgery were compared using the Gamma family test (p <= 0.10). Results: In Class II group the maxillomandibular advancement surgery significantly increased the PAS area, volume, and MAA and significantly affected hyoid bone position and soft-palate morphology. In Class III group, maxillary osteotomies and mandibular setback also showed increase in PAS area, however without statistically significant values for most of the evaluated measurements. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that PAS and related structures are expected to be improved in Class II patients submitted to bimaxillary surgery, and they are not negatively affected by bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients47688389